Conservation Agriculture (CA) is a concept for resource-saving agricultural crop production system that strives to achieve acceptable profits together with high and sustained production levels while conserving the environment.
It is based on minimum tillage, crop residue retention, and crop rotations, has been proposed as an alternative system combining benefits for the farmer with advantages for the society.
Conservation Agriculture remains an important technology that improves soil processes, controls soil erosion and reduces production cost.
Conservation Agriculture (CA) is a concept for resource-saving agricultural crop production system that strives to achieve acceptable profits together with high and sustained production levels while conserving the environment.
It is based on minimum tillage, crop residue retention, and crop rotations, has been proposed as an alternative system combining benefits for the farmer with advantages for the society.
Conservation Agriculture remains an important technology that improves soil processes, controls soil erosion and reduces production cost.
Soil Health definition and relationship to soil biology
Characteristics of healthy soil
Assessment of soil health
Framework for evaluating soil health
Indicators
Types of indicators
Biological indicators
Role of biological indicators
This presentation was presented during the Plenary 1, Opening Ceremony of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Mr. Luca Montanarella from EU Commission’s Joint Research Centre, in FAO Hq, Rome
The portion of a plant left in the field after harvest of the crop that is (straw, stalks, stems, leaves, roots) not used domestically or sold commercially”. The non – economical plant parts that are left in the field after harvest and remains that are generated from packing sheds or that are discarded during crop processing. Organic recycling has to play a key role in achieving sustainability in agricultural production. Multipurpose uses of crop residue include, but are not limited to, animal feeding, soil mulching, bio-manure, thatching of rural homes and fuel for domestic and industrial use. Thus, crop residues are of tremendous value to the farmers. Crop residue benefit the soil physically, chemically as well as biologically.
Maize (Zea mays L.) and wheat [Triticum aestivum (L.) emend. Fiori & Paol] is the third and second most important cereal crop of India, respectively. Maize–wheat system is the third dominant cropping system of India covering 1.8 mha with 2.3% contribution in food grain production (Jat et al., 2013).
Interactions between nutrients in plants occur when the supply of one nutrient affects the absorption, distribution and functions of another nutrient. Generally P and Zn interact negatively, which depends upon a number of physico-chemical properties of soil. Antagonistic P×Zn interaction has been subject of intensive research in several countries and has been thoroughly reviewed. Although some positive interactions of P and Zn are also reported (Shivay, 2013).
The maximum available P and Zn content in the soil was recorded with super-optimal dose (150% NPK) and optimal dose (100% NPK) along with Zn, respectively (Verma et al., 2012). Zinc and P application has antagonistic effect on each other with respect to their concentration and absorption by wheat and maize (Verma and Minhas, 1987). The three Bacillus aryabhattai strains (MDSR7, MDSR11 and MDSR14) were consistent in enhancement of root and shoot dry weight and zinc uptake in wheat (Ramesh et al., 2014).
Management of P×Zn interaction is a challenging task in the era of sustainable food and nutritional security. Use of efficient varieties and application of inorganic P and Zn fertilizer in conjunction with bio-inoculants can increase the crop yield and efficiency of added fertilizers to save precious input.
Important of green manuring and their effect on soil fertilityJigar Joshi
Important of green manuring and their effect on soil fertility
Green manuring is a practice of ploughing or turning into the soil unrecompensed green plant tissues for improving physical structure as well as fertility soil.
factor responsible for nutrient in soil and their contribution to soil fertility. importance of soil fertility, processes involved in sustaining soil productivity
Substances containing carbon are organic matter.
Soil organic matter consists of decomposing plant and animal residues.
It also includes substances of organic origin either leaving or dead.
Soil Health definition and relationship to soil biology
Characteristics of healthy soil
Assessment of soil health
Framework for evaluating soil health
Indicators
Types of indicators
Biological indicators
Role of biological indicators
This presentation was presented during the Plenary 1, Opening Ceremony of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Mr. Luca Montanarella from EU Commission’s Joint Research Centre, in FAO Hq, Rome
The portion of a plant left in the field after harvest of the crop that is (straw, stalks, stems, leaves, roots) not used domestically or sold commercially”. The non – economical plant parts that are left in the field after harvest and remains that are generated from packing sheds or that are discarded during crop processing. Organic recycling has to play a key role in achieving sustainability in agricultural production. Multipurpose uses of crop residue include, but are not limited to, animal feeding, soil mulching, bio-manure, thatching of rural homes and fuel for domestic and industrial use. Thus, crop residues are of tremendous value to the farmers. Crop residue benefit the soil physically, chemically as well as biologically.
Maize (Zea mays L.) and wheat [Triticum aestivum (L.) emend. Fiori & Paol] is the third and second most important cereal crop of India, respectively. Maize–wheat system is the third dominant cropping system of India covering 1.8 mha with 2.3% contribution in food grain production (Jat et al., 2013).
Interactions between nutrients in plants occur when the supply of one nutrient affects the absorption, distribution and functions of another nutrient. Generally P and Zn interact negatively, which depends upon a number of physico-chemical properties of soil. Antagonistic P×Zn interaction has been subject of intensive research in several countries and has been thoroughly reviewed. Although some positive interactions of P and Zn are also reported (Shivay, 2013).
The maximum available P and Zn content in the soil was recorded with super-optimal dose (150% NPK) and optimal dose (100% NPK) along with Zn, respectively (Verma et al., 2012). Zinc and P application has antagonistic effect on each other with respect to their concentration and absorption by wheat and maize (Verma and Minhas, 1987). The three Bacillus aryabhattai strains (MDSR7, MDSR11 and MDSR14) were consistent in enhancement of root and shoot dry weight and zinc uptake in wheat (Ramesh et al., 2014).
Management of P×Zn interaction is a challenging task in the era of sustainable food and nutritional security. Use of efficient varieties and application of inorganic P and Zn fertilizer in conjunction with bio-inoculants can increase the crop yield and efficiency of added fertilizers to save precious input.
Important of green manuring and their effect on soil fertilityJigar Joshi
Important of green manuring and their effect on soil fertility
Green manuring is a practice of ploughing or turning into the soil unrecompensed green plant tissues for improving physical structure as well as fertility soil.
factor responsible for nutrient in soil and their contribution to soil fertility. importance of soil fertility, processes involved in sustaining soil productivity
Substances containing carbon are organic matter.
Soil organic matter consists of decomposing plant and animal residues.
It also includes substances of organic origin either leaving or dead.
Mas que planes estratégicos diseñados conforme los supuestos requerimientos de los servicios, cuya información es entregada a los jefes de servicio y malamente llega a oídos de los trabajadores de la institución.
Long term impact of crop residue on soil biological properties.pptxanju bala
Soil biodiversity Plays an important role in agroecosystems by affecting crop quality, occurrence of soil-borne pests and diseases, nutrient cycling, and water transfer etc.
it mainly consists of
Soil microflora (e.g. bacteria, fungi)
Soil fauna
Microfauna (e.g. nematodes, protozoa)
Mesofauna (e.g. acarids, enchytraea)
Macrofauna (e.g. earthworms, termites, large arthropods).
Integrated Nutrient Management refers to the maintenance of soil fertility and of plant nutrient supply at an optimum level for sustaining the desired productivity through optimization of the benefits from all possible sources of organic, inorganic and biological components in an integrated manner
Integrated nutrient management (INM) involves efficient and judicious use of all the major components of plant nutrient sources for sustaining soil fertility, health and productivity
Integrated approach for plant nutrition is being advocated because single nutrient approach often reduces fertilizer use efficiency and consequently creates problem fertilizers can help in enhancing and maintaining stability in production with least degradation in chemical and physical properties of the soil.
A healthy soil is a living, dynamic ecosystem that performs many vital functions.
A healthy soil produces a healthy feed for consumption. Improved soil health often is indicated by improvement on physical, chemical and microbiological environment.
Introduction of high yielding varieties, irrigation and use of high analysis fertilizer without proper soil tests, accelerated the mining of native soil nutrient resources.
Under intensive cultivation without giving due consideration to nutrient requirement has resulted in decline in soil fertility and consequent productivity of crops
Vegetables are rich source of energy and nutrition.
MANAGEMENT OF SOIL BORNE PATHOGENS OF VEGETABLE CROPS UNDER PROTECTED CULTIVA...Mayur Thesiya
MANAGEMENT OF SOIL BORNE PATHOGENS OF VEGETABLE CROPS UNDER PROTECTED CULTIVATION
Soilborne pathogens and nematodes are very destructive in vegetables crops and one of the most limiting factors to farmers income. Soil fumigation has been an essential component of greenhouses crops since the 1960s. Growing vegetables without soil fumigants has remained a challenge, in part because commercially acceptable eggplant cultivars produced through conventional breeding lack resistance to many soil borne plant pathogens. Grafting cultivars with high quality and productivity on rootstocks that are resistant to soil pests and diseases is a method known for years ago, but which was improved and quickly spread in the last years. The objective of the researches was to evaluate the performance of the eggplant grafting on the some rootstocks in greenhouse conditions, alone and in combination with soil fumigation using metham sodium. Data obtained in the combinations scion/rootstock and not grafted eggplants were compared with data recorded where the metham sodium fumigant was used and as well as with the combinations grafted eggplants planted in soil disinfested with metham sodium. The marketable yield, fruits quality, frequency and root galling index of soilborne disease and nematodes, in the experimental variants were determined and calculated. Grafting process combined with the metham sodium soil disinfestation led to significant reduction in the incidence of attack produced by soilborne disease (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melongenae, Verticillium dahlia) and nematodes (Meloidogine incognita).
Defence development of biopesticide for the control of root pathogenic fung...Shazia Shahzaman
Thesis titled "Development of Biopesticide for the control of Root Pathogenic Fungi in Chickpea using Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ".
• Supervised by Prof. Dr. M. Inam-ul-Haq.
• Isolation and Characterization of Rhizbacterial isolates from Rawalpindi District
• Utilization of PGPR antagonistic potential in the form of biopesticide formulation against Fungal Root Infecting Pathogens.
• The Developed formulations with best shelf life and Rhizobacterial viability were evaluated for their efficacy under open field conditions for disease control and plant growth enhancement.
Manipulation of cultural practices at an appropriate time for reducing or avoiding disease damage to crops
The cultural practices make the environment less favorable for the plant pathogen and or more favorable for its bio control agents.
According to Stevens(1960) , the cultural methods of disease control involve agricultural cropping, harvesting and storage, tillage, crop rotation, soil management, growing of resistant varieties, planning of land use, and other related practices.
list of cultural practices
1.Soil solarization
2.Deep summer ploughing
3.Organic and inorganic amendments
4.Fallowing
5. Crop rotation
6. Green manure crops
7.Irrigation practices
and others Roughing
Strip farming
Trap and decay crops
Burning crop residue
Fertilizers usage
Time of sowing
Sanitation
potato productiona nd factors affecting its productivityaddisalem9
Potato is originated in the high Andes of south America and was first cultivated approximately Lake Titicaca near the present border of Peru and Bolivia.
In the term of quantity produced and consumed worldwide, potato is the most important vegetable crop.
It is one of the most important food crops in the world, in volume of world crop production it ranks fourth following by wheat, rice and maize.Potato is one of the most important cultivated members of the family Solanaceae. A dicotyledonous, herbaceous perennial plant is treating as annual.
It has pinnate compound pattern alternate leaves on its above ground stem and specialized underground storage stems or tubers.
Potato has an indeterminate growth pattern and produces a fibrous system of adventitious root system, which develops just above the nodes on underground portion the stem.- Potato is one of the worlds major staple food crops producing high yields of nutritionally valuable food in the form of tubers, which is an excellent source of carbohydrates protein and vitamins.
- It is also an important crop towards food security, although it is a minor crop in the world trade.
- Is a good source of vitamins B1, B3 and B6 minerals such as K, P and Mg.- Potato is one of the worlds major staple food crops producing high yields of nutritionally valuable food in the form of tubers, which is an excellent source of carbohydrates protein and vitamins.
- It is also an important crop towards food security, although it is a minor crop in the world trade.
- Is a good source of vitamins B1, B3 and B6 minerals such as K, P and Mg. Biotic and Abiotic factors that can affect the growth, yield and tuber quality of potato.
Biotic factor :- refers to living organism that can have a direct and indirect impact on potato production.
Abiotic factor :- refers to non living environmental factors that can affect potato production.Potatoes grow best in well drained, sandy soil. A poorly drained soil is more likely to produce diseased tubers.
Potatoes which have been grown under basin irrigation practices were more vigorous than plants from furrow irrigation. This may be due to the fact that plants over the furrow ridges relatively bears more roots than shoots in search of soil moisture as more proportion of the applied water is deep percolated (FAO, 1985) .
Potassium influences the transport of nutrients and the movement of carbohydrates from the leaf of the tuber.
Different levels of nutrient supply may lead to different seed tuber yields. This is because seed tuber yield is determined not only by total tuber yield but also by tuber size category and tuber numbers. Improved potato varieties that have been recently released in Ethiopia may differ in nutrient efficiency, and could have different optima of balanced macro-nutrient requirements for maximum yield of good quality seed tubers.(Burga et al., 2013).Late blight. This disease is caused by the oomycete patho
DERIVATION OF MODIFIED BERNOULLI EQUATION WITH VISCOUS EFFECTS AND TERMINAL V...Wasswaderrick3
In this book, we use conservation of energy techniques on a fluid element to derive the Modified Bernoulli equation of flow with viscous or friction effects. We derive the general equation of flow/ velocity and then from this we derive the Pouiselle flow equation, the transition flow equation and the turbulent flow equation. In the situations where there are no viscous effects , the equation reduces to the Bernoulli equation. From experimental results, we are able to include other terms in the Bernoulli equation. We also look at cases where pressure gradients exist. We use the Modified Bernoulli equation to derive equations of flow rate for pipes of different cross sectional areas connected together. We also extend our techniques of energy conservation to a sphere falling in a viscous medium under the effect of gravity. We demonstrate Stokes equation of terminal velocity and turbulent flow equation. We look at a way of calculating the time taken for a body to fall in a viscous medium. We also look at the general equation of terminal velocity.
Travis Hills' Endeavors in Minnesota: Fostering Environmental and Economic Pr...Travis Hills MN
Travis Hills of Minnesota developed a method to convert waste into high-value dry fertilizer, significantly enriching soil quality. By providing farmers with a valuable resource derived from waste, Travis Hills helps enhance farm profitability while promoting environmental stewardship. Travis Hills' sustainable practices lead to cost savings and increased revenue for farmers by improving resource efficiency and reducing waste.
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...University of Maribor
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intelligent Systems.
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvementIshaGoswami9
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
Nucleophilic Addition of carbonyl compounds.pptxSSR02
Nucleophilic addition is the most important reaction of carbonyls. Not just aldehydes and ketones, but also carboxylic acid derivatives in general.
Carbonyls undergo addition reactions with a large range of nucleophiles.
Comparing the relative basicity of the nucleophile and the product is extremely helpful in determining how reversible the addition reaction is. Reactions with Grignards and hydrides are irreversible. Reactions with weak bases like halides and carboxylates generally don’t happen.
Electronic effects (inductive effects, electron donation) have a large impact on reactivity.
Large groups adjacent to the carbonyl will slow the rate of reaction.
Neutral nucleophiles can also add to carbonyls, although their additions are generally slower and more reversible. Acid catalysis is sometimes employed to increase the rate of addition.
hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skills
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptxMAGOTI ERNEST
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptxPRIYANKA PATEL
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
4. In one teaspoon of soil there are…
Bacteria 100 million to 1 billion
Fungi 6-9 ft fungal strands put end to end
Protozoa Several thousand flagellates & amoeba
One to several hundred ciliates
Nematodes 10 to 20 bacterial feeders and a few fungal feeders
Arthropods Up to 100
Earthworms 5 or more
Introduction
5. Definitions
Soil: An ecological system consisting of
inorganic minerals, decomposing organic
matter, living organisms and growing plants
Soil: A farmer's "Silent Partner“
6. SOIL HEALTH:
• Soil health is a capacity of the soil to function as a vital living
system to sustains biological productivity maintain
environmental quality and promote plant, animal, and human
health.
• “A healthy soil should be capable of supporting life processes
such as plant anchorage and nutrient supply, retain optimal
water and soil properties, support soil food webs, recycle
nutrients, maintain microbial diversity, remediate pollutants,
sequester heavy metals, and contribute to disease suppression”
(Wang and Hooks, 2010).
9. CHARACTERISTICS OF HEALTHY SOILS
Sufficient supply of nutrients.
High biological diversity
Ability to maintain the integrity of nutrient cycling and energy flow
Suppression of multiple pests and pathogens
Ability to improve plant health
Maintenance of water and air quality
Good soil tilth
Good internal drainage
Low populations of parasites
High populations of plant-health promoting Organisms
Low weed pressure
No toxic chemicals that harm plants
Wang and Hooks (2010)
12. Soil health management practices
Manage organic matter
Minimize disturbances
Diversify soil biota
Maintain soil cover
Crop rotation
Cover crops and green manures
Organic amendments
Conservation tillage
13. Soil health and disease management
Crop rotation
Soil moisture,
pH, temp
Nutrient
management
Organic
amendments
Cover crops
and green
manures
Beneficial
organisms
Conservation
tillage
14. Soil moistutre
Pathak and Srivastava (2001) reported that, with increasing
soil moisture and decreasing soil temperature, decreases the
incidence of Rhizoctonia bataticola in sunflower
Soil Moisture Increase
Phytophthora spp.
Rhizoctonia spp.
Pythium spp.
Soil Moisture Decrease
Fusarium spp.
Verticillium spp.
Armillaria spp.
15. Soil pH
• It affects nutrient availability and microbial
activity.
• Most plants and microorganisms prefer a pH
range of 6-7.
• Raising the soil pH to 6.5–7 by using nitrate
nitrogen in place of Ammonical nitrogen will
decrease the development of Fusarium wilt
16. Potato scab is more severe in soils with pH levels above 5.2.
Below 5.2 the disease is generally suppressed.
Club root of crucifers can be reduced by raising pH(alkaline)
Fusarium wilt disease (i.e. the more acidic the soil, the more
severe the disease).
Takeall of wheat disease- Gaeumannomyces graminis, is
favored by alkaline pH.
17. Soil pH have a strong effect on infective juveniles
survival.
Survival and pathogenicity nematodes declined slightly
as the soil pH decreased from pH 8 to pH 4.
Acidic soil with pH levels below 4.0 may limit the
nematodes host-finding
(Kung et al., 1990)
18. SOIL TEMPERATURE
Warm, moist soils with high levels of carbon to nitrogen will
have higher levels of microbial activity and a relatively higher
level of suppression
Most of the soil organisms function best at an optimum soil
temperature of 25 to 35⁰C
Soil temperature can greatly affect the activity of locomotion,
infection and reproduction of nematodes
High temperature can manage- Verticillium spp.
Decreasing soil temperature, decreases the incidence of
Rhizoctonia bataticola
20. How does compost suppress
disease?
Improves soil physical and chemical properties
Improve soil structure and fertility
Enhanced activities of antagonistic microbes
Increased competition against pathogens for resources that
cause fungistasis
Release of fungitoxic compounds during organic matter
decomposition
Induction of systemic resistance in the host plants
27. CONSERVATION TILLAGE
• Reduced tillage systems accumulate OM and
increase the rate at which soil microfloral and
microfaunal decomposition progresses
• Soils with high levels of OM have been shown
to prevent common root rot of cereals
(Cochliobolus spp)
28. NUTRIENTs
Plants suffering a nutrient stress will be more
susceptible to diseases, while adequate crop nutrition
makes plants more tolerant or resistant to disease.
The nutrient status of the soil and the use of particular
fertilizers and amendments can have significant
impacts on the pathogen’s environment.
Calcium, play a major role in the ability of the plant to
develop stronger cell walls and tissues.
29. How can mineral nutrition prevent plant disease?
Mineral nutrition can affect two primary
resistance mechanisms:
A) Formation of
mechanical
barrier (eg.
Thickness of cell
wall )
B ) Synthesis of natural
defence compounds
(eg: phytoalexins ,
antioxidants and
flavanoids)
30. Nutrient Suppressing
Disease
Crops
Calcium 1)Clubroot
2)Fusarial wilt
3)Damping off
1) Crucifiers
2) Tomato, Watermelon and
cotton.
3) Peanut, Soybean, Pepper,
Tomato, onion, Bean and
Wheat.
Nitrate Fusarium wilt Tomato, Celery and Carnation.
Sulfur Scab Potato
Potassium Verticillium wilt Cotton
Phosphate Fusarium wilt Cotton and Muskmelon
Copper (cu) G. graminis var
tritici
Erysiphe spp.
Alternaria spp.
Take all of wheat ,
Powdery mildew of wheat
Sunflower
(Kausadikar et al ., 2006)
NUTRIENTs in management of plant diseases
35. EFFICACY OF SOIL HEALTH MANAGEMENT PRACTICES FOR PLANT
DISEASE MANAGEMENT
Positive effects
Not sufficient to complete control
20 to 80 per cent reduces soil borne diseases
Foliar pathogens diseases
Examples
Rust and mildews
36. Cont...
• Rhizobacteria: Induced Resistance to foliar and
soil borne disease
• Compost amendments induce resistance through
activation of plant defense response
• Examples: Botrytis Rot, Anthracnose, Angular
Leaf spot.
• Additional control measures for foliar pathogens.
38. Objective: To know the effect of cropping sequences
on Root Knot Nematode population
39.
40.
41. OBJECTIVE: The role of microbial activity in the effect
of soil moisture and temperature on disease severity
42. Dry root weight of wheat seedlings with (a) and without (b)
inoculation with R. solani AG-8, at different soil temperature and
moisture levels.
43. Objective: To determine the effect of PMR amendments
on soil borne and foliar diseases of cucumber and snap
bean grown on a sandy soil
44.
45.
46. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of Brassica cover
crops used as soil amendments for managing
Phytophthora blight of squash
47. Reduction in Phytophthora blight on squash plants by soil amendments with
shoots (A) or roots (B) of cover crops under greenhouse conditions. Plant
tissues were used to amend infested soils at 1 or 2.5% (plant/soil, w/w).
51. CONCLUSION
Management practices that promote soil health by improving
soil physical, chemical, and biological properties, resulting in
improved nutrition, enhanced yield and disease suppression
Contribute to building active, diverse and potentially disease-
suppressive microbial communities and can provide the base
of a sustainable disease management program
Biodiversity is important to make management strategies
reliable
Use of soil health management practices can substantially
reduce soil borne disease problems, but cannot completely
eliminate them, may take time to develop, and should be used
in conjunction with other approaches to achieve sustainable
disease management