This document discusses activity planning for projects. It explains that a detailed project plan should include a schedule showing the start and finish times of each activity. This is important to ensure resources are available when needed, avoid conflicts over shared resources, monitor progress against milestones, and manage cash flow. The document outlines different approaches to identifying activities, including activity-based, product-based, and hybrid structures. It also discusses sequencing activities and using precedence requirements in scheduling.

1. SPM-UNIT II
ACTIVITY PLANNING
Prof. Kanchana Devi

2. Activity Planning – Intro..
 A detailed project must include a schedule
indicating the start and completion times for
each activity.
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Prof. Kanchana Devi

3. So that…
 Ensure resources will be available when required.
 Avoid different activities competing for the same
resource at same time.
 Produce a detailed schedule showing which staff
carry out each activity.
 Produce a detailed plan against which actual
achievement may be measured.
 Produce a timed cash flow forecast.
 Re-plan the project – correct drift from target
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Prof. Kanchana Devi

4. Objectives
Prof. Kanchana Devi
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 Feasibility Assessment
 Resource Allocation
 Detailed Costing
 Motivation
 Co-ordination

5. When to plan..
Prof. Kanchana Devi
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 Planning is an ongoing process of refinement,
each iteration becoming more detailed and
more accurate than the last.
 Feasibility Study:
 Timescale
 Risk of not achieving the target completion date
 Keeping within budget.
 Activity plan:
 Resource availability
 Cash-flow control

6. Projects and Activities
Prof. Kanchana Devi
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 A project
 Composed of number of interrelated activities
 May start when at least one of its activities is ready to start.
 Will be completed when all of the activities have been completed
 An Activity
 Clearly define start and end-point
 Requires a resource then requirement must be forecastable
 Duration of an activity must be forecastable
 Some activity might require that others are completed before
they can begin “Precedence Requirement”

7. Identifying Activities
Prof. Kanchana Devi
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 Three Approaches
 The activity based approach
 The product based approach
 The hybrid approach

8. I. Activity Based Approach
Prof. Kanchana Devi
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 Consists of creating a list of all activities that
the project is thought to involve
 “Work Breakdown Structure”
Project
Analyse Design
Data Design
Relational
Data
Analysis
Logical Data
Analysis
Process
Design
Physical
Design
Build

9. II. Product Based Approach
Prof. Kanchana Devi
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 It consists of producing a Product Breakdown
Structure and a Product Flow Diagram(PFD).
 A PFD can easily be converted into an ordered
list of activities

10. III. The Hybrid Approach
Prof. Kanchana Devi
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 IBM recommend the following five levels
should be used in WBS:
 Level 1: Project
 Level 2:Deliverables
 Level 3: Components
 Level 4: Work-Packages
 Level 5: Tasks

11. Sequencing and Scheduling
Activities11
We
eks
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
A:
B:
C:
D:
E:
F:
G:
H:
I:
A: Overall Design E:Code Module 1 I: System Testing
B: Specify Module 1 F:Code Module 3
C: Specify Module 2G:Code Module 2
D: Specify Module 3H:Integration Testing