export performance of selected spices in india

1. 1

2. Export Performance of Selected Spices in
India
2

3. Road map
1. Export of spices from India
2. Commodity- wise export performance
3. Zone- wise export performance of spices
4. Spice value chain
5. Constraints in increasing the export of spices
6. Good agricultural practice for Export of spices
7. Organizations engaged in research, development and
exports promotion of spice 3

4. Introduction
• India is known as land of spices
• Indian Spices occupy a share of 44% in quantity and 36% in
value
• Out of total spices (107), 63 spices varieties are grown in India
• Major spices- Black pepper, Cardamom, chillies, turmeric and
ginger
• Minor spices- Cumin, garlic, coriander, Mustard and saffron
• India’s total spices export was 3,73,750 tonnes

5. Table-1 Export of spices from India during 2005-06 and 2006-07
ITEM 2005-06 2006-07(E)
QTY
(M.T)
QTY
(%)
VALUE
(Rs.lakh)
VALUE
(%)
QTY
(M.T)
QTY (%) VALUE
(Rs.lakh)
VALUE
(%)
Pepper 17,363 4.95 15,094.81 5.74 28,750 7.69 30,620 8.56
Cardamom (S) 863 0.24 2,682.13 1.02 650 0.17 2,236 0.63
Cardamom(L) 1,046 0.29 1,154.65 0.44 1,500 0.4 1,695 0.47
Chilli 113,174 32.30 40,300.51 15.30 148,500 39.70 80,775 22.60
Ginger 9,411 2.68 4,295.52 1.63 7,500 2.01 3,975 1.11
Turmeric 46,405 13.24 15,286.02 5.82 51,500 13.8 16,480 4.61
Coriander 23,756 6.78 6,770.73 2.58 20,500 5.48 7,462 2.09
Cumin 12,879 3.67 9,819.07 3.74 26,000 6.96 20,150 5.64
Celery 4,165 1.18 1,500.64 0.57 3,550 0.95 1,320.5 0.37
Fennel 5,725 1.63 2,782.33 1.06 3,575 0.96 2,380 0.67
Fenugreek 15,525 4.43 3,402.87 1.30 8,500 2.27 2,698.50 0.75
Cont… 5

6. Garlic 34,688 9.90 4,798.38 1.83 11,500 3.08 2,127.5 0.59
Nutmeg &
Mace
1,530 0.43 3,117.21 1.19 2,100 0.56 4,273.5 1.2
Vanilla 72 0.02 1,226.80 0.47 125 0.03 1,995.5 0.56
Curry
Powder
9,340 2.66 7,838.03 2.98 9,500 2.54 8,692.5 2.43
Mint
Products(3)
14,544 4.15 81,320.66 30.9 16,250 4.35 110,095 30.8
Oils
&Oleoresin
s
6,074 1.73 50,557.34 19.2 6,250 1.67 51,079 14.3
TOTAL 350,360 100 262,762.46 100 373,750 100 357575 100
Source: spices export review 2006-07
Cont…
6

7. COMMODITY -WISE EXPORT PERFORMANCE OF SPICES
Pepper
• Pepper is native of India
• Pepper cultivated is black and white pepper
• It is popularly called as Black gold
•Pepper also has medicinal property
• In 2006-07 India has exported 28,750 tonnes
• Pepper exports rose from 17,363 to 28,750 tonnes from 2006-07.
• Vietnam and Indonesia are the largest competitors to India. 7

8. Source: spices export review 2006-07
Table-2: Area and production of pepper in India
8
Year Area(Ha) Production
(Tonnes)
1989-90 171490 55190
1990-91 173430 47950
1991-92 184200 52010
1992-93 189390 50760
1993-94 190990 51320
1994-95 193270 60740
1995-96 198870 70230
1996-97 180260 55590
1997-98 181500 57300
1998-99 239800 75700
1999-00 195600 59000
2000-01 213900 63700
2001-02 219400 62400
2002-03 216000 64000
2003-04 233400 73200
2004-05 228300 73000
2005-06 260200 92900

9. Fig: 1 Area and Production of Pepper in India
9
Source: spices export review 2006-07

10. Countries
QTY
( Tonnes)
value
(Rs. Lakh)
USA 40594.00 35555.38
U K 7537.00 7162.21
Canada 6288.64 5272.11
Italy 5540.13 4746.76
Germany 5456.43 6633.79
Australia 3405.83 3261.94
Netherlands 3366.39 2900.43
Belgium 3004.05 2996.04
Japan 2718.73 2715.74
France 2044.53 1842.55
TABLE-3: Quantity and value of Pepper exports to major countries from India
(2002 -07)
Source: spices export review 2006-07
10

11. Fig: 2 Quantity and value of Pepper exports to major countries from India (2002
-07)
11

12. Export of pepper to major countries
12
Countries 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07
Germany 765.06 907.07 1031.9 1346.4 1406
Italy 1440.43 1077.5 973.3 797.8 1251.1
Canada 2226.35 911.4 979.79 1064.4 1106.7
U K 1081 1166 1310 1977 2003
USA 9658 5872 4582 6596 13886
QUANTITY IN TONNES

13. 13

14. ITEM WISE EXPORT OF SPICES FROM INDIA
Table -16 PEPPER
ITEM 2006-07
QTY (tonnes) Percent VALUE(Rs. Lakh) Percent
BLACK PEPPER 18726.4 65.18 19898.5 65.02
PEPPER PINHEADS 209.4 0.72 75.3 0.24
MILLED/
CURSHED PEPPER
3200.5 11.14 3096.6 10.11
PEPPER POWDER 3509.1 12.21 3564.0 11.64
PEPPER WHITE 452.1 1.57 718.3 2.34
DEHY. GREEN
PEPPER
453.2 1.57 970.4 3.17
FR.DR.GREEN
PEPPER
12.3 0.04 118.3 0.38
WHITE PEPPER
POWDER
1102.5 3.83 1591.6 5.20
PEPPER IN BRINE 1048.5 3.64 549.0 1.79
PINK PEPPER IN
BRINE
12.4 0.04 17.1 0.05
ITEM TOTAL 28750.0 100.00 30620.0 100
14
Source: spices export review 2006-07

15. Advantages in pepper trade
• Higher returns in pepper trade
• USA being the major potential market has given
good returns
• Consumer preference to Indian pepper is more in
the major buyers of the world
• Export competitiveness is more in case of India.
15

16. Cardamom
•It is referred as “Queen of Spices”
•cardamom cultivated more in evergreen forest of western Ghats
•It is used as flavorings in both food and drink
•Nepal is the world’s largest producer of cardamom
•During 2006-07 India exported 650 tonnes of cardamom
•Guatemala is the worlds largest trader of Cardamom.
16

17. countries 2003 2004 2005 2006
Saudi Arabia 11218 10418 11467 10912
UAE 2815 2123 3237 2508
Syria 1885 2729 2614 3518
Jordan 1247 2010 3419 1516
pakistan 1650 1424 1454 1751
Table 4: Import of cardamom(small) by major countries
Quantity in Tonnes
Source: spices export review 2006-07 17

18. FIG: 3 Import of cardamom(small) by major countries
18

19. Table-5: Major cardamom importing countries from India in terms of
quantities and values (2002-03 to 2006-07)
Source: Spices export review 2006-07 19
countries 2002-03 2003-04 2003-04 2004-05 2006-07
Saudi arabia 347.65 408 286.11 511.23 407.15
Japan 242.67 218.81 250.47 225.36 36.44
Malaysia 13 31 29 35 20
Nepal 0 118.36 0 0 0
U K 4 10 13 20 19

20. Fig: 4 Major cardamom importing countries from India in terms of
quantities (2002-03 to 2006-07) 20

21. 21
ITEM 2006-07
QTY Percent VALUE Percent
CARDAMOM(S) 550.0 90.19 1985.9 94.73
CARDAMOM(S) SEED 2.0 0.32 5.3 0.25
CARDAMOM(S)
POWDER
57.8 9.47 105.0 5.00
ITEM TOTAL 650.0 100 2236.0 100
ITEM WISE EXPORT

22. Advantages in cardamom trade
• High returns due to the high value of the
commodity
• Shelf life is more and less losses during transit
• India is the second largest in the cardamom
commodity trade
• Preference of UAE nations towards Indian
cardamom.
22

23. Chilli
•Indian name for chilli is Mirchi
•Chilly is native of South America
•It has some medicinal value
•During 2006-07 chilli export was 1,48,500 tonnes
•Major competitors are Southern Brazil and other central
American regions.
23

24. Table 6: Area and Production of Chilli in India (1989-2006)
Source: spices export review 2006-07 24
Year
Area Production
(Ha) (Tonnes)
1989-90 907800 801500
1990-91 816200 719000
1991-92 846300 617500
1992-93 962100 862100
1993-94 930000 800100
1994-95 829200 794700
1995-96 883700 809700
1996-97 944200 1066000
1997-98 840600 870100
1998-99 891200 1043200
1999-00 959200 1052800
2000-01 836500 983700
2001-02 880000 1069000
2002-03 828600 896900
2003-04 774300 1235700
2004-05 737500 1185500
2005-06 654000 1014600

25. Fig-5: Area and Production of Chilli in India (1989-2006)
25

26. Table 7: Major Chilli importing countries from India in terms of quantities
(2002-2007)
Source: spices export review 2006-07 26
countries 2002-03 2003-04 2003-04 2004-05 2006-07
UAE 3565.13 4541.6 6113.2 8737 11818
USA 16970 13349 19474 16580 13058
Bangladesh 16497.6 13860 22961 670.7 28425
Malaysia 3879 8380 27421 26804 43625
Srilanka 21996.7 24980 30326 27582 21822

27. Fig-6: Major chilli importing countries from India in terms of
quantities and values (2002-07)
27

28. ITEM 2006-07
QTY Percent VALUE Percent
CHILLI DRY 112428.1 75.92 62441.7 77.48
CHILLI SEED 113.8 0.07 29.0 0.03
CHILLI FRESH/
CHILD
9317.3 6.29 2151.6 2.67
CHILLI
POWDER
20931.2 14.13 12326.5 15.29
CHILLI
CRUSHED
5088.4 3.43 3519.4 4.36
CHILLI PASTE 27.3 0.01 14.7 0.01
CHILLI
PICKLE
85.0 0.05 59.3 0.07
OTHER CHILLI 90.7 0.06 40.1 0.04
ITEM TOTAL 148500.0 100 80775.0 100
Table 19: CHILLI
Source: spices export review 2006-07 28

29. Advantages in Chilli trade
• Highest traded spice commodity from India
• Good value returns in chilli trade
• Indian chilli is both preferred for its hotness
and colour
• Indian chilli has good qualities for processing.
29

30. Coriander
•It is native of East and Southern Europe
•All parts of plant are useful
•It also has medicinal value
•During 2006-07 coriander export was 20,500 tonnes
30

31. Table 8: Area and Production of coriander in India (1989-2006)
Source: spices export review 2006-07
31
Year Area(Ha)
Production
(tonnes)
1989-90 341400 149600
1990-91 378600 220500
1991-92 349700 158500
1992-93 402600 191500
1993-94 464800 203700
1994-95 430400 193000
1995-96 407600 196100
1996-97 452700 255500
1997-98 656500 337700
1998-99 525800 292400
1999-00 415100 239300
2000-01 353600 231000
2001-02 429200 319400
2002-03 243300 164900
2003-04 483500 389800
2004-05 348900 248000
2005-06 340400 223400

32. Fig-7: Area and Production of coriander in India (1989-2006)
32

33. Table 9: Major coriander importing countries from India in terms
of Quantity and value (2002-2007)
Source: spices export review 2006-07 33
Countries 2002-03 2003-01 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07
Singapore 1941.74 1832.5 1514.8 1104.3 1548.7
U K 1447 1720 1681 1691 1818
Pakistan 13.24 261.54 7995.6 3426.4 1264.2
UAE 1487.34 2836.4 4215 3208.4 3635.8
Malaysia 6720 6193 6076 7530 5899

34. Fig-8: Major coriander importing countries from India in terms of Quantity
and value (2002-07)
34

35. Advantages in coriander trade
• India is the largest producer of coriander in
World
• Demand for coriander is more from Muslim
dominated countries
• High demand from processing sectors
35

36. Garlic
•It is the native of South-Western Asia
•It has medicinal value
•India is second largest producer of Garlic
•During 2006-07 country exported 11,500 tonnes of
Garlic
•South korea is the largest consumer and India, China and
Mexico are the largest exporters 36

37. Table 10: Area and Production of Garlic in India (1990-
2006)
Source: spices export review 2006-07
37
Year Area(ha) Production(tonnes)
1989-90 85,400 332700
1990-91 90,100 350400
1991-92 94,300 370700
1992-93 85,500 355800
1993-94 76,200 306000
1994-95 98,900 403300
1995-96 114800 490000
1996-97 94,300 437900
1997-98 108800 484400
1998-99 123200 570700
1999-00 124600 524600
2000-01 69200 247100
2001-02 92200 386300
2002-03 98200 411400
2003-04 138900 691100
2004-05 144100 646600
2005-06 134900 598200

38. Fig-9: Area and Production of Garlic in India (1990-2006) 38

39. Countries
Quantity
(Tonnes)
Value(Rs.lakh)
Bangladesh 29419.9 2823.1
Pakistan 8799.4 1474.5
Malaysia 6510.0 1146.7
UAE 1507.8 800.7
Nepal 1358.5 357.7
Netherlands 899.6 620.8
Japan 770.7 453.1
U K 764.0 340.0
USA 363.0 203.3
Germany 259.2 134.2
Table 11: Major Garlic importing countries from India in terms of Quantity
and Value (2002-07)
Source: spices export review 2006-07
39

40. Fig-10: Major Garlic importing countries from India in terms of
Quantity and Value (2002-07)
40

41. 41
Countries 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07
Netherlands 80 456.3 268 78.85 16.51
Nepal 75.47 292.4 334.14 656.53 0
UAE 344.81 894.41 62.26 76.53 129.82
Malaysia 55 12 34 2688 3721
Pakistan 0 0 1030.7 7723.7 45
Bangladesh 381.2 1245.9 769 21197 5826.8
Garlic exports to major countries from India

42. 42

43. ITEM 2006-07
QTY Percent VALUE Percent
GARLIC 10446.6 92.77 1616.1 77.38
DEHY.GARLIC FLAKES 47.7 0.42 34.8 1.66
DEHY.GARLIC POWDER 467.7 4.15 261.7 12.53
GARLIC PASTE 105.2 0.93 75.3 3.60
GARLIC PICKLE 192.5 1.70 100.4 4.80
ITEM TOTAL 11500.0 100 2127.5 100
Table 20: GARLIC
Source: spices export review 2006-07
43

44. Advantages of garlic trade
• India is the largest producer
• Garlic has great demand from neighboring
countries
• Has good demand from processing sectors.
44

45. Tamarind
•It is the native of Tropical Africa
•It has medicinal value
•It is used for wine making
•Roasted seeds are grounded and used as adulterant in
coffee
45

46. Countries
Quantity
(Tonnes)
Value
(Rs.lakh)
U K 365.00 188.17
USA 276.00 165.49
Australia 75.12 46.59
Saudi Arabia 72.22 42.78
Germany 61.70 44.43
Canada 48.74 23.93
UAE 43.69 15.44
Singapore 28.73 11.78
Indonesia 20.00 9.27
Japan 13.31 11.29
Table 12: Quantity and Value of Tamarind exports to Major
countries from India (2002-2007)
Source: spices export review 2006-07
46

47. Fig-11: Quantity and Value of Tamarind exports to Major countries
from India (2002-2007)
47

48. 48
Countries 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07
Germany 21.7 39.98 0 0 0.02
Saudi Arabia 69.8 1.78 0.06 0.55 0.03
Australia 48.82 21.25 0 2.57 2.48
USA 203 67 2 1 3
U K 196 108 15 15 31
Export of tamarind from India

49. 49

50. 50
ITEM
2006-07
QTY Percent VALUE Percent
TAMARIND
DRY
10054.2 99.25 2933.6 97.73
TAMARIND
POWDER
4.7 0.04 4.8 0.15
TAMARIND
CONCENTRAT
23.5 0.23 29.2 0.97
TAMARIND
PASTE
47.1 0.46 33.9 1.12
ITEM TOTAL 10129.5 100 3001.5 100
Item Wise Exports

51. Turmeric
•It is originated in the parts of Western India
•It has many medicinal prosperities
•It is used to give golden colour to foods
•Major exporting countries are India, Thailand, Taiwan and other
south east Asia
51

52. Years Area(Ha)
Growth
Prodn Growth
(Area)% (Tonnes) (prodn)%
1989-90 124000 - 459500 -
1990-91 119000 -4.03 342400 -25.50
1991-92 120300 1.09 373200 9.00
1992-93 130200 8.22 407700 9.24
1993-94 148400 13.98 707400 73.50
1994-95 149400 0.67 622000 -12.10
1995-96 139300 -6.76 462900 -25.60
1996-97 135200 -2.94 528900 14.30
1997-98 139700 3.32 549200 3.84
1998-99 160700 15.03 597900 8.87
1999-00 141200 -12.10 668500 11.80
2000-01 191700 35.76 714300 6.85
2001-02 167100 -12.80 562800 -21.20
2002-03 154200 -7.72 573900 1.97
2003-04 150100 -2.66 564900 -1.57
2004-05 158700 5.73 718100 27.10
2005-06 172000 8.38 851700 18.60
Table 13: Area and Production of Turmeric in India (1990-2006)
Source: spices export review 2006-07
52

53. Fig-12: Area and Production of Turmeric in India (1990-2006)
53

54. Countries
Quantity
(tonnes)
Value
(Rs. Lakhs)
UAE 32362.36 9140.38
Bangladesh 21342.65 5312.88
USA 15398.00 6861.25
Srilanka 15246.95 2877.47
Japan 13234.04 5814.38
U K 12310.00 4892.87
Malaysia 11558.00 4386.79
South africa 8597.59 3072.50
Netherlands 8118.38 3255.16
Table 14: Quantity and Value of Turmeric exports to major
countries from India (2002-2007)
Source: spices export review 2006-07 54

55. Fig-13: Quantity and Value of Turmeric exports to major countries
from India (2002-2007) 55

56. 56
Countries 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07
U K 2006 2060 2576 2772 2896
Bangladesh 1580.85 3546.8 6345.3 5830.5 4039.2
Japan 2614.04 2694.3 2685.5 2608.3 2631.9
USA 3914 3880 2508 2635 2461
UAE 4724.06 7238.6 5214.9 7361 7823.8
Export Of Turmeric From India

57. 57

58. Advantages of Turmeric trade
• Has high demand from UAE and USA
• Indian turmeric is known for its colour and
flavour
• India is the largest producers of turmeric.
58

59. ZONE 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07
QTY. VALUE QTY. VALUE QTY. VALUE
AMERICA 54,025 62,361.31 54,532 71,318.50 58,828 93,650.02
EUROPEN
UNION
37,187 49,361.59 40,700 56,953.18 40,103 63,485.73
CIS
COUNTRI
ES
2,959 1,585.46 2,608 1,348.10 3,712 2,211.94
EAST
ASIA
182,006 88,100.94 174,838 96,950.97 182,969 133,088.01
WEST
ASIA
47,282 20,458.90 51,675 21,635.61 57,486 27,421.98
AFRICA 19,846 8,269.92 20,476 8,809.02 16,395 9,889.82
AUST.&
OCEANIC
3,926 3,484.65 4,028 3,874.17 4,535 4,975.78
OTHERS 1,292 1,429.12 1,507 1,872.88 9,721 22,851.72
TOTAL 348,524 235,051.89 350,363 262,762.43 373,750 357,575.00
Table15: Zone-wise export of spices from India
Source: spices export review 2006-07
59

60. ITEM 2006-07
QTY Percent VALUE Percent
CARDAMOM(S) 550.0 90.19 1985.9 94.73
CARDAMOM(S) SEED 2.0 0.32 5.3 0.25
CARDAMOM(S)
POWDER
57.8 9.47 105.0 5.00
ITEM TOTAL 650.0 100 2236.0 100
Table 17: CARDAMOM (SMALL)
ITEM
2006-07
QTY Percent VALUE Percent
TAMARIND
DRY
10054.2 99.25 2933.6 97.73
TAMARIND
POWDER
4.7 0.04 4.8 0.15
TAMARIND
CONCENTRAT
23.5 0.23 29.2 0.97
TAMARIND
PASTE
47.1 0.46 33.9 1.12
ITEM TOTAL 10129.5 100 3001.5 100
Table 18: TAMARIND
Source: spices export review 2006-07
60

61. Spice growers
Fresh green spices Spice powder
Traders
Spices mixes
(masala)
Dried graded spices
Spice oleoresins
Pickled spices
and sauces
Spice oils
Pharmaceuticals
Export market
Domestic markets
6. Spice value chain
61

62. 7. Constraints in exporting of spices:
1.Lack of coordination among different R &D establishment’s results in
poor dissemination of the technology and information to the farm level.
2. Lack of awareness among farmers about export quality.
3. Low productivity per unit area.
4. Sub division and fragmented land holdings.
5. Unorganized domestic market base.
6. No clear cut and consistent export policy.
7. Lack of post harvest infrastructure like grading centers, cold storages,
processing house and export house etc. 62

63. 8. Good marketing practice for Export of spices
• Maintain quality and consistency in the quality
• Maintaining hygiene conditions in storage and transit
• More emphasis on targeting major countries
• Timely meeting up of commitments
• Meet the quarantine requirements of major buyers
• Produce and process keeping in view consumer preference in domestic
and international markets
• Use proper packaging material to reduce post harvest quantity and
quality losses.
• Strengthen the promotional strategies to attract large buyers. .63

64. 9. Organizations engaged in research, development and
exports promotion of spices:
There are different organizations at national level to undertake
R&D and promotion of spice export:-
•Indian institute of spices research
•Directorate of Arecanut and Spices Development
•The spice board
64

65. 10. Conclusion
•Spice sector in the country plays an important role in Indian economy
•Various institutions such as spices board should play an important role
•More focus on the value addition and subsequent promotional measures
•The emergence of markets like Malaysia, Srilanka, China, Indonesia
and South Africa
•Focus on improving the quality standards and keeping up with the
Quarantine requirements of major countries.
65

66. 66