SlideShare a Scribd company logo
 Spectrum: The radio frequency spectrum ranges from very
low frequency radio waves at around 10kHz (30 kilometres
wavelength) up to 100GHz (3 millimetres wavelength). The
radio spectrum is divided into frequency bands reserved for a
single use or a range of compatible uses. Within each
band, individual transmitters often use separate frequencies,
or channels, so they do not interfere with each other.
Spectrum is divided between
different types of technology
 your AM and FM channels are all spread
around 100MHz - 200MHz.
 Telecom spectrum starts from 800MHz,
and goes up to 2300MHz.
 Bluetooth - Wi-Fi used to be 2.4GHz
(2400MHz)
 bands for cellular communication are
800MHz, 900MHz, 1800MHz, 2100MHz,
and 2300MHz.
 Bandwidth is defined as the maximum amount
of data that can be transmitted in a fixed amount of
time. It is the range of lowest to highest frequency.
 For digital devices, the bandwidth is usually
expressed in bits per second(bps) or bytes per
second. For analog devices, the bandwidth is
expressed in cycles per second, or Hertz (Hz).
 An internet connection with a larger bandwidth can
move a set amount of data (say, a video file) much
faster than an internet connection with a lower
bandwidth.
 Bandwidth is typically expressed in bits per
second, like 60 Mbps or 60 Mb/s
 Bandwidth is maximum data rate
Bandwidth
What is Data Rate
 Data rate (or data transfer rate) is the
amount of data being transferred
through a connection within a second.
Data rate cannot be higher than the
bandwidth of the connection. Data rate
is also measured in ‘bits per second’ or
bps. Sometimes data rate is also called
as bit rate.
Data Rate
Number of data transfer in given bandwidth per unit time
Spectrum vs Bandwidth vs Datarate | Networking

More Related Content

What's hot

Time Division Multiplexing
Time Division MultiplexingTime Division Multiplexing
Time Division Multiplexing
Md. Hasan Imam Bijoy
 
Multiplexing and Multiple access
Multiplexing and Multiple accessMultiplexing and Multiple access
Multiplexing and Multiple access
Dr. Ghanshyam Singh
 
Operating System Concepts - Ch05
Operating System Concepts - Ch05Operating System Concepts - Ch05
Operating System Concepts - Ch05Wayne Jones Jnr
 
Multiplexing : FDM
Multiplexing : FDMMultiplexing : FDM
Multiplexing : FDM
Dr Rajiv Srivastava
 
Multiplexing
MultiplexingMultiplexing
Multiplexing
nimay1
 
M.A.C (Medium Access Control)
M.A.C (Medium Access Control)M.A.C (Medium Access Control)
M.A.C (Medium Access Control)
JaironLanda
 
Topology,Switching and Routing
Topology,Switching and RoutingTopology,Switching and Routing
Topology,Switching and Routing
Anushiya Ram
 
Pstn internet connectivity.56
Pstn internet connectivity.56Pstn internet connectivity.56
Pstn internet connectivity.56myrajendra
 
Carrier-sense multiple access with collision detection (CSMA/CD)
Carrier-sense multiple access with collision detection (CSMA/CD)Carrier-sense multiple access with collision detection (CSMA/CD)
Carrier-sense multiple access with collision detection (CSMA/CD)
university of Malakand Dir Lower
 
Unit 1 introduction to computer networks
Unit 1  introduction to computer networksUnit 1  introduction to computer networks
Unit 1 introduction to computer networks
pavan kumar Thatikonda
 
Multiplexing & DE Multiplexing( Time Division Multiplexing(TDM) & Frequency D...
Multiplexing & DE Multiplexing( Time Division Multiplexing(TDM) & Frequency D...Multiplexing & DE Multiplexing( Time Division Multiplexing(TDM) & Frequency D...
Multiplexing & DE Multiplexing( Time Division Multiplexing(TDM) & Frequency D...
UthsoNandy
 
Modulation of digital and analog data
Modulation of digital and analog dataModulation of digital and analog data
Modulation of digital and analog dataPuspa Dhamayanti
 
9. parameters of mobile multipath channels
9. parameters of mobile multipath channels9. parameters of mobile multipath channels
9. parameters of mobile multipath channels
JAIGANESH SEKAR
 

What's hot (20)

Time Division Multiplexing
Time Division MultiplexingTime Division Multiplexing
Time Division Multiplexing
 
Multiplexing and Multiple access
Multiplexing and Multiple accessMultiplexing and Multiple access
Multiplexing and Multiple access
 
Operating System Concepts - Ch05
Operating System Concepts - Ch05Operating System Concepts - Ch05
Operating System Concepts - Ch05
 
A seminar presentation on dsl
A seminar presentation on dslA seminar presentation on dsl
A seminar presentation on dsl
 
Multiplexing : FDM
Multiplexing : FDMMultiplexing : FDM
Multiplexing : FDM
 
Multiplexing
MultiplexingMultiplexing
Multiplexing
 
M.A.C (Medium Access Control)
M.A.C (Medium Access Control)M.A.C (Medium Access Control)
M.A.C (Medium Access Control)
 
Topology,Switching and Routing
Topology,Switching and RoutingTopology,Switching and Routing
Topology,Switching and Routing
 
Pstn internet connectivity.56
Pstn internet connectivity.56Pstn internet connectivity.56
Pstn internet connectivity.56
 
Tdm & fdm
Tdm & fdmTdm & fdm
Tdm & fdm
 
Carrier-sense multiple access with collision detection (CSMA/CD)
Carrier-sense multiple access with collision detection (CSMA/CD)Carrier-sense multiple access with collision detection (CSMA/CD)
Carrier-sense multiple access with collision detection (CSMA/CD)
 
PSTN
PSTNPSTN
PSTN
 
Ch 05
Ch 05Ch 05
Ch 05
 
Ch 03
Ch 03Ch 03
Ch 03
 
Lecture 11
Lecture 11Lecture 11
Lecture 11
 
Unit 1 introduction to computer networks
Unit 1  introduction to computer networksUnit 1  introduction to computer networks
Unit 1 introduction to computer networks
 
Multiplexing & DE Multiplexing( Time Division Multiplexing(TDM) & Frequency D...
Multiplexing & DE Multiplexing( Time Division Multiplexing(TDM) & Frequency D...Multiplexing & DE Multiplexing( Time Division Multiplexing(TDM) & Frequency D...
Multiplexing & DE Multiplexing( Time Division Multiplexing(TDM) & Frequency D...
 
Ch 06
Ch 06Ch 06
Ch 06
 
Modulation of digital and analog data
Modulation of digital and analog dataModulation of digital and analog data
Modulation of digital and analog data
 
9. parameters of mobile multipath channels
9. parameters of mobile multipath channels9. parameters of mobile multipath channels
9. parameters of mobile multipath channels
 

Similar to Spectrum vs Bandwidth vs Datarate | Networking

signal and channel bandwidth
signal and channel bandwidthsignal and channel bandwidth
signal and channel bandwidth
AparnaLal2
 
Different frequency ranges
Different frequency rangesDifferent frequency ranges
Different frequency rangesDevang Bhatti
 
9228e5ae8d984678aad8b1d3c8db3b46-compressed-46e3765ce750dd47728ed198f4d5d88c-...
9228e5ae8d984678aad8b1d3c8db3b46-compressed-46e3765ce750dd47728ed198f4d5d88c-...9228e5ae8d984678aad8b1d3c8db3b46-compressed-46e3765ce750dd47728ed198f4d5d88c-...
9228e5ae8d984678aad8b1d3c8db3b46-compressed-46e3765ce750dd47728ed198f4d5d88c-...
AzharBaiquni2
 
Transmission media
Transmission mediaTransmission media
Transmission media
Umesh Gupta
 
BW and spectrum
BW and spectrumBW and spectrum
BW and spectrum
Kushal Jain
 
0 lecture 2 wp wireless protocol
0 lecture 2 wp wireless protocol0 lecture 2 wp wireless protocol
0 lecture 2 wp wireless protocol
umardanjumamaiwada
 
Spread spectrum technologies
Spread spectrum technologiesSpread spectrum technologies
Spread spectrum technologies
Dr. Ghanshyam Singh
 
Telecommunications: Introduction to Wireless Networks
Telecommunications: Introduction to Wireless NetworksTelecommunications: Introduction to Wireless Networks
Telecommunications: Introduction to Wireless Networks
Napier University
 
Communication channel presentation
Communication channel presentationCommunication channel presentation
Communication channel presentationbabak danyal
 
Communication channel presentation
Communication channel presentationCommunication channel presentation
Communication channel presentationbabak danyal
 
How Mobile Phone Networks Work
How Mobile Phone Networks WorkHow Mobile Phone Networks Work
How Mobile Phone Networks Work
JDurrant
 
Transmission media by JAWAD AHMED
Transmission media by JAWAD AHMEDTransmission media by JAWAD AHMED
Transmission media by JAWAD AHMED
Jawad Ahmed
 
Microwaves, Infrared, Bluetooth.ppt
Microwaves, Infrared, Bluetooth.pptMicrowaves, Infrared, Bluetooth.ppt
Microwaves, Infrared, Bluetooth.ppt
DeepakBaghel50
 
Communication channel presentation
Communication channel presentationCommunication channel presentation
Communication channel presentationbabak danyal
 
ASN_ ppt.ppt
ASN_ ppt.pptASN_ ppt.ppt
ASN_ ppt.ppt
DrSamsonChepuri1
 
DWDM_Trainning.pptx
DWDM_Trainning.pptxDWDM_Trainning.pptx
DWDM_Trainning.pptx
ImamovicMusazi1
 
3. transmission media
3. transmission media3. transmission media
3. transmission mediaHattori Sidek
 
Meixia Tao Introduction To Wireless Communications And Recent Advances
Meixia Tao Introduction To Wireless Communications And Recent AdvancesMeixia Tao Introduction To Wireless Communications And Recent Advances
Meixia Tao Introduction To Wireless Communications And Recent Advancesmelvincabatuan
 
Design and Simulation WDM
Design and Simulation WDMDesign and Simulation WDM
Design and Simulation WDMMuzahidul Islam
 

Similar to Spectrum vs Bandwidth vs Datarate | Networking (20)

signal and channel bandwidth
signal and channel bandwidthsignal and channel bandwidth
signal and channel bandwidth
 
Different frequency ranges
Different frequency rangesDifferent frequency ranges
Different frequency ranges
 
9228e5ae8d984678aad8b1d3c8db3b46-compressed-46e3765ce750dd47728ed198f4d5d88c-...
9228e5ae8d984678aad8b1d3c8db3b46-compressed-46e3765ce750dd47728ed198f4d5d88c-...9228e5ae8d984678aad8b1d3c8db3b46-compressed-46e3765ce750dd47728ed198f4d5d88c-...
9228e5ae8d984678aad8b1d3c8db3b46-compressed-46e3765ce750dd47728ed198f4d5d88c-...
 
Transmission media
Transmission mediaTransmission media
Transmission media
 
BW and spectrum
BW and spectrumBW and spectrum
BW and spectrum
 
0 lecture 2 wp wireless protocol
0 lecture 2 wp wireless protocol0 lecture 2 wp wireless protocol
0 lecture 2 wp wireless protocol
 
Spread spectrum technologies
Spread spectrum technologiesSpread spectrum technologies
Spread spectrum technologies
 
Telecommunications: Introduction to Wireless Networks
Telecommunications: Introduction to Wireless NetworksTelecommunications: Introduction to Wireless Networks
Telecommunications: Introduction to Wireless Networks
 
Microwave agdon
Microwave agdonMicrowave agdon
Microwave agdon
 
Communication channel presentation
Communication channel presentationCommunication channel presentation
Communication channel presentation
 
Communication channel presentation
Communication channel presentationCommunication channel presentation
Communication channel presentation
 
How Mobile Phone Networks Work
How Mobile Phone Networks WorkHow Mobile Phone Networks Work
How Mobile Phone Networks Work
 
Transmission media by JAWAD AHMED
Transmission media by JAWAD AHMEDTransmission media by JAWAD AHMED
Transmission media by JAWAD AHMED
 
Microwaves, Infrared, Bluetooth.ppt
Microwaves, Infrared, Bluetooth.pptMicrowaves, Infrared, Bluetooth.ppt
Microwaves, Infrared, Bluetooth.ppt
 
Communication channel presentation
Communication channel presentationCommunication channel presentation
Communication channel presentation
 
ASN_ ppt.ppt
ASN_ ppt.pptASN_ ppt.ppt
ASN_ ppt.ppt
 
DWDM_Trainning.pptx
DWDM_Trainning.pptxDWDM_Trainning.pptx
DWDM_Trainning.pptx
 
3. transmission media
3. transmission media3. transmission media
3. transmission media
 
Meixia Tao Introduction To Wireless Communications And Recent Advances
Meixia Tao Introduction To Wireless Communications And Recent AdvancesMeixia Tao Introduction To Wireless Communications And Recent Advances
Meixia Tao Introduction To Wireless Communications And Recent Advances
 
Design and Simulation WDM
Design and Simulation WDMDesign and Simulation WDM
Design and Simulation WDM
 

More from Shubham Dwivedi

Java abstract class & abstract methods
Java abstract class & abstract methodsJava abstract class & abstract methods
Java abstract class & abstract methods
Shubham Dwivedi
 
PL SQL Quiz | PL SQL Examples
PL SQL Quiz |  PL SQL ExamplesPL SQL Quiz |  PL SQL Examples
PL SQL Quiz | PL SQL Examples
Shubham Dwivedi
 
Merge sort algorithm
Merge sort algorithmMerge sort algorithm
Merge sort algorithm
Shubham Dwivedi
 
User define data type In Visual Basic
User define data type In Visual Basic User define data type In Visual Basic
User define data type In Visual Basic
Shubham Dwivedi
 
Dbms architecture
Dbms architectureDbms architecture
Dbms architecture
Shubham Dwivedi
 
Internet address
Internet addressInternet address
Internet address
Shubham Dwivedi
 

More from Shubham Dwivedi (6)

Java abstract class & abstract methods
Java abstract class & abstract methodsJava abstract class & abstract methods
Java abstract class & abstract methods
 
PL SQL Quiz | PL SQL Examples
PL SQL Quiz |  PL SQL ExamplesPL SQL Quiz |  PL SQL Examples
PL SQL Quiz | PL SQL Examples
 
Merge sort algorithm
Merge sort algorithmMerge sort algorithm
Merge sort algorithm
 
User define data type In Visual Basic
User define data type In Visual Basic User define data type In Visual Basic
User define data type In Visual Basic
 
Dbms architecture
Dbms architectureDbms architecture
Dbms architecture
 
Internet address
Internet addressInternet address
Internet address
 

Recently uploaded

假文凭国外(Adelaide毕业证)澳大利亚国立大学毕业证成绩单办理
假文凭国外(Adelaide毕业证)澳大利亚国立大学毕业证成绩单办理假文凭国外(Adelaide毕业证)澳大利亚国立大学毕业证成绩单办理
假文凭国外(Adelaide毕业证)澳大利亚国立大学毕业证成绩单办理
cuobya
 
Bridging the Digital Gap Brad Spiegel Macon, GA Initiative.pptx
Bridging the Digital Gap Brad Spiegel Macon, GA Initiative.pptxBridging the Digital Gap Brad Spiegel Macon, GA Initiative.pptx
Bridging the Digital Gap Brad Spiegel Macon, GA Initiative.pptx
Brad Spiegel Macon GA
 
Meet up Milano 14 _ Axpo Italia_ Migration from Mule3 (On-prem) to.pdf
Meet up Milano 14 _ Axpo Italia_ Migration from Mule3 (On-prem) to.pdfMeet up Milano 14 _ Axpo Italia_ Migration from Mule3 (On-prem) to.pdf
Meet up Milano 14 _ Axpo Italia_ Migration from Mule3 (On-prem) to.pdf
Florence Consulting
 
可查真实(Monash毕业证)西澳大学毕业证成绩单退学买
可查真实(Monash毕业证)西澳大学毕业证成绩单退学买可查真实(Monash毕业证)西澳大学毕业证成绩单退学买
可查真实(Monash毕业证)西澳大学毕业证成绩单退学买
cuobya
 
制作毕业证书(ANU毕业证)莫纳什大学毕业证成绩单官方原版办理
制作毕业证书(ANU毕业证)莫纳什大学毕业证成绩单官方原版办理制作毕业证书(ANU毕业证)莫纳什大学毕业证成绩单官方原版办理
制作毕业证书(ANU毕业证)莫纳什大学毕业证成绩单官方原版办理
cuobya
 
1比1复刻(bath毕业证书)英国巴斯大学毕业证学位证原版一模一样
1比1复刻(bath毕业证书)英国巴斯大学毕业证学位证原版一模一样1比1复刻(bath毕业证书)英国巴斯大学毕业证学位证原版一模一样
1比1复刻(bath毕业证书)英国巴斯大学毕业证学位证原版一模一样
3ipehhoa
 
APNIC Foundation, presented by Ellisha Heppner at the PNG DNS Forum 2024
APNIC Foundation, presented by Ellisha Heppner at the PNG DNS Forum 2024APNIC Foundation, presented by Ellisha Heppner at the PNG DNS Forum 2024
APNIC Foundation, presented by Ellisha Heppner at the PNG DNS Forum 2024
APNIC
 
Explore-Insanony: Watch Instagram Stories Secretly
Explore-Insanony: Watch Instagram Stories SecretlyExplore-Insanony: Watch Instagram Stories Secretly
Explore-Insanony: Watch Instagram Stories Secretly
Trending Blogers
 
一比一原版(CSU毕业证)加利福尼亚州立大学毕业证成绩单专业办理
一比一原版(CSU毕业证)加利福尼亚州立大学毕业证成绩单专业办理一比一原版(CSU毕业证)加利福尼亚州立大学毕业证成绩单专业办理
一比一原版(CSU毕业证)加利福尼亚州立大学毕业证成绩单专业办理
ufdana
 
7 Best Cloud Hosting Services to Try Out in 2024
7 Best Cloud Hosting Services to Try Out in 20247 Best Cloud Hosting Services to Try Out in 2024
7 Best Cloud Hosting Services to Try Out in 2024
Danica Gill
 
成绩单ps(UST毕业证)圣托马斯大学毕业证成绩单快速办理
成绩单ps(UST毕业证)圣托马斯大学毕业证成绩单快速办理成绩单ps(UST毕业证)圣托马斯大学毕业证成绩单快速办理
成绩单ps(UST毕业证)圣托马斯大学毕业证成绩单快速办理
ysasp1
 
办理毕业证(UPenn毕业证)宾夕法尼亚大学毕业证成绩单快速办理
办理毕业证(UPenn毕业证)宾夕法尼亚大学毕业证成绩单快速办理办理毕业证(UPenn毕业证)宾夕法尼亚大学毕业证成绩单快速办理
办理毕业证(UPenn毕业证)宾夕法尼亚大学毕业证成绩单快速办理
uehowe
 
JAVIER LASA-EXPERIENCIA digital 1986-2024.pdf
JAVIER LASA-EXPERIENCIA digital 1986-2024.pdfJAVIER LASA-EXPERIENCIA digital 1986-2024.pdf
JAVIER LASA-EXPERIENCIA digital 1986-2024.pdf
Javier Lasa
 
guildmasters guide to ravnica Dungeons & Dragons 5...
guildmasters guide to ravnica Dungeons & Dragons 5...guildmasters guide to ravnica Dungeons & Dragons 5...
guildmasters guide to ravnica Dungeons & Dragons 5...
Rogerio Filho
 
存档可查的(USC毕业证)南加利福尼亚大学毕业证成绩单制做办理
存档可查的(USC毕业证)南加利福尼亚大学毕业证成绩单制做办理存档可查的(USC毕业证)南加利福尼亚大学毕业证成绩单制做办理
存档可查的(USC毕业证)南加利福尼亚大学毕业证成绩单制做办理
fovkoyb
 
test test test test testtest test testtest test testtest test testtest test ...
test test  test test testtest test testtest test testtest test testtest test ...test test  test test testtest test testtest test testtest test testtest test ...
test test test test testtest test testtest test testtest test testtest test ...
Arif0071
 
一比一原版(SLU毕业证)圣路易斯大学毕业证成绩单专业办理
一比一原版(SLU毕业证)圣路易斯大学毕业证成绩单专业办理一比一原版(SLU毕业证)圣路易斯大学毕业证成绩单专业办理
一比一原版(SLU毕业证)圣路易斯大学毕业证成绩单专业办理
keoku
 
[HUN][hackersuli] Red Teaming alapok 2024
[HUN][hackersuli] Red Teaming alapok 2024[HUN][hackersuli] Red Teaming alapok 2024
[HUN][hackersuli] Red Teaming alapok 2024
hackersuli
 
急速办(bedfordhire毕业证书)英国贝德福特大学毕业证成绩单原版一模一样
急速办(bedfordhire毕业证书)英国贝德福特大学毕业证成绩单原版一模一样急速办(bedfordhire毕业证书)英国贝德福特大学毕业证成绩单原版一模一样
急速办(bedfordhire毕业证书)英国贝德福特大学毕业证成绩单原版一模一样
3ipehhoa
 
Gen Z and the marketplaces - let's translate their needs
Gen Z and the marketplaces - let's translate their needsGen Z and the marketplaces - let's translate their needs
Gen Z and the marketplaces - let's translate their needs
Laura Szabó
 

Recently uploaded (20)

假文凭国外(Adelaide毕业证)澳大利亚国立大学毕业证成绩单办理
假文凭国外(Adelaide毕业证)澳大利亚国立大学毕业证成绩单办理假文凭国外(Adelaide毕业证)澳大利亚国立大学毕业证成绩单办理
假文凭国外(Adelaide毕业证)澳大利亚国立大学毕业证成绩单办理
 
Bridging the Digital Gap Brad Spiegel Macon, GA Initiative.pptx
Bridging the Digital Gap Brad Spiegel Macon, GA Initiative.pptxBridging the Digital Gap Brad Spiegel Macon, GA Initiative.pptx
Bridging the Digital Gap Brad Spiegel Macon, GA Initiative.pptx
 
Meet up Milano 14 _ Axpo Italia_ Migration from Mule3 (On-prem) to.pdf
Meet up Milano 14 _ Axpo Italia_ Migration from Mule3 (On-prem) to.pdfMeet up Milano 14 _ Axpo Italia_ Migration from Mule3 (On-prem) to.pdf
Meet up Milano 14 _ Axpo Italia_ Migration from Mule3 (On-prem) to.pdf
 
可查真实(Monash毕业证)西澳大学毕业证成绩单退学买
可查真实(Monash毕业证)西澳大学毕业证成绩单退学买可查真实(Monash毕业证)西澳大学毕业证成绩单退学买
可查真实(Monash毕业证)西澳大学毕业证成绩单退学买
 
制作毕业证书(ANU毕业证)莫纳什大学毕业证成绩单官方原版办理
制作毕业证书(ANU毕业证)莫纳什大学毕业证成绩单官方原版办理制作毕业证书(ANU毕业证)莫纳什大学毕业证成绩单官方原版办理
制作毕业证书(ANU毕业证)莫纳什大学毕业证成绩单官方原版办理
 
1比1复刻(bath毕业证书)英国巴斯大学毕业证学位证原版一模一样
1比1复刻(bath毕业证书)英国巴斯大学毕业证学位证原版一模一样1比1复刻(bath毕业证书)英国巴斯大学毕业证学位证原版一模一样
1比1复刻(bath毕业证书)英国巴斯大学毕业证学位证原版一模一样
 
APNIC Foundation, presented by Ellisha Heppner at the PNG DNS Forum 2024
APNIC Foundation, presented by Ellisha Heppner at the PNG DNS Forum 2024APNIC Foundation, presented by Ellisha Heppner at the PNG DNS Forum 2024
APNIC Foundation, presented by Ellisha Heppner at the PNG DNS Forum 2024
 
Explore-Insanony: Watch Instagram Stories Secretly
Explore-Insanony: Watch Instagram Stories SecretlyExplore-Insanony: Watch Instagram Stories Secretly
Explore-Insanony: Watch Instagram Stories Secretly
 
一比一原版(CSU毕业证)加利福尼亚州立大学毕业证成绩单专业办理
一比一原版(CSU毕业证)加利福尼亚州立大学毕业证成绩单专业办理一比一原版(CSU毕业证)加利福尼亚州立大学毕业证成绩单专业办理
一比一原版(CSU毕业证)加利福尼亚州立大学毕业证成绩单专业办理
 
7 Best Cloud Hosting Services to Try Out in 2024
7 Best Cloud Hosting Services to Try Out in 20247 Best Cloud Hosting Services to Try Out in 2024
7 Best Cloud Hosting Services to Try Out in 2024
 
成绩单ps(UST毕业证)圣托马斯大学毕业证成绩单快速办理
成绩单ps(UST毕业证)圣托马斯大学毕业证成绩单快速办理成绩单ps(UST毕业证)圣托马斯大学毕业证成绩单快速办理
成绩单ps(UST毕业证)圣托马斯大学毕业证成绩单快速办理
 
办理毕业证(UPenn毕业证)宾夕法尼亚大学毕业证成绩单快速办理
办理毕业证(UPenn毕业证)宾夕法尼亚大学毕业证成绩单快速办理办理毕业证(UPenn毕业证)宾夕法尼亚大学毕业证成绩单快速办理
办理毕业证(UPenn毕业证)宾夕法尼亚大学毕业证成绩单快速办理
 
JAVIER LASA-EXPERIENCIA digital 1986-2024.pdf
JAVIER LASA-EXPERIENCIA digital 1986-2024.pdfJAVIER LASA-EXPERIENCIA digital 1986-2024.pdf
JAVIER LASA-EXPERIENCIA digital 1986-2024.pdf
 
guildmasters guide to ravnica Dungeons & Dragons 5...
guildmasters guide to ravnica Dungeons & Dragons 5...guildmasters guide to ravnica Dungeons & Dragons 5...
guildmasters guide to ravnica Dungeons & Dragons 5...
 
存档可查的(USC毕业证)南加利福尼亚大学毕业证成绩单制做办理
存档可查的(USC毕业证)南加利福尼亚大学毕业证成绩单制做办理存档可查的(USC毕业证)南加利福尼亚大学毕业证成绩单制做办理
存档可查的(USC毕业证)南加利福尼亚大学毕业证成绩单制做办理
 
test test test test testtest test testtest test testtest test testtest test ...
test test  test test testtest test testtest test testtest test testtest test ...test test  test test testtest test testtest test testtest test testtest test ...
test test test test testtest test testtest test testtest test testtest test ...
 
一比一原版(SLU毕业证)圣路易斯大学毕业证成绩单专业办理
一比一原版(SLU毕业证)圣路易斯大学毕业证成绩单专业办理一比一原版(SLU毕业证)圣路易斯大学毕业证成绩单专业办理
一比一原版(SLU毕业证)圣路易斯大学毕业证成绩单专业办理
 
[HUN][hackersuli] Red Teaming alapok 2024
[HUN][hackersuli] Red Teaming alapok 2024[HUN][hackersuli] Red Teaming alapok 2024
[HUN][hackersuli] Red Teaming alapok 2024
 
急速办(bedfordhire毕业证书)英国贝德福特大学毕业证成绩单原版一模一样
急速办(bedfordhire毕业证书)英国贝德福特大学毕业证成绩单原版一模一样急速办(bedfordhire毕业证书)英国贝德福特大学毕业证成绩单原版一模一样
急速办(bedfordhire毕业证书)英国贝德福特大学毕业证成绩单原版一模一样
 
Gen Z and the marketplaces - let's translate their needs
Gen Z and the marketplaces - let's translate their needsGen Z and the marketplaces - let's translate their needs
Gen Z and the marketplaces - let's translate their needs
 

Spectrum vs Bandwidth vs Datarate | Networking

  • 1.
  • 2.  Spectrum: The radio frequency spectrum ranges from very low frequency radio waves at around 10kHz (30 kilometres wavelength) up to 100GHz (3 millimetres wavelength). The radio spectrum is divided into frequency bands reserved for a single use or a range of compatible uses. Within each band, individual transmitters often use separate frequencies, or channels, so they do not interfere with each other.
  • 3. Spectrum is divided between different types of technology  your AM and FM channels are all spread around 100MHz - 200MHz.  Telecom spectrum starts from 800MHz, and goes up to 2300MHz.  Bluetooth - Wi-Fi used to be 2.4GHz (2400MHz)  bands for cellular communication are 800MHz, 900MHz, 1800MHz, 2100MHz, and 2300MHz.
  • 4.  Bandwidth is defined as the maximum amount of data that can be transmitted in a fixed amount of time. It is the range of lowest to highest frequency.  For digital devices, the bandwidth is usually expressed in bits per second(bps) or bytes per second. For analog devices, the bandwidth is expressed in cycles per second, or Hertz (Hz).  An internet connection with a larger bandwidth can move a set amount of data (say, a video file) much faster than an internet connection with a lower bandwidth.  Bandwidth is typically expressed in bits per second, like 60 Mbps or 60 Mb/s  Bandwidth is maximum data rate
  • 6. What is Data Rate  Data rate (or data transfer rate) is the amount of data being transferred through a connection within a second. Data rate cannot be higher than the bandwidth of the connection. Data rate is also measured in ‘bits per second’ or bps. Sometimes data rate is also called as bit rate.
  • 7. Data Rate Number of data transfer in given bandwidth per unit time