Sound waves
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
0 likes•716 views
The document discusses how the amplitude of sound waves decreases with distance from the source according to the inverse square law. It shows that if the distance from a speaker doubles, the amplitude observed will be halved. This is because the intensity of sound waves decreases with the inverse square of the distance, and intensity is related to amplitude by the equation relating intensity to pressure, density, and angular frequency. So a doubling of distance results in the amplitude decreasing by a factor of 1/sqrt(2).
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Learning Objective 7 PHYS 101
Two waves of slightly different frequencies produce beats, which are a periodic variation in sound intensity or loudness. When the waves constructively interfere, intensity is maximum and amplitude is at its peak. When they destructively interfere, intensity is minimum and amplitude decreases. Beats allow musicians to tune instruments by matching frequencies until the beats disappear. The question examples calculate mean angular frequency, beat frequency, and intensity ratios using relevant equations from the document.
LO4 - Sound Waves
This powerpoint presentation looks at some properties of sound waves and explains the relationship between displacement and pressure of sound waves with a practice problem at the end.
Standing waves (lo)
The document discusses standing waves, which are created when two waves of the same amplitude and frequency traveling in opposite directions interfere. A series of diagrams show how the overlapping crests and troughs of the two waves create a standing wave pattern with fixed nodes and antinodes. Key properties of a standing wave are that the wave pattern remains fixed in space, while the displacement changes over time, and it has maximum amplitude at antinodes and zero amplitude at nodes. Standing waves differ from normal traveling waves in their amplitude, wavelength, phase, and energy distribution patterns.
Wave Propagation, Huygens' Principle, and 3D Interference
This document discusses key concepts of wave propagation including Huygens' principle, spherical waves, plane waves, and interference. Huygens' principle states that every point on a wavefront acts as a secondary source. Interference occurs when waves meet and can be constructive or destructive depending on whether the waves are in or out of phase. The document provides examples of applying Huygens' principle and formulas for calculating constructive and destructive interference based on the path length differences between waves. It also includes a sample interference question and explains how to approach such questions.
Wave Interference & Beats Worksheet
This document contains a physics worksheet on wave interference and beats. It includes 4 multiple choice or short answer questions:
1) Asks which statement about constructive interference is true when two waves with the same frequency are added together.
2) Asks what happens when two waves have the same amplitude, frequency and direction but opposite phases.
3) Asks for the definition of a beat.
4) Asks to calculate the beat frequency between two given tone frequencies.
Standing waves
Standing waves are harmonic waves with equal amplitude, wavelength, and frequency that are moving in opposite directions. They have a phase constant of 0. Standing waves have nodes where the amplitude is 0 and antinodes where the amplitude is at a maximum of 2A. The distance between nodes is half the wavelength, as is the distance between antinodes. An example problem calculates the length of a water pipe with a standing wave pattern by determining the wavelength from the given frequency and speed, and using the node and antinode spacing to relate the length to the wavelength.
Standing Waves
Standing waves occur when two waves of equal amplitude, frequency, and wavelength travel in opposite directions and combine. When this happens, the result is a wave that oscillates in simple harmonic motion where the string moves only up and down. Nodes occur where the amplitude is zero and anti-nodes where it is maximum. Standing waves can form on a string with fixed ends, with wavelengths that are integer divisions of the string length and resonant frequencies dependent on tension and mass density. This principle applies to stringed musical instruments where the string forms standing waves at harmonic frequencies.
Lo 6 standing waves
Standing waves occur when two waves of equal wavelength, frequency, and amplitude traveling in opposite directions interfere. The points of no displacement are called nodes, and the points of maximum displacement are called antinodes. A standing wave can be described by the equation D(x,t) = A(x)cos(ωt), where A(x) is the position-dependent amplitude. The distance between nodes and antinodes is λ/2, where λ is the wavelength. Standing waves are confined to a given space and do not transport energy like traveling waves.
Recommended
Learning Objective 7 PHYS 101
Two waves of slightly different frequencies produce beats, which are a periodic variation in sound intensity or loudness. When the waves constructively interfere, intensity is maximum and amplitude is at its peak. When they destructively interfere, intensity is minimum and amplitude decreases. Beats allow musicians to tune instruments by matching frequencies until the beats disappear. The question examples calculate mean angular frequency, beat frequency, and intensity ratios using relevant equations from the document.
LO4 - Sound Waves
This powerpoint presentation looks at some properties of sound waves and explains the relationship between displacement and pressure of sound waves with a practice problem at the end.
Standing waves (lo)
The document discusses standing waves, which are created when two waves of the same amplitude and frequency traveling in opposite directions interfere. A series of diagrams show how the overlapping crests and troughs of the two waves create a standing wave pattern with fixed nodes and antinodes. Key properties of a standing wave are that the wave pattern remains fixed in space, while the displacement changes over time, and it has maximum amplitude at antinodes and zero amplitude at nodes. Standing waves differ from normal traveling waves in their amplitude, wavelength, phase, and energy distribution patterns.
Wave Propagation, Huygens' Principle, and 3D Interference
This document discusses key concepts of wave propagation including Huygens' principle, spherical waves, plane waves, and interference. Huygens' principle states that every point on a wavefront acts as a secondary source. Interference occurs when waves meet and can be constructive or destructive depending on whether the waves are in or out of phase. The document provides examples of applying Huygens' principle and formulas for calculating constructive and destructive interference based on the path length differences between waves. It also includes a sample interference question and explains how to approach such questions.
Wave Interference & Beats Worksheet
This document contains a physics worksheet on wave interference and beats. It includes 4 multiple choice or short answer questions:
1) Asks which statement about constructive interference is true when two waves with the same frequency are added together.
2) Asks what happens when two waves have the same amplitude, frequency and direction but opposite phases.
3) Asks for the definition of a beat.
4) Asks to calculate the beat frequency between two given tone frequencies.
Standing waves
Standing waves are harmonic waves with equal amplitude, wavelength, and frequency that are moving in opposite directions. They have a phase constant of 0. Standing waves have nodes where the amplitude is 0 and antinodes where the amplitude is at a maximum of 2A. The distance between nodes is half the wavelength, as is the distance between antinodes. An example problem calculates the length of a water pipe with a standing wave pattern by determining the wavelength from the given frequency and speed, and using the node and antinode spacing to relate the length to the wavelength.
Standing Waves
Standing waves occur when two waves of equal amplitude, frequency, and wavelength travel in opposite directions and combine. When this happens, the result is a wave that oscillates in simple harmonic motion where the string moves only up and down. Nodes occur where the amplitude is zero and anti-nodes where it is maximum. Standing waves can form on a string with fixed ends, with wavelengths that are integer divisions of the string length and resonant frequencies dependent on tension and mass density. This principle applies to stringed musical instruments where the string forms standing waves at harmonic frequencies.
Lo 6 standing waves
Standing waves occur when two waves of equal wavelength, frequency, and amplitude traveling in opposite directions interfere. The points of no displacement are called nodes, and the points of maximum displacement are called antinodes. A standing wave can be described by the equation D(x,t) = A(x)cos(ωt), where A(x) is the position-dependent amplitude. The distance between nodes and antinodes is λ/2, where λ is the wavelength. Standing waves are confined to a given space and do not transport energy like traveling waves.
Standing waves final ppt
My Learning object describes what standing waves are, how to determine where the nodes and antinodes of a standing wave are and also about the fundamental and resonant frequencies. Their is a variety of questions from multiple choice, to true and false and also a problem solving question.
Standing Waves
Physics 101 LO6 which explains the components of standing waves, generates its equation, and tests the understanding of students by creating a practice problem with a worked solution in the end.
Standing Waves LO6 physics 101- Alvin Parappilly
This Learning Object 6 is based on Standing Waves. It gives a detailed description about what a standing wave is and how standing waves are formed. As well, the equations necessary to break down standing waves to get the amplitude, nodes, antinodes, etc are all included. Furthermore, a practice question is included along with a detailed solution to solve the problem with ease.
Standing Waves
Standing waves are caused by two waves interfering with each other, usually a wave and its reflection. A standing wave on a string is formed when the string length is a multiple of half wavelengths. The fundamental frequency is the lowest frequency at which a standing wave can form, which is equal to the wave speed divided by twice the string length. Harmonics are integer multiples of the fundamental frequency. Nodes are points that always have zero amplitude, while antinodes are points that have maximum amplitude.
IB Physics Standing Waves Flippingphysics by Nothingnerdy
1) Standing waves are produced by the superposition of two waves of equal amplitude and wavelength travelling in opposite directions. The displacements of the two waves add vectorially, resulting in areas of constructive and destructive interference.
2) On a string fixed at both ends, the fundamental mode has a node at each end and an antinode in the middle. Higher harmonics have additional nodes and antinodes appearing at regular intervals, with frequencies that are odd integer multiples of the fundamental frequency.
3) In pipes closed at both ends, the patterns of nodes and antinodes are similar to those on strings, with the fundamental mode having a node at each end and an antinode in the middle. Higher harmon
Standing waves
This document discusses standing waves on violin strings. It explains that standing waves are stationary waves formed by the superposition of two harmonic waves moving in opposite directions. Standing waves can be generated when a string is plucked with both ends fixed. The string will form nodes at points of zero amplitude and antinodes at points of maximum amplitude. For a string with two fixed ends, only certain integral multiples of half wavelengths are allowed as normal modes of vibration. The fundamental frequency of the string depends on the string length, tension, and linear mass density.
Standing waves
1. A standing wave is formed by two waves of equal amplitude, wavelength, and frequency travelling in opposite directions in the same medium.
2. Nodes occur at positions where the amplitude is zero, while antinodes occur at positions of maximum amplitude. The distance between nodes is half the wavelength, and between a node and adjacent antinode is a quarter wavelength.
3. For a string fixed at both ends, standing waves can form with wavelengths of 2L/m, where L is the string length and m is a positive integer. The lowest frequency is called the fundamental frequency. Higher integer multiples of this frequency are the harmonics.
Diffraction interference
The topic discusses about the types of wave front formation. It constitutes the difference between diffraction and interference along with a comparison chart and graphics. It also states the types of fringes formation and also states differences between constructive and destructive interference.
STATIONARY WAVES
Stationary waves are produced when two waves of the same frequency moving in opposite directions superimpose. When the waves are 180 degrees out of phase, they cancel each other out, and when they are in phase, they add together. A stationary wave appears stationary and consists of nodes where there is no displacement and antinodes where displacement is at a maximum. In contrast, a progressive wave transfers energy as it moves in one direction with uniform pressure and density changes.
Standing Waves on a String
In this presentation, I explain what a standing wave on a string is, the difference between a standing wave and a travelling wave, and go over some practice problems.
Standing Waves on a string
The document discusses standing waves on a string fixed at both ends. It explains that standing waves can only occur at certain wavelengths given by the formula λ=2L/m, where L is the string length and m is a positive integer. Using this formula, it calculates the wavelengths for m=5 and m=10. It also states that the lowest frequency corresponds to the highest wavelength of 2L. The document further discusses how tension, length, and linear mass density impact the string's frequency based on the frequency formula.
Standing Waves on Strings
Standing waves are created by two harmonic waves of equal amplitude, wavelength and frequency moving in opposite directions. Nodes occur where the amplitude is always zero, while antinodes occur where the amplitude is at its maximum between -2A and 2A. The distance between nodes and antinodes is λ/2, while the distance between a node and the nearest antinode is λ/4. The frequency of the mth harmonic is given by fm = m*f1, where f1 is the fundamental frequency.
Standing Waves on Strings
1) A string fixed at both ends can only oscillate in standing wave patterns with wavelengths given by λ=2L/m, where m is a positive integer.
2) The lowest frequency, called the fundamental frequency, corresponds to the longest wavelength of λ=2L.
3) Higher frequencies called harmonics have wavelengths given by λ=2L/m, where m is greater than 1.
Lo8
Waves from two sources can undergo constructive or destructive interference depending on whether crests or troughs overlap. Constructive interference occurs when crests or troughs overlap, increasing the overall amplitude, while destructive interference happens when a crest and trough overlap, canceling each other out. Even if the amplitudes differ between the sources, the locations of constructive and destructive interference remain the same, though the degree changes with amplitude.
2 sound sources wave interference
The PPT is about wave interference from 2 sound sources, illustrated with a simulation and a real life scenario problem.
Standing waves lo
A standing wave is formed by two harmonic waves of equal amplitude, wavelength and frequency moving in opposite directions. When they collide, each segment of the string oscillates in simple harmonic motion (SHM). Nodes occur where the amplitude is zero, and antinodes occur where the amplitude is at a maximum of 2A. The fundamental frequency is the lowest frequency at which a string will oscillate, and higher harmonics are integer multiples of this frequency. Standing waves in instruments like flutes and guitars are responsible for producing musical notes. The document provides an example of calculating the wave speed, length, and first three harmonic frequencies of a guitar string with given properties.
Huygens’ principle
Christiaan Huygens was a 17th century Dutch scientist who made important contributions to physics, including developing Huygens' Principle which describes wave propagation. Huygens' Principle represents each point on a wave front as a point source of secondary spherical wavelets, with the new wave front being the tangent lines to these secondary wavelets. Plane waves have parallel wave fronts, while spherical waves have expanding spherical wave fronts due to the point source nature of the secondary wavelets.
Interactions of waves
Waves can interact in several ways when they overlap in space. Constructive interference occurs when wave amplitudes add, increasing the overall amplitude. Destructive interference happens when wave amplitudes subtract, decreasing the overall amplitude. Reflection is when a wave bounces off a surface, obeying the law of reflection. Refraction is when a wave changes speed and direction as it enters a new medium. Standing waves form from the interference of traveling waves reflecting back on themselves, creating nodes and antinodes. Resonance amplifies vibrations at an object's natural frequency.
Igcse physics part 2
This document provides information on various physics concepts related to waves, sound, light, electricity, and circuits. It covers topics such as:
- Types of waves like transverse and longitudinal waves.
- Properties of sound waves including how they are generated and their ability to diffract.
- Speed of sound and how it can be measured using echo.
- Reflection, refraction, and total internal reflection of light.
- Lenses and image formation based on the object's position relative to the focal point.
- Electricity concepts such as charge, current, potential difference, resistance, and circuits.
- Power calculations using voltage, current, and resistance.
- Energy
Standing Waves on a String
This document discusses standing waves on strings. It explains that when a string with fixed ends is plucked, waves travel back and forth along the string creating standing waves. The allowed wavelengths are λ=2L/m, where L is the string length and m is a positive integer. These standing waves are called the normal modes of vibration, and their frequencies are given by fm=mf1, where f1 is the fundamental frequency. The document provides an example problem involving calculating the wave speed, number of reflections, wavelengths, frequencies, and node spacing for the first two normal modes of a plucked guitar string.
Total body irradiation
Total body irradiation (TBI) is used prior to bone marrow transplantation to eradicate diseased marrow, reduce tumor burden, and induce immunosuppression. Early regimens used single, large fractions but this caused high rates of pneumonitis. More recent fractionated regimens at lower dose rates have improved outcomes with reduced toxicity. Current myeloablative regimens use 12 Gy over 3 days while reduced-intensity regimens use 2 Gy. TBI is associated with acute toxicities and late effects including cataracts, infertility and increased risk of secondary cancers. New techniques aim to better shield organs to allow dose escalation.
18 Apr 2 Bg Radiation, Shielding, Inverse Square For Slideshare
The document discusses various topics related to radiation and nuclear physics, including:
1) The inverse-square law and how radiation intensity decreases with distance from the source. An experiment is described to demonstrate this.
2) Different types of ionizing radiation like alpha, beta, gamma rays and their properties. Experiments with shielding materials like lead are proposed.
3) Natural and medical sources of radiation and how they contribute to typical human annual radiation doses. Most exposure is from natural background sources like radon.
4) Nuclear reactions like alpha decay, neutron capture, and beta decay are explained. Isotopic notation and how the element changes during these reactions is also covered.
More Related Content
What's hot
Standing waves final ppt
My Learning object describes what standing waves are, how to determine where the nodes and antinodes of a standing wave are and also about the fundamental and resonant frequencies. Their is a variety of questions from multiple choice, to true and false and also a problem solving question.
Standing Waves
Physics 101 LO6 which explains the components of standing waves, generates its equation, and tests the understanding of students by creating a practice problem with a worked solution in the end.
Standing Waves LO6 physics 101- Alvin Parappilly
This Learning Object 6 is based on Standing Waves. It gives a detailed description about what a standing wave is and how standing waves are formed. As well, the equations necessary to break down standing waves to get the amplitude, nodes, antinodes, etc are all included. Furthermore, a practice question is included along with a detailed solution to solve the problem with ease.
Standing Waves
Standing waves are caused by two waves interfering with each other, usually a wave and its reflection. A standing wave on a string is formed when the string length is a multiple of half wavelengths. The fundamental frequency is the lowest frequency at which a standing wave can form, which is equal to the wave speed divided by twice the string length. Harmonics are integer multiples of the fundamental frequency. Nodes are points that always have zero amplitude, while antinodes are points that have maximum amplitude.
IB Physics Standing Waves Flippingphysics by Nothingnerdy
1) Standing waves are produced by the superposition of two waves of equal amplitude and wavelength travelling in opposite directions. The displacements of the two waves add vectorially, resulting in areas of constructive and destructive interference.
2) On a string fixed at both ends, the fundamental mode has a node at each end and an antinode in the middle. Higher harmonics have additional nodes and antinodes appearing at regular intervals, with frequencies that are odd integer multiples of the fundamental frequency.
3) In pipes closed at both ends, the patterns of nodes and antinodes are similar to those on strings, with the fundamental mode having a node at each end and an antinode in the middle. Higher harmon
Standing waves
This document discusses standing waves on violin strings. It explains that standing waves are stationary waves formed by the superposition of two harmonic waves moving in opposite directions. Standing waves can be generated when a string is plucked with both ends fixed. The string will form nodes at points of zero amplitude and antinodes at points of maximum amplitude. For a string with two fixed ends, only certain integral multiples of half wavelengths are allowed as normal modes of vibration. The fundamental frequency of the string depends on the string length, tension, and linear mass density.
Standing waves
1. A standing wave is formed by two waves of equal amplitude, wavelength, and frequency travelling in opposite directions in the same medium.
2. Nodes occur at positions where the amplitude is zero, while antinodes occur at positions of maximum amplitude. The distance between nodes is half the wavelength, and between a node and adjacent antinode is a quarter wavelength.
3. For a string fixed at both ends, standing waves can form with wavelengths of 2L/m, where L is the string length and m is a positive integer. The lowest frequency is called the fundamental frequency. Higher integer multiples of this frequency are the harmonics.
Diffraction interference
The topic discusses about the types of wave front formation. It constitutes the difference between diffraction and interference along with a comparison chart and graphics. It also states the types of fringes formation and also states differences between constructive and destructive interference.
STATIONARY WAVES
Stationary waves are produced when two waves of the same frequency moving in opposite directions superimpose. When the waves are 180 degrees out of phase, they cancel each other out, and when they are in phase, they add together. A stationary wave appears stationary and consists of nodes where there is no displacement and antinodes where displacement is at a maximum. In contrast, a progressive wave transfers energy as it moves in one direction with uniform pressure and density changes.
Standing Waves on a String
In this presentation, I explain what a standing wave on a string is, the difference between a standing wave and a travelling wave, and go over some practice problems.
Standing Waves on a string
The document discusses standing waves on a string fixed at both ends. It explains that standing waves can only occur at certain wavelengths given by the formula λ=2L/m, where L is the string length and m is a positive integer. Using this formula, it calculates the wavelengths for m=5 and m=10. It also states that the lowest frequency corresponds to the highest wavelength of 2L. The document further discusses how tension, length, and linear mass density impact the string's frequency based on the frequency formula.
Standing Waves on Strings
Standing waves are created by two harmonic waves of equal amplitude, wavelength and frequency moving in opposite directions. Nodes occur where the amplitude is always zero, while antinodes occur where the amplitude is at its maximum between -2A and 2A. The distance between nodes and antinodes is λ/2, while the distance between a node and the nearest antinode is λ/4. The frequency of the mth harmonic is given by fm = m*f1, where f1 is the fundamental frequency.
Standing Waves on Strings
1) A string fixed at both ends can only oscillate in standing wave patterns with wavelengths given by λ=2L/m, where m is a positive integer.
2) The lowest frequency, called the fundamental frequency, corresponds to the longest wavelength of λ=2L.
3) Higher frequencies called harmonics have wavelengths given by λ=2L/m, where m is greater than 1.
Lo8
Waves from two sources can undergo constructive or destructive interference depending on whether crests or troughs overlap. Constructive interference occurs when crests or troughs overlap, increasing the overall amplitude, while destructive interference happens when a crest and trough overlap, canceling each other out. Even if the amplitudes differ between the sources, the locations of constructive and destructive interference remain the same, though the degree changes with amplitude.
2 sound sources wave interference
The PPT is about wave interference from 2 sound sources, illustrated with a simulation and a real life scenario problem.
Standing waves lo
A standing wave is formed by two harmonic waves of equal amplitude, wavelength and frequency moving in opposite directions. When they collide, each segment of the string oscillates in simple harmonic motion (SHM). Nodes occur where the amplitude is zero, and antinodes occur where the amplitude is at a maximum of 2A. The fundamental frequency is the lowest frequency at which a string will oscillate, and higher harmonics are integer multiples of this frequency. Standing waves in instruments like flutes and guitars are responsible for producing musical notes. The document provides an example of calculating the wave speed, length, and first three harmonic frequencies of a guitar string with given properties.
Huygens’ principle
Christiaan Huygens was a 17th century Dutch scientist who made important contributions to physics, including developing Huygens' Principle which describes wave propagation. Huygens' Principle represents each point on a wave front as a point source of secondary spherical wavelets, with the new wave front being the tangent lines to these secondary wavelets. Plane waves have parallel wave fronts, while spherical waves have expanding spherical wave fronts due to the point source nature of the secondary wavelets.
Interactions of waves
Waves can interact in several ways when they overlap in space. Constructive interference occurs when wave amplitudes add, increasing the overall amplitude. Destructive interference happens when wave amplitudes subtract, decreasing the overall amplitude. Reflection is when a wave bounces off a surface, obeying the law of reflection. Refraction is when a wave changes speed and direction as it enters a new medium. Standing waves form from the interference of traveling waves reflecting back on themselves, creating nodes and antinodes. Resonance amplifies vibrations at an object's natural frequency.
Igcse physics part 2
This document provides information on various physics concepts related to waves, sound, light, electricity, and circuits. It covers topics such as:
- Types of waves like transverse and longitudinal waves.
- Properties of sound waves including how they are generated and their ability to diffract.
- Speed of sound and how it can be measured using echo.
- Reflection, refraction, and total internal reflection of light.
- Lenses and image formation based on the object's position relative to the focal point.
- Electricity concepts such as charge, current, potential difference, resistance, and circuits.
- Power calculations using voltage, current, and resistance.
- Energy
Standing Waves on a String
This document discusses standing waves on strings. It explains that when a string with fixed ends is plucked, waves travel back and forth along the string creating standing waves. The allowed wavelengths are λ=2L/m, where L is the string length and m is a positive integer. These standing waves are called the normal modes of vibration, and their frequencies are given by fm=mf1, where f1 is the fundamental frequency. The document provides an example problem involving calculating the wave speed, number of reflections, wavelengths, frequencies, and node spacing for the first two normal modes of a plucked guitar string.
What's hot (20)
IB Physics Standing Waves Flippingphysics by Nothingnerdy
IB Physics Standing Waves Flippingphysics by Nothingnerdy
Viewers also liked
Total body irradiation
Total body irradiation (TBI) is used prior to bone marrow transplantation to eradicate diseased marrow, reduce tumor burden, and induce immunosuppression. Early regimens used single, large fractions but this caused high rates of pneumonitis. More recent fractionated regimens at lower dose rates have improved outcomes with reduced toxicity. Current myeloablative regimens use 12 Gy over 3 days while reduced-intensity regimens use 2 Gy. TBI is associated with acute toxicities and late effects including cataracts, infertility and increased risk of secondary cancers. New techniques aim to better shield organs to allow dose escalation.
18 Apr 2 Bg Radiation, Shielding, Inverse Square For Slideshare
The document discusses various topics related to radiation and nuclear physics, including:
1) The inverse-square law and how radiation intensity decreases with distance from the source. An experiment is described to demonstrate this.
2) Different types of ionizing radiation like alpha, beta, gamma rays and their properties. Experiments with shielding materials like lead are proposed.
3) Natural and medical sources of radiation and how they contribute to typical human annual radiation doses. Most exposure is from natural background sources like radon.
4) Nuclear reactions like alpha decay, neutron capture, and beta decay are explained. Isotopic notation and how the element changes during these reactions is also covered.
4 D Techniques
This document discusses 4D techniques for developing open source web 2.0 projects including discovery, design, development, and deployment. The discovery phase involves searching, surveying, exploring, and identifying relevant information through methods like search engines, surveys, market research, and identifying customer needs. The design phase creates personas, card sorting, navigation structures, and wireframes. Development includes templates, plugins, screenshots, and prototypes. Deployment delivers the completed project live for public use. An example project called Sitprosol is provided that addresses the situation of unhealthy eating habits, the problems they cause, and potential solutions.
Tbi ppt1
The document discusses total body irradiation (TBI), which involves delivering radiation to the entire body to condition patients for stem cell transplantation. It provides an overview of the history, concept, indications, doses, prerequisites, and treatment planning for TBI. Complications of TBI are also reviewed, including both immediate toxicities like nausea and vomiting as well as late effects such as salivary gland dysfunction and pneumonitis.
Radiation therapy
Radiation therapy uses high-energy beams to destroy cancer cells. Common side effects include fatigue, skin irritation, and dry mouth. Patients receiving radiation must take steps to prevent infection and bleeding by washing hands, avoiding crowds, and being careful of irradiated skin. Nurses educate patients on managing side effects and lifestyle changes during and after treatment.
t2 sine and cosine law inverse trig-functions
The document discusses some basic geometric facts about triangles. It states that a triangle is rigid and the sum of the lengths of any two sides must be greater than the third side. The longest side is opposite the largest angle, the medium side opposite the medium angle, and the shortest side opposite the smallest angle. The sum of the interior angles is 180 degrees. It also introduces the Sine Law and Cosine Law, which relate the sides and trigonometric functions of the angles in a triangle, and provides examples of using these laws to solve for unknown sides or angles of a triangle.
LINAC
A linear accelerator is a medical device used in radiation therapy to treat cancer. It contains components like a radio frequency power source, modulator, electron gun, and accelerator guide. Electrons are injected into the accelerator guide in pulses from the electron gun and accelerated using high-frequency electromagnetic waves supplied by the RF power source down the guide to produce a beam of x-ray radiation to treat tumors. Linear accelerators are used to treat cancers of the bone, head, neck, pelvis, and thorax by emitting precisely targeted beams of radiation.
Total body irradiation
This is a presentation on total body irradiation. This presentation explains about various techniques. positions used for TBI. Advantages and disadvantages of TBI.
It also gives an idea on Dosage and side effects.
Fractionated radiation and dose rate effect
Fractionated radiation and the dose-rate effect can impact cell survival through mechanisms like sublethal damage (SLD) repair and cell cycle redistribution. SLD repair occurs as double-strand breaks are rejoined after radiation exposure. At lower dose rates, more SLD can be repaired between fractions, improving cell survival. However, very low dose rates may instead reduce survival if cells become frozen in radiosensitive phases of the cell cycle. The dose-rate effect varies between cell types and depends on factors like oxygenation and ability to progress through the cell cycle after radiation.
Proton beam therapy
Proton beam therapy uses protons to treat cancer. It can reduce the dose to healthy tissues compared to photon therapy by depositing most of the energy at a specific depth. Proton therapy has potential applications in tumors near critical structures where dose escalation may improve outcomes. However, more evidence from controlled trials is still needed to demonstrate comparative effectiveness versus other radiation therapies.
Nursing care of radiation
Nursing care for patients undergoing radiation therapy focuses on informed consent, treatment side effect management, safety precautions, and patient education. Radiation therapy uses ionizing radiation to target and destroy cancer cells, and can be given externally via a machine or internally via implants. Common side effects include fatigue, skin changes, and hair loss. Nurses ensure proper skin preparation, positioning using tattoos as guides, dietary restrictions, symptom management, activity limitations, and educate patients on safety precautions around radiation exposure and skin care.
Quality Assurance in Radiotherapy
Quality Assurance in Radiotherapy. Web-based quality assurance; using medical web instrument to facilitate the education, collaboration and peer review, providing an environment in which clinical investigators can receive, share and analyse treatment planning digital data.
Radiotherapy in benign disease.
This document discusses the use of radiation therapy for various benign diseases. It provides an overview of indications for radiation therapy in benign tumors and conditions of the nervous system, head and neck region, orbits, skin and soft tissues, and skeletal system. Risks of secondary malignancies from radiation are outlined. The document reviews evidence-based radiation doses and techniques for specific benign diseases.
IMPROVISED RADIOTHERAPY TECHNIQUES IN TELE COBALT WITHOUT MLC
IMPROVISED RADIOTHERAPY TECHNIQUES IN TELE COBALT WITHOUT MLCKidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore
This study investigated generating improved 3D treatment plans for telecoabalt machines without MLC by using locally available materials like universal shielding blocks. The study aimed to see if plans similar to IMRT could be created on telecoabalt to help poor patients who cannot afford linear accelerator treatment but need advanced techniques. Two case studies are presented where improved 3D plans were created for telecoabalt that provided dose coverage and sparing of normal tissues comparable to IMRT plans. The conclusion is that 3DCRT/IMRT type plans are feasible on telecoabalt with careful planning using field-in-field techniques and custom shielding blocks.TBI Presentation
This is a presentation on TBI basics and person centered principles of neuropsychological assessment and rehabilitation.
Isotopic Teletherapy Machines
The document discusses isotopic teletherapy machines, which use cobalt-60 or cesium-137 radioactive sources to produce gamma rays for external beam radiation therapy. It describes the components and operation of cobalt-60 teletherapy machines, including the radioactive cobalt-60 source, source housing, collimators, gantry, patient support assembly, and control console. Key factors in selecting radioisotopes are high gamma ray energy, long half-life, and ability to produce large quantities for clinical use.
Cobalt 60
The document discusses cobalt-60 and its use in external beam radiation therapy. Cobalt-60 is a radioactive isotope that decays through beta decay, emitting two gamma rays with energies of 1.17 and 1.33 MeV. It is used as a sealed source in teletherapy units, where its gamma rays are aimed at cancerous tumors from multiple angles to destroy cancer cells. The main components of a cobalt-60 machine are the head containing the cobalt-60 source, a collimator to shape the beam, a gantry that rotates around the patient, and a patient support assembly. Cobalt-60 therapy has been used for almost 60 years to treat various cancers throughout the body due its precision and effectiveness.
Acoustics and basic audiometry
This document provides an overview of acoustics and basic audiometry concepts. It defines key terms like frequency, intensity, pitch and loudness. It explains that frequency is a physical property of sound measured in Hertz, while pitch is the human perception of how high or low a sound is. Intensity is the physical measurement of sound pressure in decibels, while loudness is the human perception of sound intensity. The document also reviews concepts like pure tones, complex sounds, fundamental frequency, harmonics, and resonant frequency. It describes how to perform a basic audiologic assessment, including taking a case history, performing puretone audiometry to test air and bone conduction thresholds, and assessing speech recognition.
Complications from radiation therapy by A. Rapidis
This document summarizes complications that can arise from radiation therapy, including acute and late effects. Acute complications include mucositis, skin reactions, and infection. Late complications discussed include xerostomia, radiation caries, trismus, radiation-induced malignancies, and osteoradionecrosis. Risk factors for osteoradionecrosis include radiation dose, use of brachytherapy, time since radiation, and dental extractions post-radiation. Management of osteoradionecrosis may include the use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy, though its efficacy remains unclear due to limited high-quality studies.
Linear Accelerators
Linear accelerators (linacs) are used to generate high energy x-ray and electron beams for radiation therapy. A linac consists of an electron gun, radiofrequency power source, accelerating waveguide, beam transport system, and treatment head. Electrons are generated and accelerated to megavoltage energies using microwave fields in the waveguide. The accelerated electron beam is transported and bent using magnets to strike a target and produce x-rays, or exit directly as an electron beam. The treatment head houses the target, flattening filter, collimators, and monitors to shape the beam for patient treatment. Modern linacs provide flexible photon and electron beams with variable energies for radiation therapy.
Viewers also liked (20)
18 Apr 2 Bg Radiation, Shielding, Inverse Square For Slideshare
18 Apr 2 Bg Radiation, Shielding, Inverse Square For Slideshare
IMPROVISED RADIOTHERAPY TECHNIQUES IN TELE COBALT WITHOUT MLC
IMPROVISED RADIOTHERAPY TECHNIQUES IN TELE COBALT WITHOUT MLC
Complications from radiation therapy by A. Rapidis
Complications from radiation therapy by A. Rapidis
Similar to Sound waves
Sound waves- Power and Intensity
This document discusses sound waves, power, intensity, and how they relate to distance from a sound source. It provides equations for power and intensity of sound waves. Power is the rate at which energy is delivered, while intensity is the power delivered per unit area. Intensity is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from an isotropic (uniformly radiating) source. The document includes a sample problem asking how the amplitude of sound waves observed by a person would change if the distance from the speaker doubled. The solution is that the amplitude would halve, since intensity, and thus amplitude, is inversely proportional to the square of the distance.
Ch 7 physical optics final
1. Physical Optics deals with the wave nature of light, specifically electromagnetic waves described by Maxwell's equations, whereas Geometrical Optics deals with the particle nature of light.
2. Maxwell established that light is an electromagnetic wave that propagates through space at a constant speed. Hertz later produced electromagnetic waves experimentally.
3. Interference and diffraction of light can be explained using Huygens' principle that each point on a wavefront acts as a secondary source emitting spherical wavelets. This allows prediction of phenomena like interference patterns, reflection and refraction of light.
KRK-PhysicsofUltrasound.pptx
Ultrasound propagates as pressure waves through materials. The speed of sound depends on the density and compressibility of the medium. Plane and spherical waves can model ultrasound propagation. Reflection, refraction, and attenuation occur at boundaries between tissues. The Doppler effect alters ultrasound frequency based on relative motion between the source and receiver. Beamforming uses an array of transducer elements to focus ultrasound and form images by detecting echoes from tissue interfaces and structures.
HUYGEN PRINCIPAL
This document provides a summary of key concepts related to interference and diffraction of light. It discusses Huygen's principle, how light diffracts through single and double slits, and how this results in interference patterns of light and dark bands. It also covers how diffraction gratings can be used to separate light into different colors based on wavelength. The document derives mathematical expressions to describe these interference and diffraction phenomena. Key findings include how the spacing and number of slits or lines on a diffraction grating determine the angular separation of bands in the interference pattern.
NEO_JEE_12_P1_PHY_E_Wave Optics_8_208.pdf
The document discusses wave optics and the wave nature of light. It explains that light behaves as waves under certain conditions and can exhibit phenomena like interference and diffraction. It describes key concepts in wave optics like wavefronts, Huygens' principle, interference, and Young's double slit experiment. The double slit experiment demonstrates the wave nature of light by producing an interference pattern on a screen from a coherent light source passing through two slits.
Ctsc waves-light and sound
1) There are two main types of waves - transverse waves where the displacement is perpendicular to the direction of propagation like light waves, and longitudinal waves where displacement is parallel to propagation like sound waves.
2) Key wave properties are defined including wavelength, frequency, amplitude, and period.
3) Waves transfer energy and information through a medium without the medium moving significantly, such as light carrying energy from the sun and waves transferring energy in oceans.
Sound resounance
The document discusses key concepts related to the propagation of sound waves. It defines that sound needs a medium to propagate through and discusses how sound waves are generated by vibrating sources and transmitted through different mediums. The speed of sound depends on the properties of the medium, not the frequency or amplitude of the sound. Sound intensity decreases with distance from the source according to the inverse square law.
Echo Physics and Doppler
This document discusses the physics of ultrasound and Doppler. It covers topics such as:
- Waves can transfer energy through a medium without transferring matter. Ultrasound uses sound waves above 20kHz.
- Frequency, wavelength, velocity and amplitude are key wave properties. Velocity equals frequency multiplied by wavelength.
- Ultrasound reflects off tissues, with denser tissues reflecting more. Reflection, refraction, diffraction and attenuation affect ultrasound imaging.
- Doppler shift measures the change in frequency of waves from a moving source, allowing calculation of flow velocity. Spectral and continuous wave Doppler are used to assess flow.
Interference and Beats
Spherical waves oscillate in space and time with amplitudes that remain constant over any spherical surface centered on the source. The wave function of a spherical wave can be written as S(r, t) = sm (r)cos (kr - ωt + φ). Locations where two waves are perfectly in phase occur when the path difference is an integer multiple of the wavelength. Locations where two waves are perfectly out of phase occur when one path is an integer multiple of wavelengths and the other is a half integer multiple. When the frequency difference between two sound waves is small, a beat is heard; when the difference is large, two distinct tones are heard.
Sound levels
The document discusses how sound level is quantified. It explains that sound intensity and decibel level were developed to better express sound levels compared to relative terms like loud and quiet. Intensity is a measure of a sound wave's power per unit area. The intensity decreases with the inverse square of the distance from the sound source due to the wave's energy spreading over a larger area. Decibel levels make the wide range of sound intensities more manageable by using a logarithmic scale.
Physics P1.5
P1.5 Presentation.
Useful for revision for exams as it contains accurate information.
It includes:
- What are Waves
- Waves Definitions
- Energy Transfer
- Wave Speed
- Frequency & Time Period
- Light & Sound
- Reflection
- Refraction
- Diffraction
- Measuring Waves
- Oscilloscopes
- Ray Diagrams
- Using Light
- Red Shift
- The Big Bang Theory
This final presentation completes the whole of Physics (P1). This'll hopefully become part of a bigger collection of other science topics, soon to be uploaded.
Thank You. To all of you out there who may find my presentation helpful in any way, shape or form.I pleased to now be able to say the P1 Collection is now complete. Soon I'll be uploading other presentation on Physics, such as; P2 & P3 Hope you find these presentations useful and helpful for exams or just general revision. More presentation coming soon on this channel, JaskiratK.
See You Soon,
Jaskirat
Created By: JaskiratK
Uploaded By: JaskiratK
Information By: BBC Bitesize
Pictures/Images/Diagram: Google, BBC Bitesize
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/JaskiratK
Prezi: https://prezi.com/user/mrnfvgaamzxe/
Learning object 2
The document discusses beats, which occur when two sounds with similar frequencies interact. Beats are heard as a modulation in volume as the waves alternately interfere constructively and destructively. When trying to tune a flute to a tuner emitting 440Hz, but the flute is playing at 434Hz, beats will be heard at a frequency of 6Hz as the two tones modulate together. The overall tone heard will be the average frequency of 437Hz.
SUBJECT: PHYSICS - Chapter 6 : Superposition of waves (CLASS XII - MAHARASH...
1. The document discusses the physics concept of superposition of waves. It defines superposition as when two or more waves pass through a common point, the resulting displacement is the vector sum of the individual displacements.
2. Examples of superposition include two pulses of equal amplitude and same phase combining to produce a pulse with double the amplitude, and two pulses of equal amplitude and opposite phases combining to produce no net displacement.
3. Stationary waves occur when two identical waves travel in opposite directions through a medium, resulting in points of no displacement called nodes and points of maximum displacement called antinodes.
Physics 101 LO4 - Power and Intensity
The document discusses sound power, intensity, and how intensity decreases with distance from the sound source. It defines power as the energy emitted by sound waves over time and intensity as the amount of energy carried by sound waves through a given area. Intensity is commonly referred to as loudness. While the energy of a sound wave remains constant with distance, the area it covers increases with distance from the source, causing intensity to decrease with the inverse square of the distance. Therefore, if the distance doubles, the intensity decreases by a factor of 4 and the amplitude halves.
04 UNIT-4 (WAVES) .pptx
The document discusses waves, including:
1) Progressive waves transfer energy from one point to another through periodic disturbance. Transverse waves have particles vibrating perpendicular to propagation, while longitudinal waves have particles vibrating parallel.
2) Transverse waves produce crests and troughs. Longitudinal waves produce compressions and rarefactions.
3) Characteristics of waves include wavelength, time period, frequency, amplitude, and wave velocity which equals frequency multiplied by wavelength.
laser-ppt.ppt
- Lasers were invented in 1958 based on earlier work by Einstein and others on stimulated emission of radiation.
- A laser works by stimulating electrons in an excited state to emit photons coherently and in phase through a process called stimulated emission, which requires a population inversion where more atoms are in an excited state than a ground state.
- Laser light has three unique properties: it is highly monochromatic, directional, and coherent, unlike ordinary light. These properties allow lasers to deposit energy in a small area.
Waves 2014
This document discusses different types of waves including transverse waves, longitudinal waves, and electromagnetic waves. It describes key characteristics of waves like amplitude, wavelength, frequency, and speed. Specific types of waves are explained such as sound waves which are longitudinal waves that require a medium, and visible light which is a portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. The document also covers topics like the relationship between an object's temperature and the color of light it emits, as well as how radio telescopes can detect radio waves from astronomical objects to learn about their properties.
Computational Linear Algebra in Wireless Communications
Describes single- and multiple-antenna wireless digital communications from the point of view of applied mathematician.
Chapter 6 - Superposition of waves.pptx
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD
CLASS XI and XII
CHAPTER 6
SUPERPOSITION OF WAVES
CONTENT:
Introduction
Transverse and
longitudinal waves
Displacement relation in a
progressive wave
The speed of a travelling
wave
The principle of
superposition of waves
Reflection of waves
Beats
Doppler effect
Similar to Sound waves (20)
SUBJECT: PHYSICS - Chapter 6 : Superposition of waves (CLASS XII - MAHARASH...
SUBJECT: PHYSICS - Chapter 6 : Superposition of waves (CLASS XII - MAHARASH...
Computational Linear Algebra in Wireless Communications
Computational Linear Algebra in Wireless Communications
Recently uploaded
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
مصحف القراءات العشر أعد أحرف الخلاف سمير بسيوني.pdf
مصحف أحرف الخلاف للقراء العشرةأعد أحرف الخلاف بالتلوين وصلا سمير بسيوني غفر الله له
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
https://app.box.com/s/y977uz6bpd3af4qsebv7r9b7s21935vdPengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.ppt
The History of NZ 1870-1900.
Making of a Nation.
From the NZ Wars to Liberals,
Richard Seddon, George Grey,
Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit Innovation
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
Mule event processing models | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #47
Mule event processing models | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #47
Event Link:- https://meetups.mulesoft.com/events/details/mulesoft-mysore-presents-mule-event-processing-models/
Agenda
● What is event processing in MuleSoft?
● Types of event processing models in Mule 4
● Distinction between the reactive, parallel, blocking & non-blocking processing
For Upcoming Meetups Join Mysore Meetup Group - https://meetups.mulesoft.com/mysore/YouTube:- youtube.com/@mulesoftmysore
Mysore WhatsApp group:- https://chat.whatsapp.com/EhqtHtCC75vCAX7gaO842N
Speaker:-
Shivani Yasaswi - https://www.linkedin.com/in/shivaniyasaswi/
Organizers:-
Shubham Chaurasia - https://www.linkedin.com/in/shubhamchaurasia1/
Giridhar Meka - https://www.linkedin.com/in/giridharmeka
Priya Shaw - https://www.linkedin.com/in/priya-shaw
BBR 2024 Summer Sessions Interview Training
Qualitative research interview training by Professor Katrina Pritchard and Dr Helen Williams
Wound healing PPT
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptx
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
Traditional Musical Instruments of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh - RAYH...
Traditional Musical Instruments of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh
BIOLOGY NATIONAL EXAMINATION COUNCIL (NECO) 2024 PRACTICAL MANUAL.pptx
Practical manual for National Examination Council, Nigeria.
Contains guides on answering questions on the specimens provided
Recently uploaded (20)
B. Ed Syllabus for babasaheb ambedkar education university.pdf
B. Ed Syllabus for babasaheb ambedkar education university.pdf
مصحف القراءات العشر أعد أحرف الخلاف سمير بسيوني.pdf
مصحف القراءات العشر أعد أحرف الخلاف سمير بسيوني.pdf
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.ppt
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.ppt
SWOT analysis in the project Keeping the Memory @live.pptx
SWOT analysis in the project Keeping the Memory @live.pptx
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit Innovation
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit Innovation
Mule event processing models | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #47
Mule event processing models | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #47
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptx
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptx
Traditional Musical Instruments of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh - RAYH...
Traditional Musical Instruments of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh - RAYH...
BIOLOGY NATIONAL EXAMINATION COUNCIL (NECO) 2024 PRACTICAL MANUAL.pptx
BIOLOGY NATIONAL EXAMINATION COUNCIL (NECO) 2024 PRACTICAL MANUAL.pptx
Sound waves
- 1. Sound Waves Power, Intensity, and the Inverse Square Law
- 2. Problem: • A person is standing beside a speaker as it plays a 10,000 Hz tone. The sound waves travel away from the speaker uniformly in all directions. If the distance from the speaker doubles, then the amplitude of the waves that the person observes:
- 3. Key Equations: • 𝐼 = 1 2 𝜌𝑣𝜔 2 𝑠 𝑚 2 • 𝐼 = 𝑃 4𝜋𝑟2 • sm is the amplitude of the sound wave
- 4. Ideas: • by the inverse square law, radiated energy is inversely proportional to the square of the distance • Energy for a sound wave is the intensity • We are looking for the amplitude, so we find a relation between the intensity and the amplitude
- 5. Solution: • Relate the two key equations and solve for amplitude • 1 2 𝜌𝑣𝜔 2 𝑠 𝑚 2 = 𝑃 4𝜋𝑟2 • 𝑠 𝑚 2 = 2𝑃 4𝜋𝑟2 𝜌𝑣𝜔 2 • We can rewrite this equation as: 𝑠 𝑚 2 = 1 𝑟2 × 2𝑃 4𝜋𝜌𝑣𝜔 2
- 6. Solution cont’d • This shows that the term not involving r, the distance, is a constant • 𝑠 𝑚 = 1 𝑟2 × 2𝑃 4𝜋𝜌𝑣𝜔 2 • From this equation we can see that the amplitude of the sound wave decreases by a factor of 1 𝑟 • Because our distance is doubled, r = 2, meaning that the amplitude of the sound wave that the person observes is halved.
- 7. Concept extensions • 𝑠 𝑚 2 = 2𝑃 4𝜋𝑟2 𝜌𝑣𝜔 2 • From this equation, we can see how the amplitude of the sound wave will change with a different independent variables • For example, given two situations that have similar wave speed, angular frequencies, distances, and total power, if the sound wave travels through a different medium, then the wave amplitude would change by a factor of 1 ∆𝜌