The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord. The brain contains three main parts - the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain. The forebrain is the largest area and contains important structures like the thalamus and hypothalamus. The spinal cord extends from the brainstem down the back and acts as a link between the body and brain, coordinating simple reflexes. It contains gray matter in the center and white matter on the outside.

1. Spinal Cord and
Brain

2. Introduction
■ The nervous system divide into two parts:
1. Central nervous system
2. Peripheral nervous system
■ Central nervous system consists of brain and spinal cord.
■ This complex system is part of everything we do. It controls
the things like walk and talk and the things our body does
automatically.
■ The central nervous system is also involved with our
senses as well as our emotions, thoughts, and memory.

3. Brain
■ The brain is a soft, spongy mass of nerve cells and
supportive tissue.
■ It has three major parts: Forebrain, Mid-brain , and Hind-
brain.
■ Fore-Brain: It is the largest area of brain. Following
are the important parts of this region:
1. Thalamus
2. Hypothalamus
3. Cerebrum

4. Brain
 Mid-Brain: It lies between hind-brain and fore-
brain and connect the two. It receive the information
and send it to appropriate part of fore-brain.
 Hind-brain: It is the lower part of brainstem. It
consists of three major parts.
1. Medulla oblongata
2. Cerebellum
3. Pons

6. Spinal cord
 The spinal cord is tubular bundle of nerves. It start
from brain stem and extends to lower back.
 The outer region of spinal cord is made of white
matter.
 The central region is butterfly shaped that surrounds
the central canal. It is made of grey matter.
 Spinal nerve has two roots:
 The dorsal root contains sensory axons and a
ganglion.

7. Spinal cord
 The ventral root contains axons of motor neurons.
 Spinal perform two main functions:
1. It serve as a link between body parts and brain.
2. Spinal cord also acts as a coordinator, responsible for
some simple reflexives.
 Spinal cord is 40cm long and as wide as your thumb
for most of length.