This document discusses English auxiliaries and verbal morphology in Swahili. It notes that English auxiliaries occur in a fixed order and only the leftmost auxiliary can move for questions. Swahili attaches subject, tense/aspect, and object prefixes in a fixed order on verbs. The document proposes that each morpheme in Swahili and each auxiliary in English is housed in its own functional projection above the verb phrase, supporting the existence of multiple functional projections. It questions which projection would be the subject position.

1. English auxiliaries are in a fixed orderOnly the leftmost Aux can move to C for yes/no Q’s. John could have been arrested.CouldiJohn ti have been arrested? *Havei John could ti been arrested? *Beeni John could have ti arrested?Only leftmost can make a tag John has been arrested, hasn’t he? *John has been arrested, wasn’t he?

2. Verbal morphology is orderlySwahiliA-ta-ni-piga He will beat meA-me-ni-piga He has beaten meA-me-tu-piga He has beaten usSwahili attaches subject, tense/aspect and object prefixes to the front of the verbLike English auxiliaries, these never change order. *me-tu-a-piga*a-me-piga-tu

3. More than one functional projection?Exploded IP hypothesis or Split INFL Each morpheme of tense and agreement in Swahili is housed in its own projectionAgrSP>Tense/AspectP/AgrOP Each English auxiliary is the head of its own functional projection-> multiple functional projections above VP

4. More functional projectionsEvery new functional projection respects the xbar module. Languages might differ in the series of functional projections above VPProblems?Which functional projection will be the EPP subject position? For the purposes of this course we are going to assume whatever functional projection is highest in declaratives is the subject position = to old [Spec, IP]