A mineral is defined as a naturally occurring solid substance with an ordered atomic structure and specific chemical composition. Minerals are divided into metallic and non-metallic types. Metallic minerals contain metals in their raw form and are hard substances that conduct heat and electricity. Minerals can be extracted through mining, drilling, or quarrying. Mining involves removing minerals from underground rocks and can be open-cast or shaft mining depending on the depth. Minerals are found in different rock types and are distributed unevenly across continents, with certain regions being rich in particular minerals like iron, copper, or gold. Minerals are important resources but non-renewable, so conservation efforts through reducing waste and recycling are needed.

1. MINERALS
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2. MINERALS
A mineral is a naturally occurring substance that
is solid and stable at room temperature, represent
able by a chemical formula, usually a biogenic, and
has an ordered atomic structure. It is different
from a rock, which can be an aggregate of minerals
or non-minerals, and does not have a specific
chemical composition. The exact definition of a
mineral is under debate, especially with respect to
the requirement a valid species be a biogenic, and
to a lesser extent with regards to it having an
ordered atomic structure. The study of minerals is
called mineralogy.

3. DIFFERENT KINDS OF MINERALS

4. TYPES OF MINERALS

5. METALLIC MINERALS

Metallic minerals contain metal in raw
form.Metals are hard substances that conduct
heat and electricity and have a characteristic
lustre or shine.Iron ore,bauxite,manganese and
chromites contain iron.

6. METALLIC MINERALS
Metallic minerals contain metal in raw
form.Metals are hard substances that
conduct heat and electricity and have a
characteristic lustre or shine.Iron
ore,bauxite,manganese and chromites
contain iron.

7. NON – METALLIC MINERALS

8. EXTRACTION OF MINERALS

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

Minerals can be extracted by;
Mining
Drilling
Quarrying

9. MINING

It is the process of taking out minerals from
rocks buried under the earth’s surface is called
Mining.

10. 2 TYPES OF MINING
 Open
– Cast Mining
Minerals that lies at shallow depths are taken out by
removing the surface layer is called as Open –Cast
Mining .
 Shaft
–Mining
Deep bores, called shafts have to be made to reach
mineral deposits that lie at great depths . This is called
shaft mining.

11. 2 TYPES OF MINING

12. DRISTIBUTION OF MINERALS
Minerals occur in different types of rocks.
 Some are IGNEOUS rocks , some in
metamorphic rocks while others occur in
sedimentary rocks.


13. CONTINENT – WISE DRISTIBUTION OF
MINERALS
ASIA



CHINA- IRON ,TIN ,ANTIMONy AND TUNGSTEN.
INDIA-IRON, MANGANESE, ZINC AND MANy OTHER
MINERALS.
INDONESIA & MALAySIA - THE CONTINENT PRODUCES
MORE THAN HALF OF WORLDS TIN.
EUROPE


IRON -ORE DEPOSITS- RUSSIA,UKRAINE,SWEDEN
AND FRANCE.
MINERAL DEPOSITS OF COPPER,LEAD
,ZINC,MANGANESE AND NICKEL ARE FOUND IN
EASTERN EUROPE AND RUSSIA.

14. CONTINENT – WISE DRISTIBUTION OF
MINERALS
NORTH



CANADIAN SHIELD-IRON –ORE, NICKEL,GOLD,URANIUM &
COPPER .
APPALACHIANS REGION-COAL
WESTERN CORDILLERAS-COPPER,LEAD,ZINC,GOLD AND
SILVER.
SOUTH




AMERICA
AMERICA
BRAZIL-IRON – ORE
COPPER-CHILE & PERU
SOUTH AMERICA-GOLD, SILVER,DIAMOND, ZINC,MICA &
CHROMIUM
MINERAL-OIL –VENEZUELA,CHILE,PERU&COLUMBIA

16. CONTINENT – WISE DRISTIBUTION OF
MINERALS
AFRICA

RICH MINERALS-DIAMOND,GOLDAND
PLATINUM.
AUSTRALIA
LARGEST PRODUCER IN BAUXINE.
 LEADING PRODUCER INGOLD
,DIAMOND,IRO –ORE TIN AND NICKLE.

ANTARTICA

IRON-ORE ,SILVER,GOLDAND OIL ARE ALSO
PRESENT IN COMMERCIAL QUANTITIES.

17. DRISTIBUTION IN INDIA

18. USES OF MINERALS
Minerals are used in many industries.
 Minerals which are used for gems are usually
hard.
 Copper is another metal used in everything from
coins to pipes.
 Silicon used in the computer industry is obtained
from the quartz.
 Aluminum obtained from it’s ore bauxite used in
is automobile ,airplanes etc.


19. CONSERVATION OF MINERALS
Minerals are non renewable resource.
 It takes 1000 of years for the formation and
concentration of Minerals.
 The rate of formation is much smaller than the
rate at which the humus consumes these
minerals.
 It is necessary to reduce wastage in the process
of mining.
 Re-cycling of metals is another way in which the
mineral resources can be conserved.


20. THANK YOU
BY
Preranaa Prasad VIII C