Specific heat capacity & heat capacity
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Specific heat capacity and heat capacity are different but related concepts. Specific heat capacity is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1K, while heat capacity does not consider mass and is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a substance by 1K. Specific heat capacity includes mass in its calculation and has a consistent, fixed value for a particular substance, while heat capacity can vary for a substance and have the same value for different substances.
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The document discusses thermal properties of matter, specifically heat capacity and specific heat capacity. It defines heat capacity as the amount of energy needed to change an object's temperature by 1 degree. Specific heat capacity is the amount of energy needed to change 1 kg of a material by 1 degree. Materials have different specific heat capacities because their molecules contain different numbers and masses of atoms. The document also describes methods to determine specific heat capacity, including direct calorimetry of liquids and solids, and the indirect method of mixtures.
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Different objects have different heat capacity. Sand has a low heat capacity and gets hot quickly while sea water has a high heat capacity and gets hot slowly. Heat capacity of an object increases when the mass of the object increases. For example, the water in a full kettle takes a longer time to boil compared to the water in a half-fi lled kettle. This shows that water of bigger mass has a higher heat capacity compared to water of smaller mass.
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4.2.1 Explain heat capacity, C.
4.2.2 Define specific heat capacity of a material, c
4.2.3 Experiment to determine:
(i) the specific heat capacity of water
(ii) the specific heat capacity of aluminium
4.2.4 Communicate to explain the applications of specific heat capacity in daily life, material engineering and natural phenomena.
4.2.5 Solve problems involving specific heat capacity
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Core
Relate a rise in the temperature of a body to an increase in its internal energy
Show an understanding of what is meant by the thermal capacity of a body
Supplement
• Give a simple molecular account of an increase in internal energy
• Recall and use the equation thermal capacity = mc
• Define specific heat capacity
• Describe an experiment to measure the specific heat capacity of a substance
• Recall and use the equation change in energy = mcΔT
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The document discusses specific heat capacity, which is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1°C. It provides examples showing that substances with higher specific heat capacities, like water, require more heat to increase their temperature compared to substances with lower specific heat capacities. Applications of knowing specific heat capacities include designing cooking pots and understanding weather phenomena like sea breezes and land breezes. The cooling system of a car engine is also explained, where water is used as the coolant due to its high specific heat capacity and boiling point.
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Heat is the flow of thermal energy from warmer objects to cooler ones. Different materials heat up and cool down at different rates because they have different specific heat capacities. The specific heat capacity is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a material by 1°C. Materials with higher specific heat capacities, like water, require more energy to heat up the same amount compared to materials with lower specific heat capacities.
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This document discusses specific heat capacity, which is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree Celsius. It explains that different substances have different specific heat capacities due to differences in their molecular structure. For example, water has a higher specific heat capacity than metals like iron because its molecules can absorb heat through rotation, vibration, and stretching of bonds between molecules. This allows water to resist temperature changes more than substances like iron or sand.
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This document discusses thermal properties of matter including heat capacity, specific heat capacity, and changes of state. It defines heat capacity as the amount of energy required to change an object's temperature by a given amount. Specific heat capacity is the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a material by 1°C. Methods for determining specific heat capacity include direct calorimetry of liquids and solids or the indirect method of mixtures. Phase changes occur when substances gain enough energy to overcome intermolecular forces, changing between solid, liquid, and gas states. Latent heat is the energy required for phase changes without a change in temperature.
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4.2.1 Explain heat capacity, C.
4.2.2 Define specific heat capacity of a material, c
4.2.3 Experiment to determine:
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Show an understanding of what is meant by the thermal capacity of a body
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• Recall and use the equation change in energy = mcΔT
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2) It describes how internal energy is related to the motion of molecules and how temperature increases as internal energy increases during heating.
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When an object is heated, its molecules absorb heat energy which increases their kinetic energy and causes them to move faster, raising the temperature of the substance. Heat capacity is defined as the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of a substance by 1 degree Celsius or Kelvin, while specific heat capacity refers to the energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of a substance by 1 degree. Specific heat capacity is calculated by dividing the total energy by the mass and temperature change.
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Thermal expansion, temperature change, and phase change are the three main effects of heat. Thermal expansion causes materials to expand when heated and contract when cooled. The amount of expansion depends on the original length, temperature change, and material's coefficient of linear or volumetric expansion. Temperature change occurs when heat is added or removed from an object, increasing or decreasing its temperature. This temperature change depends on the specific heat capacity of the material, its mass, and the amount of heat added or removed. Phase change involves heat being absorbed or released during changes between solid, liquid, and gas states without a change in temperature. This heat of fusion or vaporization allows materials to change phases.
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The document discusses specific heat capacity, which is a material's ability to absorb heat. It explains that specific heat capacity varies between materials and determines how much energy is required to change a substance's temperature. The document provides examples of calculating specific heat capacity using the formula Q = mcΔT, where students must identify known values and solve for the unknown specific heat.
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1) Heat is a form of energy that is transferred from hotter objects to colder objects. Temperature is a measure of how hot or cold an object is.
2) When two objects at different temperatures come into contact, heat will flow from the hotter object to the cooler object until they reach thermal equilibrium, where their temperatures are equal and there is no more net heat transfer between them.
3) The amount of heat an object contains depends on its mass, material, and temperature - an object with greater mass or at a higher temperature contains more heat.
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This document discusses specific latent heat, which is the amount of heat required to change the phase of a substance without changing its temperature. It provides examples of specific latent heat values for ice and water. During phase changes like melting, boiling, and condensing, heat is absorbed or released but temperature remains constant as the heat energy goes towards breaking or forming molecular bonds rather than increasing kinetic energy. Applications where specific latent heat is important include cooling drinks with ice and using steam for cooking or heating.
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The document discusses thermal expansion and heat transfer. Thermal expansion refers to materials expanding when heated and contracting when cooled. The amount of expansion can vary between materials. One example of using thermal expansion is in bimetallic strips in thermostats. Heat transfer refers to the flow of heat within and between objects due to temperature differences. The three main types of heat transfer are radiation via electromagnetic waves, conduction through direct contact, and convection via currents in fluids. Specific heat and heat capacity refer to the energy required to increase the temperature of a substance.
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Specific heat capacity & heat capacity
- 1. SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY & HEAT CAPACITY DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THEM
- 2. THE DIFFERENCES • MEANING • CALCULATION • SI UNIT • INCLUDES • SPECIFICITY • CONSISTENCE
- 3. MEANING • HEAT CAPACITY IS THE AMOUNT OF HEAT REQUIRED TO RAISE THE TEMPERATURE OF A SUBSTANCE BY 1K. • SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY IS THE AMOUNT OF HEAT REQUIRED TO RAISE THE TEMPERATURE OF 1KG OF A SUBSTANCE BY 1K.
- 4. CALCULATION • HEAT CAPACITY IS CALCULATED AS THE RATIO OF HEAT TO TEMPERATURE (𝐻𝑐 = 𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑡 ∆𝑇 ) • SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY IS THE RATIO OF HEAT TO THE PRODUCT OF MASS AND TEMPERATURE CHANGE (𝑐 = 𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠×∆𝑇 )
- 5. SI UNIT • THE SI UNIT OF HEAT CAPACITY IS THE JOULE PER KELVIN ( 𝐽 𝐾) • THE SI UNIT OF SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY IS THE JOULE PER KILOGRAM KELVIN ( 𝐽 𝐾𝑔×𝐾)
- 6. INCLUDES • HEAT CAPACITY DOES NOT CONSIDER MASS. • SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY CONSIDERS MASS.
- 7. SPECIFICITY • HEAT CAPACITY IS GENERAL AND IT MAY VARY FOR A PARTICULAR SUBSTANCE AND CAN HAVE THE SAME VALUE FOR DIFFERENT SUBSTANCES. • SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY IS PARTICULAR FOR A KNOWN SUBSTANCE, IT IS SPECIFIC AND FIXED FOR A PARTICULAR SUBSTANCE.
- 8. CONSISTENCE • AS HEAT CAPACITY IS QUITE GENERAL, IT IS NOT CONSISTENT FOR A PARTICULAR ELEMENT. • SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY IS FIXED FOR A PARTICULAR ELEMENT HENCE IT IS CONSISTENT FOR A PARTICULAR ELEMENT REGARDLESS OF THE MASS OF SUBSTANCE.