a short presentation about the nervous system

2. Outline
• Organs of the nervous system
• The brain
• Cerebrum
• Lobes of cerebrum
• Cerebellum
• Brain Stem
• Diencephalon
• Central Nervous System
• Peripheral Nervous System
• Autonomic Nervous System
• Somatic Nervous System

3. Organs of the Nervous
System
• Brain
• Spinal Cord
• Nerves

4. The Brain
• It’s one of the largest organs in the body , and coordinates
most body activities.
• It’s the center of all thoughts, memory, judgment, and
emotion.
• Each part of the brain is responsible for controlling
different body functions , such as temperature regulation
and breathing.
• There are 4 sections of the brain : Cerebrum, Cerebellum,
Diencephalon & Brain stem.

6. Cerebrum
• It’s the largest section of the brain.
• It’s located in the upper portion of the brain & is the area that
processes thoughts , judgment, memory, problem solving and
language.
• The outer layers of the cerebrum is the cerebral cortex, which
is composed of folds of gray matter.
• The cerebrum is subdivided into the left and right halves
called cerebral hemispheres. Each hemispheres has 4 lobes.

7. Lobes of the Cerebrum
• Frontal lobe: Most anterior portion of the cerebrum, controls
motor function, personality & speech.
• Parietal lobe : The most superior portion of the cerebrum,
receives and interprets nerve impulses from sensory receptors.
• Occipital lobe: The posterior portion of the cerebrum controls the
Vision.
• Temporal lobe: the left and right lateral portion of the cerebrum
controls hearing and smell.

8. The Cerebellum
• Second largest portion of the brain.
• Located beneath the posterior part of the Cerebrum.
• Aids in coordinating voluntary body movements and
maintaining equilibrium.
• Refines the muscular movement that is initiated in the
cerebrum.

9. Brain Stem
• Midbrain: acts as a pathway for impulses to be conducted
between the brain and spinal cord.
• Pons: means bridge – connects the cerebellum to the rest of the
brain.
• Medulla oblongata: most inferior positioned portion of the
brain, it connects the brain to the spinal cord.

10. Diencephalon
• Lies between the cerebrum and the brain stem.
• Contains relay centers for information entering and exiting the
brain.
• The uppermost relay center is the Thalamus, it directs most
incoming sensory signals to the proper region of the cerebral
cortex.
• The Hypothalamus, Helps maintain homeostasis. It also directly
and indirectly controls much of the body’s hormone production.

11. Central Nervous System (CNS)
• The central nervous system (CNS) is the processing center for the nervous
system. It receives information from and sends information to the
peripheral nervous system.
• The 2 organs of the CNS are the brain and spinal cord. The brain processes
and interprets sensory information sent from the spinal cord.
• Both the brain and spinal cord are protected by three layers of connective
tissue called the meninges.
• Within the central nervous system is a system of hollow cavities called
ventricles.
• The ventricles are filled with cerebrospinal fluid which is produced by
specialized epithelium located within the ventricles called the choroid
plexus.
• Cerebrospinal fluid surrounds, cushions, and protects the brain and spinal
cord from trauma. It also assists in the circulation of nutrients to the brain.

12. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
• Includes 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves.
• A nerve is a group of bundle of axon fibers located outside the
central nervous system (CNS) that carries message between the
CNS and different parts of the body.
• Whether a nerve is spinal or cranial it’s determined by where the
nerve originates.
• Cranial nerves arise from the brain, mainly at the medulla
oblongata.

13. Autonomic Nervous System
• Involved with the control of involuntary or unconscious bodily
functions.
• It is divided into two branches : Sympathetic & Parasympathetic
• The Sympathetic nerves stimulate the body in times of stress and
crisis.
• The Parasympathetic nerves serve as a counterbalance for the
sympathetic nerves.

14. Somatic Nervous System
• Serve the skin and skeletal muscles.
• These are also the nerves that carry motor commands
to skeletal muscles.
• Large variety of sensory receptors found in the dermis
of the skin use somatic nerves to send their
information , such as touch , temperature, pressure,
and pain, to the brain.