A semen analysis, also known as a seminogram, evaluates the health and viability of a man's sperm to determine male fertility issues. The test assesses factors such as sperm count, shape, movement, and hormonal levels, with preparation guidelines including abstaining from ejaculation and avoiding certain substances before testing. Abnormal results may indicate infertility, infections, hormonal imbalances, diseases, or genetic defects, necessitating further investigation by a reproductive specialist.

1. PRESENTED BY
MARTIN SHAJI
PHARM D
SEMEN ANALYSIS
(Test , Procedure & Results)
-Medical information

2. Introduction
A semen analysis, also called seminogram, or spermiogram
evaluates certain characteristics of a male's semen and the sperm
contained therein. It is done to help evaluate male fertility, whether
for those seeking pregnancy or verifying the success of vasectomy.
Semen analysis, also known as a sperm count test, analyzes the
health and viability of a man’s sperm. Semen is the fluid
containing sperm (plus other sugar and protein substances) that’s
released during ejaculation.

3. A semen analysis measures three major factors of sperm health:
the number of sperm
the shape of the sperm
the movement of the sperm, also known as “sperm motility”

4. Therefore, males must bear male fertility assessments to find
attainable infertility issues when a pair is trying to turn out to be
pregnant and conceive.
Semen Test in Lab

5. Male fertility tests
The assessment of male infertility should begin with a consultation
with the urologist. The urologist will likely conduct an interview
and a primary exam that includes a medical and reproductive
history study, a study of any surgery the patient may have had, and
medications the patient is taking.
Questions about the medical history, lifestyle, physical exercise,
eating habits, consumption of tobacco, alcohol, and medicines will
assist decide the attainable causes of the male infertility drawback.

6. Subsequently, an examination of the testicles, their measurement,
and particularly the attainable presence of varicose veins within
the testicles need to be carried out. Varicocele is an abnormality
that happens within the type of varicose veins and dilation
within the veins of the spermatic twine. It is the reason for 16% of
instances of male infertility.

7. An infertility specialist ought to carry out a semen evaluation. The
commonest take a look at is the seminogram,
which evaluates the amount of semen,
the variety of sperm,
its morphology, mobility,
and different sperm variables.
This takes a look at ought to embody blood take a look at to
check hormone ranges of testosterone and prolactin, amongst
different hormones associated with sperm manufacturing.

8. How to prepare for semen analysis
Your doctor will let you know what you should do in preparation
for the semen analysis. It’s very important to follow these
instructions for accurate results.
To get the best sample:
Avoid ejaculation for 24 to 72 hours before the test.
Avoid alcohol, caffeine, and drugs such as cocaine and marijuana two to
five days before the test.
Stop taking any herbal medications, such as St. John’s wort and echinacea,
as instructed by your healthcare provider.

9. Avoid any hormone medications as instructed by your healthcare
provider.
Discuss any medications you’re taking with your doctor.

10. Generally, an excessive variety of sperm with pure morphology
means larger fertility. But exceptions might happen, as many
males with low sperm rely upon or irregular sperm rely are
nonetheless fertile. About 15% of infertile males have numerous
regular sperm
There might also be a case of azoospermia, a natural dysfunction
during which the person has a virtually full absence of sperm in
his semen. Sometimes this drawback is because of a blockage that
may be corrected with surgical procedure. Other issues associated
with ejaculation are untimely ejaculation, or delayed ejaculation.
Also, this takes a look at may also detect issues associated with an
infection within the reproductive system

11. Studying the degrees of hormones that management sperm
manufacturing, particularly follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
and testosterone, could also be crucial. However, hormones are
solely the reason for male infertility in 3% of instances.
Finally, there are different further assessments, akin to genetic
assessments, that may be carried out by the specialist in
reproductive medication if, with the seminogram, blood and
hormonal assessments haven't detected the issue of infertility.

12. In any case, when confronted with a pair's infertility drawback, it is
strongly recommended that you simply go to a specialist in
reproductive medication to check the reason for infertility in a
customized manner, recommending essentially the most
appropriate assessments for diagnosing the issue, and at last, the
therapy of fertility extra appropriate to have the ability to get
pregnant.
Close Microscopic Analysis

13. What are normal results?
After your semen sample is collected, your test results should be ready
within 24 hours to one week, depending on the laboratory you go to.
When a doctor reviews sperm analysis test results, there are many
factors to consider. An analysis after vasectomy looks for the presence
of sperm, but the analysis to look for fertility issues is much more in
depth. Your doctor will take each of the following results into account:
Sperm shape
A normal result for sperm shape is that more than 50 percent of sperm
are normally shaped. If a man has greater than 50 percent of sperm that
are abnormally shaped, this reduces his fertility. A laboratory may
identify abnormalities in the sperm’s head, midsection, or tail. It’s also
possible the sperm could be immature and therefore not able to
effectively fertilize an egg.

14. Movement
For a normal result, more than 50 percent of sperm must move
normally an hour after ejaculation. Sperm movement, or motility, is
important to fertility because sperm must travel to fertilize an egg.
An automated system analyzes the sperm for movement and rates
them on a scale of 0 to 4. A score of 0 means the sperm are not
moving, and a score of 3 or 4 represents good movement.
pH
A pH level should be between 7.2 and 7.8 to achieve a normal result.
A pH level higher than 8.0 could indicate the donor has an infection.
A result less than 7.0 could indicate the specimen is contaminated or
that the man’s ejaculatory ducts are blocked.

15. Volume
The volume of semen for a normal result should be greater than 2
milliliters. A low semen volume could indicate a low amount of
sperm to fertilize an egg. An excess fluid volume could also mean
the amount of sperm present is diluted.
Liquefaction
It should take 15 to 30 minutes before semen liquefies. While semen
is initially thick, its ability to liquefy, or turn to a watery consistency,
helps sperm to move. If semen does not liquefy in 15 to 30 minutes,
fertility could be affected.

16. Sperm count
The sperm count in a normal semen analysis should be between 20
million to over 200 million. This result is also known as sperm
density. If this number is low, conceiving can be more difficult.
Appearance
The appearance should be whitish to gray and opalescent. Semen
that has a red-brown tint could indicate the presence of blood,
while a yellow tint could indicate jaundice or be a medication side
effect.

17. What do abnormal results mean?
Infertility
Infection
hormonal imbalance
disease, such as diabetes
gene defects
exposure to radiation