Slides about Sponges,
Slides include What are Sponges? General Physiology, Feeding, Cell Types, Cell Organization in Sponges, Reproduction in Sponges, Support & Defense system of Sponges & some common Sponges
Second-largest phylum in number of species- over 100,000 described.
Ecologically widespread- marine, freshwater, terrestrial (gastropods very successful on land)
Variety of body plans (therefore, many classes within the phylum)
Variety in body size- from ~1 mm to ~18 m (60 feet). 80% are under 5 cm, but many are large and therefore significant as food for man.
Sponges,are pore bearing,multicellular,diploblastic animals that belong to phylum Porifera
Body of all sponges is perforated by large number of pores called ostia through which water enters Inside body and flows through a system of criss-crossing canals known as canal system
Three main types of canal systems in the order of increasing complexity are Asconoid, Syconoid and Leuconoid type.
Second-largest phylum in number of species- over 100,000 described.
Ecologically widespread- marine, freshwater, terrestrial (gastropods very successful on land)
Variety of body plans (therefore, many classes within the phylum)
Variety in body size- from ~1 mm to ~18 m (60 feet). 80% are under 5 cm, but many are large and therefore significant as food for man.
Sponges,are pore bearing,multicellular,diploblastic animals that belong to phylum Porifera
Body of all sponges is perforated by large number of pores called ostia through which water enters Inside body and flows through a system of criss-crossing canals known as canal system
Three main types of canal systems in the order of increasing complexity are Asconoid, Syconoid and Leuconoid type.
The chordates are named for the notochord: a flexible, rod-shaped structure that is found in the embryonic stage of all chordates and also in the adult stage of some chordate species.
It is located between the digestive tube and the nerve cord, providing skeletal support through the length of the body.
In some chordates, the notochord acts as the primary axial support of the body throughout the animal's lifetime.
Porifera is a phylum of primitive invertebrate animals comprising the sponges and having a cellular grade of construction without true tissue or organ formation but with the body permeated by canals and chambers through which a current of water flows and passes in its course through one or more cavities lined with choanocytes.
Cnidaria is a phylum containing over 9,000 species found only in aquatic and mostly marine environments. All cnidarians have radial symmetrical. There are two major body forms among the Cnidaria - the polyp and the medusa. Sea anemones and corals have the polyp form, while jellyfish are typical medusae.
Phylum Mollusca-my report..
sorry for some overlapping of texts... i was not able to edit it..it is actually because of the animations that i put it..... i just uploaded it directly :)
This presentation provide information about salient feature of cyclostomata with proper examples and explanation why they are classified in this class.
INTRODUCTION
The term urogenital refers to something that has both urinary and genital origins. The word urogenital is used because the urinary and reproductive systems in males merge.
These are grouped together because of their proximity to each other, their common embryological origin and the use of common pathways (ex. urethra).
Kidneys and urinary ducts form the urinary system.
The Urinary system performs two important homeostatic processes like excretion and osmoregulation. This system is intimately associated both anatomically, and in terms of embryonic origin with the genital system.
The genital system includes the gonads which generate gametes and the genital ducts that serve as passages for the gametes.
Though functionally different the two organ systems the urinary and the genital system are treated together as the urino- genital system, since both develop from the same segmental blocks of trunk mesoderm or adjacent tissues and share many of the ducts.
Thus although the two systems have nothing common functionally they are closely associated in their use of common ducts and are studied under the broad heading of urinogenital system.
The function of the excretory system is crucial in considering the possible environment of the ‘vertebrate life ’. Several main functions can be attributed to all vertebrate excretory systems:
Excretion of nitrogenous waste products.
Maintaining homeostasis with regard to ions (i.e. salt balance).
Regaining valuable substances (glucose, salts, amino acids, etc.)
Maintaining a physiological osmotic value (i.e. water balance).
The excretory system is formed by a series of paired, segmental nephrons that begin with a nephrostome opening into the coelomic cavity.
A pair of glomeruli per segment, supplied by branches from the aorta, projects into the coelomic cavity close to these nephrostomes.
At a later stage of development, the glomerulus/nephrostome area becomes separated from the rest of the coelomic cavity by an epithelial fold.
The nephrons connect to a duct that is formed by caudal growth of the most anterior nephric tubules. These paired urinary ducts open near the anal region.
The chordates are named for the notochord: a flexible, rod-shaped structure that is found in the embryonic stage of all chordates and also in the adult stage of some chordate species.
It is located between the digestive tube and the nerve cord, providing skeletal support through the length of the body.
In some chordates, the notochord acts as the primary axial support of the body throughout the animal's lifetime.
Porifera is a phylum of primitive invertebrate animals comprising the sponges and having a cellular grade of construction without true tissue or organ formation but with the body permeated by canals and chambers through which a current of water flows and passes in its course through one or more cavities lined with choanocytes.
Cnidaria is a phylum containing over 9,000 species found only in aquatic and mostly marine environments. All cnidarians have radial symmetrical. There are two major body forms among the Cnidaria - the polyp and the medusa. Sea anemones and corals have the polyp form, while jellyfish are typical medusae.
Phylum Mollusca-my report..
sorry for some overlapping of texts... i was not able to edit it..it is actually because of the animations that i put it..... i just uploaded it directly :)
This presentation provide information about salient feature of cyclostomata with proper examples and explanation why they are classified in this class.
INTRODUCTION
The term urogenital refers to something that has both urinary and genital origins. The word urogenital is used because the urinary and reproductive systems in males merge.
These are grouped together because of their proximity to each other, their common embryological origin and the use of common pathways (ex. urethra).
Kidneys and urinary ducts form the urinary system.
The Urinary system performs two important homeostatic processes like excretion and osmoregulation. This system is intimately associated both anatomically, and in terms of embryonic origin with the genital system.
The genital system includes the gonads which generate gametes and the genital ducts that serve as passages for the gametes.
Though functionally different the two organ systems the urinary and the genital system are treated together as the urino- genital system, since both develop from the same segmental blocks of trunk mesoderm or adjacent tissues and share many of the ducts.
Thus although the two systems have nothing common functionally they are closely associated in their use of common ducts and are studied under the broad heading of urinogenital system.
The function of the excretory system is crucial in considering the possible environment of the ‘vertebrate life ’. Several main functions can be attributed to all vertebrate excretory systems:
Excretion of nitrogenous waste products.
Maintaining homeostasis with regard to ions (i.e. salt balance).
Regaining valuable substances (glucose, salts, amino acids, etc.)
Maintaining a physiological osmotic value (i.e. water balance).
The excretory system is formed by a series of paired, segmental nephrons that begin with a nephrostome opening into the coelomic cavity.
A pair of glomeruli per segment, supplied by branches from the aorta, projects into the coelomic cavity close to these nephrostomes.
At a later stage of development, the glomerulus/nephrostome area becomes separated from the rest of the coelomic cavity by an epithelial fold.
The nephrons connect to a duct that is formed by caudal growth of the most anterior nephric tubules. These paired urinary ducts open near the anal region.
In this Presentation, Phylum Porifera, Sponge is described. After watching this you will learn the characteristics, Cell Types, Body Wall, Skeletons, Water Currents, Body Forms, Maintenance of Functions, Reproduction, example and taxonomy of Phylum Porifera. It is part of BS Zoology Course Animal diversity
Assalam Alikum! here is the presentationn of PHYLUM PORIFERA. prepared to benefit you guys. material in slides is authentic 100%. Once you read the slides you will say ''OMG its soooooooo awesom dude!!''
JazakAllah!!
Which of the following are characteristics or examples of sponges (.pdfjillisacebi75827
Which of the following are characteristics or examples of sponges? (Select all that apply.)
Solution
Answer:
Since no options are given, general characteristics of sponges and their examples are mentioned
below:
Characteristics:
Sponges are the common name for the phylum porifera.
1. They are mostly marine and asymmetric animals.
2. They have cellular level of organization.
3. Water enters through minute pores (ostia) in the body wall into a central cavity, spongocoel,
from where it goes out through the osculum.
4. Choanocytes (collar cells) line the spongocoel and the canal.
5. Digestion is intracellular.
6. Spicules or spongin fibres form the skeleton in sponges.
7. They are hermaphrodite, that is the sexes are not separate
8. They reproduce asexually by fragmentation and sexually by formation of gametes.
9. Fertilization is internal
10. Development is indirect with a larval stage distinct from the adults.
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1. Topic: Sponges
Submitted to: Dr. Muhammad Wajid
Presented by: Muhammad Ahmad
BS (Hons) Zoology
UNIVERSITY OF OKARA
07-Dec-2016 Sponges 1
2. What is a sponge?
Sponges are
asymmetrical aquatic
animals that have a
variety of colors, shapes,
and sizes.
07-Dec-2016 Sponges 2
3. What is a sponge?
Although sponges do
not resemble more
familiar animals, they
carry on the same life
processes as all
animals.
Many are bright
shades of red, orange,
yellow, and green.
07-Dec-2016 Sponges 3
4. Sponges are pore-bearers
Sponges are classified in the
invertebrate phylum Porifera, which
means “pore bearer.”
Most live in marine biomes, but about
150 species can be found in freshwater
environments.
07-Dec-2016 Sponges 4
5. Sponges are mainly
sessile organisms.
Water out
Central
cavity
Water in
Because most adult
sponges can’t travel in
search of food, they get
their food by a process
called filter feeding.
Sponges are pore-bearers
07-Dec-2016 Sponges 5
6. Sponges are pore-bearers
Water out
Central
cavity
Water in
Filter feeding is a
method in which an
organism feeds by
filtering small particles
of food from water that
pass by or through some
part of the organism.
07-Dec-2016 Sponges 6
8. Pinacocytes: ‘skin cells’, thin, leathery and tightly packed.
Choanocytes: Striking resemblance to choanoflagellates (a single-
celled protist). Their function is to create active pumping of water
and major site of nutrient uptake.
Archaeocytes: These cells are “totipotent”. They can change into
all of the other types of cells. Ingest and digest food caught by
choanocyte collars.
Schlerocytes: Create and excrete spicules.
General physiology
07-Dec-2016 Sponges 8
9. Feeding
Sponges feed on fine particulate material in the inflowing
water.
Food particles generally range from 5 to 50 µm and are
phagocytized by archeocytes.
After digestion is complete, the archeocytes and associated
wastes are expelled into the water.
07-Dec-2016 Sponges 9
10. Cell organization in sponges
For some sponge species, if you took a
living sponge and put it through a sieve,
not only would the sponge’s cells be alive
and separated out, but these cells would
come together to form new sponges.
It can take several weeks for the sponge’s
cells to reorganize themselves.
07-Dec-2016 Sponges 10
11. Types of cells
CELLTYPES, BODY WALL AND SKELETONS
Sponges have simple bodies. But still sponges are more than
colonies of independent cells. The sponges also have
specialized cells. Therefore, division of labour is present in
them. Following types of cells are present in phylum porifera.
1. Pinacocytes: Pinacocytes are thin walled and flat cells. They line
the outer surface of a sponge. Pinacocytes are slightly
contractile. Their contraction can change the shape of some
sponges. Some pinacocytes forms tube like
contractile porocytes. Porocytes regulate water circulation. The
openings of the porocytes are pathways tiw water movement of
water through the body wall.
2. Mesohyl: Mesohyl is a jelly like layer present below the
pinacocytes. Amoeboid cells are present in it. These cells are
called mesenchyma cells. The mesenchyma cells freely move
in the mesohyl. These cells are specialized for reproduction,
secreting, skeletal elements, transporting and storing food and
forming contractile rings around openings in the sponge wall.07-Dec-2016 Sponges 11
12. Types of Cells
3. Choanocytes: Choanocytes or collar cells are present below the
mesohyl. They form the lining of the inner chamber.
Choanocytes are flagellated cells. They have a collar like ring of
microvilli surrounding a flagellum. Microfilaments connect the
microvilli. It forms a netlike structure within the collar. The
flagellum creates water currents through the sponge. The collar
filters microscopic food particles from the water.
Collar cells are also present in a group of protists called
choanoflagellates. Choanocytes are present in sponges and
choanoflagellates. It suggests an evolutionary link between
these groups.
07-Dec-2016 Sponges 12
13. Cell organization in sponges
Many biologists hypothesize that sponges
evolved directly from colonial, flagellated
protists, such as Volvox.
Volvox
07-Dec-2016 Sponges 13
14. Cell organization in sponges
More importantly,
sponges exhibit a major
step in the evolution of
animals—the change
from unicellular life
to a division of labor
among groups of
organized cells.
07-Dec-2016 Sponges 14
15. Reproduction in sponges
Most sponges reproduce sexually.
Some sponges have
separate sexes, but most
sponges are
hermaphrodites.
A hermaphrodite is an
animal that can produce
both eggs and sperm.
07-Dec-2016 Sponges 15
16. Reproduction in sponges
In sponges,
the collar
cells collect
and transfer
sperm to
amoebocytes.
The
amoebocytes
then transport
the sperm to
ripe eggs.
07-Dec-2016 Sponges 16
17. Support and defense systems in sponges
Sponges are soft-bodied invertebrates, that
can be found at depths of about 8500 m.
Their internal
structure gives
them support and
can help protect
them from
predators.
07-Dec-2016 Sponges 17
18. Support and defense systems in sponges
Some sponges have sharp, hard spicules
located between the cell layers.
Spicules may be made
of glasslike material or
of calcium carbonate.
Spicules
07-Dec-2016 Sponges 18