This document discusses direct and indirect spruing techniques for dental casting. Direct spruing provides a direct connection between the pattern area and sprue base, while indirect spruing uses a connector or reservoir bar. Indirect spruing is mainly used for multiple single units and fixed partial dentures to prevent localized shrinkage using a reservoir. The document also mentions wax and plastic as materials for dental casting patterns.

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8. Direct Spruing
•Sprue former provides a direct connection btwn pattern
area and sprue base.
Indirect Spruing
•a connector or reservoir bar is used.
•Mainly used for multiple single
units and fixed partial dentures.
Reservoir prevent localized shrinkage.

12. I. Wax-mainly prefered
II. Plastic- 2 stage burnout technique is used.