The nervous system consists of the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and peripheral nervous system. Neurons are the basic functional units and come in several types - sensory, motor, and interneurons. Sensory neurons transmit impulses to the CNS while motor neurons control muscles. The peripheral nervous system branches throughout the body and contains 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves. The autonomic nervous system controls involuntary functions and has sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.
Unit-I, Chapter_1 Nervous System Final PPT.pptAudumbar Mali
B. Pharm. Sem:-II,
BP 201T. HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY-II (Theory),
Nervous System:
Organization of nervous system, neuron, neuroglia, classification and properties of nerve fibre, electrophysiology, action potential, nerve impulse, receptors, synapse, neurotransmitters. Central nervous system: Meninges, ventricles of brain and
cerebrospinal fluid.structure and functions of brain (cerebrum, brain stem, cerebellum), spinal cord (gross structure, functions of afferent and efferent nerve tracts,reflex activity).
Unit-I, Chapter_1 Nervous System Final PPT.pptAudumbar Mali
B. Pharm. Sem:-II,
BP 201T. HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY-II (Theory),
Nervous System:
Organization of nervous system, neuron, neuroglia, classification and properties of nerve fibre, electrophysiology, action potential, nerve impulse, receptors, synapse, neurotransmitters. Central nervous system: Meninges, ventricles of brain and
cerebrospinal fluid.structure and functions of brain (cerebrum, brain stem, cerebellum), spinal cord (gross structure, functions of afferent and efferent nerve tracts,reflex activity).
The nervous system of vertebrates (including humans) is divided into the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The (CNS) is the major division, and consists of the brain and the spinal cord. The spinal canal contains the spinal cord, while the cranial cavity contains the brain.
Nervous system is the main system of our body and without the nervous system body will not function. it is control the all over body parts , organ function and body movements. Nervous system contain brain and spinal cord both are work with with each other as a coordinator. nervous system is divided in to two parts central nervous system and peripheral nervous system.
The nervous system of vertebrates (including humans) is divided into the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The (CNS) is the major division, and consists of the brain and the spinal cord. The spinal canal contains the spinal cord, while the cranial cavity contains the brain.
Nervous system is the main system of our body and without the nervous system body will not function. it is control the all over body parts , organ function and body movements. Nervous system contain brain and spinal cord both are work with with each other as a coordinator. nervous system is divided in to two parts central nervous system and peripheral nervous system.
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skills
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptxPRIYANKA PATEL
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
ANAMOLOUS SECONDARY GROWTH IN DICOT ROOTS.pptxRASHMI M G
Abnormal or anomalous secondary growth in plants. It defines secondary growth as an increase in plant girth due to vascular cambium or cork cambium. Anomalous secondary growth does not follow the normal pattern of a single vascular cambium producing xylem internally and phloem externally.
ISI 2024: Application Form (Extended), Exam Date (Out), EligibilitySciAstra
The Indian Statistical Institute (ISI) has extended its application deadline for 2024 admissions to April 2. Known for its excellence in statistics and related fields, ISI offers a range of programs from Bachelor's to Junior Research Fellowships. The admission test is scheduled for May 12, 2024. Eligibility varies by program, generally requiring a background in Mathematics and English for undergraduate courses and specific degrees for postgraduate and research positions. Application fees are ₹1500 for male general category applicants and ₹1000 for females. Applications are open to Indian and OCI candidates.
Salas, V. (2024) "John of St. Thomas (Poinsot) on the Science of Sacred Theol...Studia Poinsotiana
I Introduction
II Subalternation and Theology
III Theology and Dogmatic Declarations
IV The Mixed Principles of Theology
V Virtual Revelation: The Unity of Theology
VI Theology as a Natural Science
VII Theology’s Certitude
VIII Conclusion
Notes
Bibliography
All the contents are fully attributable to the author, Doctor Victor Salas. Should you wish to get this text republished, get in touch with the author or the editorial committee of the Studia Poinsotiana. Insofar as possible, we will be happy to broker your contact.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
2. What is the
nervous
system?
The nervous system consists of two divisions: the
central nervous system containing the brain and
spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system
which is a network of nerves and neural tissues
branching out throughout the body.
3. Types of
neurons…
Neurons are the
nerve cells, the
structural and
functional units of
the nervous
system.
They conduct impulses that enable the body to
interact with its internal and external
environments. There are various types of neurons.
The tissues that support the nerve cells is called
neuroglia (nur ROH glee ah).
4. Types of neurons…
The motor neurons
usually have one axon
and several dendrites.
The axon is covered with
a insulating fatty layer
called a myelin sheath,
and transmits signals a
long distance from the
neuron to the area to be
activated. Dendrites are
short and unsheathed.
Motor neurons cause muscle contractions and
control secretions from glands and organs…
controlling body functions.
5. Types of neurons…
Sensory neurons do not have true dendrites. They
are attached to sensory receptors and transmit
impulses to the central nervous system, which then
stimulate the interneurons, and then motor neurons.
Interneurons are located entirely within the central
nervous system. They intercept the impulses from
the sensory neurons and transmit the signals to
the motor neurons.
NERVE RECEPTORS
SENSORY NEURONS
INTERNEURONS
MOTOR NEURONS
6. Nerve fibers…
There are no Schwann cells on nerve fibers in the
central nervous system, therefore damage to those
nerve fibers is not reversible. A bundle of nerve fibers is
simply called ‘a nerve’. AFFERENT nerves conduct
impulses to the central nervous system; EFFERENT
nerves conduct impulses to the muscles, organs, and
glands.
Schwann cells, only
found on peripheral
nerves which can
regenerate
Myelin sheath, a fatty
layer of insulation on
some nerve fibers
The axon that transmits
the message
7. Nerve impulses are transmitted via branches
called synapses. The synapses are connectors…
hooking dendrites and axons from one neuron to
another.
Synapses…
The number of
synapses
influences
transmission.
That number can
decrease with
disease, lack of
stimulation, drug
use, etc.
8. Gray and white matter of the central
nervous system…
The brain and spinal
cord of the central
nervous system receive
impulses, process the
information, and
respond with the
appropriate action.
Gray matter of the brain and spinal cord consists
of unsheathed nerve fibers (cannot be regenerated
if damaged) in the cortex or surface layer. The
white matter makes up the internal structure, and
consists of myelinated nerve fibers.
9. Brain and spinal cord meninges…
The brain and
spinal cord are
enclosed by 3
membranes,
collectively
known as the
meninges
(meh NĬN jeez):
the outside membrane is the dura mater
(DUR ah may ter); the middle membrane is the
arachnoid (ah RACK noid); the inside membrane
is the pia mater (PIE ah may ter).
10. Parts of the brain…the cerebrum
Taking up 7/8ths of the
brain’s weight, the
cerebrum governs all
sensory and motor
activity. This includes
sensory perception,
emotions, consciousness,
memory, and voluntary
movements.
It is divided into the left and right hemispheres.
The surface or cortex is arranged in bulging folds,
each one called a gyrus (JĪ rus), and furrows,
each one called a sulcus (SULL kus).
11. Parts of the brain…the cerebrum
The cortex is also divided
into 4 lobes that
correspond to the
overlying bones of the
skull: the frontal lobe
specializes in motor
activity, personality, and
speech; the parietal lobe
is where language,
temperature, pressure,
touch are interpreted;
the temporal lobe contains centers for hearing,
smell, and language input; the occipital lobe
specializes in vision.
12. Parts of the brain…the cerebellum
The cerebellum is the
second largest part of
the brain. It contains
nerve fibers that
connect it to every part
of the central nervous
system. It coordinates
voluntary and
involuntary patterns of
movements. It also
adjusts muscles to
automatically maintain
posture.
13. Parts of the brain…
the diencephalon
The diencephalon
(die en SEPH ah lon)
refers to the
thalamus and
hypothalamus. The
thalamus is the relay
center for all sensory
impulses except
olfactory (sense of
smell) and motor
areas of the cortex.
The hypothalamus regulates behavior and emotional
expression, body temperature, and many metabolic
activities. Attached to the pituitary gland, it also
controls hormonal secretions of this gland.
14. Parts of the brain… the brainstem
The brainstem consists of 3 structures: the gray
matter of the midbrain control visual reflexes and
sense of hearing. The white matter of the pons plays
a role in regulating visceral (internal organ) control.
The medulla
oblongata connects
the rest of the brain
to the spinal cord. It
regulates breathing,
swallowing,
coughing, sneezing,
vomiting, heartbeat,
and blood pressure.
15. The spinal cord…
The spinal cord has 31
segments: 8 cervical
segments that correspond
to the C1-C8 vertebrae; 12
thoracic segments
corresponding to the T1-
T12 vertebrae; 5 lumbar
segments corresponding
to L1-L5 vertebrae, 5
sacral segments
corresponding to S1-S5
vertebrae, and 1
coccygeal (cock SĬJ ee ul)
segment.
The 44 cm long spinal
cord is shorter than
the spinal column, so
segments do not
perfectly correspond
to the vertebrae.
16. The spinal cord…
At each segment of the spinal cord, left and right
pairs of sensory and motor nerves branch out and
connect to the peripheral nervous system.
Impulses travel back and forth to the brain and
back to the muscles.
17. Cerebrospinal fluid…
A colorless fluid is produced in the ventricles of the
brain; it surrounds the brain and spinal cord. It is
called cerebrospinal fluid, and it cushions the brain
and cord from shocks that could cause injury. It is
maintained at a level around 1/2 - 2/3 cup.
18. Peripheral nervous system…
The network of nerves
branching out
throughout the body
from the brain and
spinal cord is called the
peripheral nervous
system. In addition to
the 31 pairs of spinal
nerves mentioned in the
slides on the spinal
cord, there are 12 pairs
of cranial nerves that
attach to the brain:
I. The olfactory nerve
carries sensory input
for smell
19. Peripheral nervous system…
II. The optic nerve
carries sensory input
for vision
III. The oculomotor nerve
controls muscles of
the eye and eyelid
IV. The trochlear nerve
(TRŎK lee ur) controls
the eyeball
V. The trigeminal nerve
(try JEM ǐ nul) controls
the face, nose, mouth,
forehead, top of head,
and jaw.
VI. The abducens
nerve (ab DŪ senz)
also controls the
eyeball
20. Peripheral nervous system…
VII. The facial nerve
controls muscles
of the face and
scalp, and part of
the tongue for
sense of taste.
VIII. The auditory or
cochlear nerve
provides sensory
input for hearing and equilibrium.
IX. The glossopharyngeal (gloss oh fair INJ ee al)
nerve controls saliva, swallowing, and taste.
21. Peripheral nervous system…
X. The vagus (VĀ gus) nerve
is the longest cranial
nerve, extending to and
controlling the heart,
lungs, stomach, and
intestines.
XI. The accessory nerve
permits movement of the
head and shoulders.
XII.The hypoglassal nerve
(hī pah GLOSS ul)
controls the muscles of
the tongue.
22. The autonomic
nervous system is a
part of the peripheral
nervous system.. it
controls the
involuntary bodily
functions such as
sweating, gland
secretions, blood
pressure, and the
heart. It is divided into
the ‘sympathetic’ and
‘parasympathetic’
divisions.
Autonomic nervous system…
23. The sympathetic
nervous system is
responsible for the
‘flight or fight’
responses… increased
alertness, metabolic
rate, respiration, blood
pressure, heart rate,
and sweating AND a
Autonomic nervous system…
decrease in digestive and urinary function. The
parasympathetic nervous system counteracts the
responses of the sympathetic system… restoring
homeostasis.