The document discusses parameters for evaluating semen quality in dogs and other species. The key parameters mentioned are total sperm count, sperm motility, and sperm morphology. A normal sperm count for dogs is 200-400 million sperm, with over 90% showing normal morphology and progressive motility. The document also provides information on semen characteristics and definitions of abnormal semen parameters for various farm animals and dogs.

2. Total sperm count per ejaculate (normal in dogs is 200–
400+ million), morphology (>90% normal) and
sperm motility (normal >90% progressively motile, with
moderate to fast speed).
http://www.fertility-docs.com/programs-and-services/sperm-evaluation/sperm-and-semen-testing.php
Інформація з
http://www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/management_and_nutrition/management_of_reproduction_small_animals/breeding_soundness_examination_of_s
mall_animals.html
Generally, there basic parameters that are measured to evaluate semen
quality: Concentration, motility, morphology

3. Semen samples from a bull
(left) and dog (right), showing
differences in opacity and
concentration
Semen from most species is homogeneous in consistency,
and the presence of flakes or small clumps usually
indicates an inflammatory process in the reproductive
tract and the male. Such semen should not be used for
insemination and the male should be examined to
diagnose and treat the condition.
Blood in a canine ejaculate
(hemospermia)
Інформація з http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/reprod/semeneval/conc.html

4. The sperm count (sperm/mL) is usually determined with
a hemocytometer or by spectrophotometry.

6. • Count sperm in five "large"
squares (each corner square
and the center as indicated by X
in figure).
• Count squares in which the
head is located; ignore the tail.
• Multiply by 10,000,000 (total in
five squares) to get sperm/ml.
Determining Sperm Numbers
with a Hemocytometer

7. Semen Characteristics of Farm Animals
Cattle
Dairy Beef Sheep Swine Horses
Volume (ml) 6 4 1 225 60
Sperm conc. 1.2 1.0 3.0 0.2 0.15
(109/ml)
Motile sperm 70 65 75 60 70
(%)
Morphologically 80 80 90 60 70
normal sperm (%)
Ejaculate/wk 4 4 20 3 3

8. Sperm per ejaculate is
calculated by multiplying
the sperm count by the
volume of semen
collected.

9. Definitions of "abnormal" counts:
 Polyzoospermia: Excessively high sperm concentration
 Oligozoospermia: Sperm count less than 20 million/ml
 Hypospermia: Semen volume < 1.5 ml
 Hyperspermia: Semen volume > 5.5 ml
 Aspermia: No semen volume
 Pyospermia: Leukocytes present in semen
 Hematospermia: Red blood cells present in semen
 Asthenozoospermia: Sperm motility < 40%
 Teratozoospermia: > 40% of sperm seen are of abnormal form
 Necrozoospermia: Nonviable ("dead") sperm
 Oligoasthenozoospermia: Motile density<8 million sperm/ml
Джерело інформації: http://www.fertility-docs.com/programs-and-services/sperm-evaluation/sperm-and-semen-testing.php

10. In general:
 a young mature dog (2-4 years of age) will have a higher
sperm count and better quality semen than older dogs or
young, immature dogs.
 sperm production is related to testicular size, so large dogs
should produce higher sperm counts (of sperm cells) than
small dogs.
Інформація з книги: Animal Andrology: Theories and Applications by Peter J Chenoweth, Steven Lorton
Окружність мошонки

11. There are, of course, huge differences among species
in sperm concentration and ejaculate volume. There is
also considerable variability in these parameters among
males of a single species.
Finally, sperm numbers and ejaculate volume are
affected by sexual activity; ejaculates will have fewer
sperm when collected during a sexually active period
compared to that collected after a period of sexual rest.