Sri Lankan Vain Graphite
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Kahatagaha Graphite Lanka Limited Graphite and its usage
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Sri Lankan Vain Graphite
- 1. GRAPHITE By : Chanaka Wickramasinghe Mineral Resources and Technology Degree Program Uva Wellassa University Of Sri Lanka
- 2. What is Graphite? Graphite is a natural form of carbon. Chemical formula C. Hexagonal crystalline structure. It occurs naturally in metamorphic rocks such as marble, schist and gneiss
- 3. Graphite is; - Excellent ELECTRICITY conductor - Heat resistant (Melting Point 3927 C°) - Chemical reaction and Corrosion resistant - Resistant to acids and oxidizing agents - Lubricating
- 6. Distribution of graphite occurrences Graphite deposits occur in Highland complex and Wanni complex. Highland complex – High T and moderate P(Granulites ) Wanni complex – Relatively Low T, P (upper amphibolite to granulite) Vijayan Complex – Relatively Low T, P (Amphibolites ) Wanni Complex Vijayan Complex Highland Complex
- 7. Applications
- 8. Applications
- 9. Applications
- 11. The use of graphite in Sri Lanka has a long history, from 1675. Sri Lankan graphite is very popular all over the world for its high purity. There are two major mines for graphite, KahatagahaKolongaha and Bogala. The largest mine is Kahatagaha-Kolongaha close to Matale-Kurunegala road. This is deeper than 650 m.
- 12. Runoff mine Graphite Cross section of the mine
- 13. Grizzly screen Output – 203.2 mm Rejected +203.2 mm
- 14. Trommel Screen Main Trommel Input – 203.2mm Output Sizes -25.4mm -25.4mm to -50.8mm -50.8mm to -203.2mm Secondary Trommel Input 25.4mm Output Sizes -11.4mm -11.4mm to -16.5mm -16.5mm to -25.4mm
- 16. Sleeve Filter Input Size -203.2mm Output Sizes -50.8mm to -25.4mm -50.8mm to – 203.2mm -11.5mm to -16.5mm -16.5mm to -25.4mm
- 17. Sleeve Filter Particle size Product +10mm Lumps 1.7 – 5 mm Bold chips 0.5 -1.7 mm Fine Chips -10 + 60 mesh Flakes -40 + 100 mesh Flake type powder -200 mesh Powder “Pitty” lump (totally dust) - 99% carbon. Hard lump - 97% carbon. Bright lump - 94% carbon
- 24. References • Dissanayake, C. B. 1981. The origin of graphite of Sri Lanka. 3:1-7. • Katz, M.B 1987. Graphite deposits of Sri Lanka: aconsequence of granulite facies metamorphism. 22, 18-25. • Wilbert Kehelpannala, K. V. 1995. Origin of vein graphite in Sri Lanka – another view. 19-24. • http://www.fortunegraphite.com/graphite_uses.php • Kahatagaha Graphite Lanka Limited – Chamara Jayawardhana and Jayashanka Bandara
- 25. Get in action Thank you 31st January, 2015
Editor's Notes
- Good evining sir and my dera friends, im going to discuss and describe methods for SL Grapite and it’s valve addition in globel context.
- So let’s see what is the graphite, It’s natural form of carbon Have hexagonal crystalyine structure and occurs naturally in metamorphic roks
- Let’s disscuss what is much interested in this material; It has Excellent conductivity The thermal and electric conductivity of graphite is based on free electrons. So property determined by size and degree of order of the crystallites. and Outstanding lubrication properties Graphite has excellent lubrication effect, because layers in the crystal lattice easily shifted against each other. This outstanding propertie, become obvious under high temperatures and pressures. also Resistance to oxidation and cyclic temperature stress With its high degree of crystallisation, graphite is highly resistant to oxidation and to most chemical agents, Which is why graphite used in the field of fireproof materials. and Formation of intercalation compounds The bonding strength between the layer planes allow the intercalation of certain molecules in the graphite lattice. This intercalation property is used in the fields of special lubricants and rechargeable batteries.
- We can identify basically 2 types of materials in industry as a application material which are eqvilent in market size. Those are synthetic graphite and Natural Graphite, Under the natural graphite, we can identify 03 main categories as Flake graphite Vein graphite Amorphous graphite As sri lankans, we are lucky to have most concentrated and most valuable category “vain graphite” in SL
- The use of graphite in Sri Lanka has a long history, from 1675. Sri Lankan graphite is very popular all over the world for its high purity. There are two major mines for graphite, Kahatagaha-Kolongaha and Bogala. The largest mine is Kahatagaha-Kolongaha close to Matale-Kurunegala road. This is deeper than 650 m.
- Sri lanka is made of 3 major complex the Highland, vijayan and Wanni. When we consider graphite occurrences, Graphite deposits are occur in Highland complex. The vein graphite deposits of Sri Lanka are Located in a Precambrian high grade metamorphic terrain dominated by granulite facies rock. Largest vein graphite deposit occur the Highland Complex and wanni Plate boundary.
- In global context we can identify vast variety of applications using Graphite as a row material And these are some applications wildly in use Pencils : Ancient and modern methods for getting the “lead” (really graphite) into pencils. Disc brakes have graphite linings. Lightweight sports equipment, like tennis racquets and golf clubs, are often made from graphite. graphite lubricant
- graphite can stand under high heat, so Graphite used in Furnace Atomic Absorption Laboratory. And Graphite crucibles of different sizes. These crucibles can bare temperatures up to 1500°C. Graphite is a good electrical conductor. So Graphite is in generators, as the carbon brushes that conduct electricity. And Made in the late 1910s, the filament in this bulb has a graphite paste baked over a carbon core.
- Some paints contain graphite. Alkaline batteries contain graphite rods. And last, not least Graphite is used in nuclear power plants.
- This is Sri Lanka And I have Critical statement about the Sri Lankan Graphite: Since world graphite processing going so far end, still as the best graphite owned country we, Sri lankans doing nothing other than exporting raw materials to others.
- Ok, Now, Let me discuss and evaluate the Kahatagaha graphite material processing plant This is the Material Flow chart of the Kahatagaha Graphite Lanka Limited processing plant. It only produce basic row materials which directly exporting to the foreign market to produce advance applications.
- This is the cross cut of the Kahatagaha mine, where the total process begin. In here within 1400ft level graphite veins are mined and bring into processing plant next to the mining site.
- After the mining process, Graphite bulks goes through Grizzly screen to fulfill basic screening needs. Mostly low grade graphite with quartz rejected from this step. After the Grizzly screen graphite lumps goes to stock cylinder. This Stock cylinder opens to the tommel screen.
- Lorded stock cylinder opens to the series of 2 tommel screens. Which are sorted series with one jaw crusher. After this process, Graphite lumps meets the hand sorting level.
- In this stage skilled employees differentiate graphite by carbon percentage. Also they remove unvented partials such as quarts.
- At the final stage, categorized and sorted graphite partials went through the sleeve filter, Then packed to containers and export international market.
- This is the nutshell of all productions of this plant.
- Graphene Graphene IS MOST upcoming graphite based product in world. Graphene has high mobility and optical transparency, flexibility, high mechanical strength and environmental stability. Applications of graphene and graphene-based materials are follows, Platform for electronics, composites, sensors, spintronics, photonics and optoelectronics. These Applications ranging from solar cells and light-emitting devices to touch screens , ultrafast lasers, membranes, spin valves, high frequency electronics.
- Graphene production by Dry exfoliation Dry exfoliation is the splitting of layered materials into atomically thin sheets by mechanical, electrostatic, or electromagnetic forces in air, vacuum or inert environments. Schematic illustration of the main graphene production techniques. Micromechanical cleavage. Anodic bonding. Photoexfoliation. Liquid phase exfoliation. Growth on SiC. Gold and grey spheres represent Si and C atoms, respectively. At elevated T, Si atoms evaporate (arrows), leaving a carbon-rich surface that forms graphene sheets. Segregation/precipitation from carbon containing metal substrate. Chemical vapor deposition. Molecular Beam epitaxy. Chemical synthesis using benzene as building block
- Grapheme production can be categorize as follows, In here Graphene Nanoparticals production is an advace chemical method and graphene oxide production can describe as follows.
- In that procediar, Thermal decomposition, or thermolysis, is a chemical decomposition caused by heat. The reaction is usually endothermic which heat required to break chemical bonds in the compound undergoing decomposition.
- Next step is a ball mill, A ball mill is a type of grinder used to grind materials into extremely fine powder.
- These are the some applications used grapheme as raw material.
- Graphitisation is a microstructural change which can occur in carbon or low alloy steels that are exposed to elevated temperatures, between approximately 425°C and 600°C, for long periods of time. It is most often encountered in boiler tubes and related equipment that have experienced service temperatures in this range for several thousand hours.
- Published data on the graphitisation of an Al deoxidized 0.15%C 0.5%Mo cast steel is summarized below
- This is the graphical representation af total graphitizing processs
- These are the resouses that I have used,
- And at the last point I have to conclude my presentation with small reminder to all to not to export our valuable materials to foreign market without add valve. Because material is for money and money for development in the country. As future specialist in the industry think twice b4 act. Thank you