Bullying can negatively impact victims both physically and emotionally and have long-lasting effects. Some reasons why certain girls are bullied more than others include being jealous of them, not fighting back, seeming different, having a higher or lower socioeconomic status, hitting puberty earlier or later than peers, or being disabled. Victims of bullying are more likely to struggle academically, have lower participation in school, drop out, and experience depression and anxiety as adults. They are also three times as likely to consider suicide compared to their non-bullied peers.
Hey guys! So for English class we had to get into groups and make a persuasive essay. My group and i decided to persuade against bullying. Along with out essay, we made a slide show for fun. This slide shows true facts that were researched. I really hope Lexi Saal can see this!
Hey guys! So for English class we had to get into groups and make a persuasive essay. My group and i decided to persuade against bullying. Along with out essay, we made a slide show for fun. This slide shows true facts that were researched. I really hope Lexi Saal can see this!
Bullying is an ongoing physical or Verbal mistreatment where there is an imbalance of power and the victim (target) is exposed repeatedly to negative actions on the part of one or more other students.
This presentation was created to explain what bullying is and how it is used. You might realize that you are the victim of bulling or that you are actually being a bully!
A Slideshow Presentation on Bullying made for an assignment on AC-1201 UBD,
Ugh some of the font is messed up.
There were 9 slideshow altogether, but I decided to compile all of them in one.
The first slide was suppose to have hyperlinks to the rest of the slides.
Bullying is an ongoing physical or Verbal mistreatment where there is an imbalance of power and the victim (target) is exposed repeatedly to negative actions on the part of one or more other students.
This presentation was created to explain what bullying is and how it is used. You might realize that you are the victim of bulling or that you are actually being a bully!
A Slideshow Presentation on Bullying made for an assignment on AC-1201 UBD,
Ugh some of the font is messed up.
There were 9 slideshow altogether, but I decided to compile all of them in one.
The first slide was suppose to have hyperlinks to the rest of the slides.
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School Bullying: toward Better Mitigation and ResponseJason Atherton
Presentation on school bullying as part of the Strategies to Mitigate and Respond to Bullying seminar at Intertel Academy on November 11 2016. https://www.intertel.co.za
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
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2. Is the use of technology to harass, threaten, embarrass, or target another
person. By definition, it occurs among young people. When an adult is
involved, it may meet the definition of cyber-harassment or cyber-
stalking, a crime that can have legal consequences and involve jail time.
Sometimes cyberbullying can be easy to spot — for example, if your child
shows you a text message, tweet, or response to a status update on
Facebook that is harsh, mean, or cruel. Other acts are less obvious, like
impersonating a victim online or posting personal information, photos, or
videos designed to hurt or embarrass another person. Some kids report
that a fake account, web page, or online persona has been created with the
sole intention to harass and bully.
Also can happen accidentally. The impersonal nature of text
messages, IMs, and emails make it very hard to detect the sender's tone —
one person's joke could be another's hurtful insult. Nevertheless, a
repeated pattern of emails, text messages, and online posts is rarely
accidental.
3. Diferencies between bullying and
cyberbullying
Cyber bullying involves sending threats and sexual comments via emails just to
embarrass some person. Personal Bullying occurs when one is in front of other and
the target knows the person from whom he is being bullied. Cyber
bully, however, allows the bully to hide himself making it difficult for the victim and
easy for the bully to make problems for someone. Prevention of simple type of
bullying is easier as the person who is bulling is identified and you can take action
against him while cyber bullying does not allow you to do so.
Bullying is a type of abuse which involves the usage of a certain act again and again
with an attempt to force one person’s power and authority over some other. Bullying
causes an imbalance of power which might be social or physical depending on the
cases. Most of the times, bullying is a result of inability of a person to cope with a
person who is being targeted. The basic types of bullying are three which are
verbal, physical or emotional abuse. The method of bullying most of the times involves
intimidating others and there are a number of ways to define bullying, however
proper definition of bullying is not stated.
4. The most common place for your child to be bullied is at school. After
all, the majority of your child's waking hours are spent in school.
School is also where your child is exposed to hundreds of other kids;
some older, some younger, and many more of the same age. But
bullying also happens outside of school, at after-school
activities, weekend sporting events, in neighborhoods, and in your
own backyard. It can happen anywhere, anytime, to anyone. Parents
and school officials used to believe that most bullying happened on
the way to or from school. Perhaps this was true when groups of kids
walked, unsupervised, to the neighborhood school. But now the
majority of traditional bullying events occur during regular school
hours. And, to add to the unpleasantness, outside of school hours, a
growing number of kids are being cyber bullied in their own homes.
5.
6. Examples
Examples: Last year, several Facebook tribute pages set up
in memory of a former Crestwood High School student who
committed suicide were defaced with offensive comments
and photos.
They were later removed or shut down after police
complained to Facebook.
Last year, Queenslander Bradley Paul Hampson was jailed
for three years for posting offensive comments and child
pornography over the Facebook tribute sites of two
schoolchildren who had been killed.
7. Bullying Hurts
Not only can bullying hurt someone’s feelings, it can have other more serious effects. Some
problems can even last until you are an adult! Bullying can play a role in:
•Sadness, hurt feelings, loneliness, and depression
•Poor body image, low self-esteem, and even eating disorders, especially when teased about
weight
•Skipping school, bad grades, and being afraid to go to school
•Headaches, stomach aches, and anxiety
•Trouble sleeping
•Thoughts and acts of suicide, in very bad cases
Bullying others or being bullied can hurt someone both physically and emotionally — and have
effects even after you become an adult!
If you are being bullied by someone, it’s ok to ask for help if you are experiencing any of the
effects listed above. Teachers, parents, a doctor or nurse, and other trusted adults should be
able to help you. Girlshealth.gov can also help you learn about how to stop a bully
8. Are you a Bully?
• Many people may be bullies and not even
know it! To find out if you are a bully, take this
quiz.
• Once you realize that you are bullying others
there are things you can do to stop. Click on
these tips to learn how to make a change and
become a better person.
9. Why some girls are Bullied?
• Many young women who are bullied do not try to stop the bullies. This
may be because they do not know many other teen girls are also bullied
each year. Some teens are so afraid of losing their friends that they go
along with what others say and do, even if it is mean and hurts themselves
or other people.
• So why do certain people get bullied? Why are they bullied more than
others? Typically, bullies often pick on:
• People they are jealous of
• Girls who will not fight back
• People who seem “different” from themselves or their friends
• Teens who may be “richer” or “poorer” than the bully
• Girls who hit puberty earlier or later than others in the class
• People with a disability
• Sometimes, kids are bullied because they are gay. You can watch President
Obama's speech after the tragic bullying of some gay students.
10. Victims of Bullying
Are more likely to struggle in their classes, decrease their participation at school, and drop out before
graduation. Adults that were bullied as children are more prone to depression and anxiety. They are
three times more likely to consider suicide than their peers.
Imagine working in an office where bullying is tolerated. A co-worker who is stronger than you may
distract you from your job, spread vicious rumors about you, take your possessions, threaten you, or
openly mock you with the intention of causing you pain. When you explain the abuse to your boss, the
response is clear: "You need to stop complaining and work this out together." You are punished for
being a "tattletale." Most adults wouldn't put up with this sort of treatment at work, yet victimized
children are commonly expected to confront their abusers on their own and with no way to defend
themselves.
In learning how to communicate with each other, it's natural for children to argue among
friends, experience anger or frustration, and "play fight." But, bullying is different. A bully harasses and
degrades a victim for the sole purpose of causing pain. Constant name calling, threats, physical
abuse, and gossip can leave a child seriously hurt and depressed. These victimized children don't have
the power to stop the bullying. They need your help.
In just fifteen minutes you can help stop bullying in your community by learning how to recognize
bullying, educating others, and intervening to stop children from being harmed by bullies.