Soil is formed through the weathering of rock and mineral particles and the accumulation of organic matter over long periods of time. The document discusses the key components and layers of soil, including the O horizon of organic material, the A horizon containing humus and nutrients, the B horizon containing clay and minerals, and the C horizon containing broken down bedrock. Several factors influence soil formation, such as climate, topography, parent material, biological activity, and time. The texture and permeability of soil is determined by the relative proportions of sand, silt, clay, and humus particles.
What is Erosion?
Human Causes of Erosion
Natural Causes of Erosion
What are the Causes of Soil Erosion?
What are the Effects of Soil Erosion?
Soil Erosion Prevention Methods
Soil water movement
Soil water movement
Soil water movement
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What is Erosion?
Human Causes of Erosion
Natural Causes of Erosion
What are the Causes of Soil Erosion?
What are the Effects of Soil Erosion?
Soil Erosion Prevention Methods
Soil water movement
Soil water movement
Soil water movement
Soil water movementSoil water movementSoil water movementSoil water movementSoil water movementSoil water movementSoil water movementSoil water movementSoil water movementSoil water movementSoil water movementSoil water movementSoil water movementSoil water movementSoil water movementSoil water movementSoil water movementSoil water movementSoil water movementSoil water movementSoil water movementSoil water movementSoil water movementSoil water movement
|| A note on soil ||
|| Introduction/Profile of soil ||
|| Characteristics &Types of soil ||
|| Production & Formation of soil ||
|| Properties & classification of soil ||
This power point presentation will give a complete idea of types of irrigation, water requirement of crops, duty, delta, canal revenue etc. This presentation also contain the numerical for complete understanding the concepts.
- Formation and evolution of soil.
- Characteristics and classification of soils.
- Regularity and environmental features of soil distribution on Earth.
- Location of the soil in the biosphere.
- Morphological signs of soil profile.
- Structure of soil profile.
- Granulometric composition.
- Soil composition: properties and modes.
- General physical properties of soil.
|| A note on soil ||
|| Introduction/Profile of soil ||
|| Characteristics &Types of soil ||
|| Production & Formation of soil ||
|| Properties & classification of soil ||
This power point presentation will give a complete idea of types of irrigation, water requirement of crops, duty, delta, canal revenue etc. This presentation also contain the numerical for complete understanding the concepts.
- Formation and evolution of soil.
- Characteristics and classification of soils.
- Regularity and environmental features of soil distribution on Earth.
- Location of the soil in the biosphere.
- Morphological signs of soil profile.
- Structure of soil profile.
- Granulometric composition.
- Soil composition: properties and modes.
- General physical properties of soil.
The factors which relate to structure and composition of soil are called edaphic factors.
Soil is a very complex medium. A good fertile soil contains mineral matter (40%), organic matter (10%), water (15%) and air (25%).
Mineral matter in the soil occurs in the form of particles. Soil can be studied under Physical and chemical properties.
Natural resource management is a discipline in the management of natural resources such as land, water, soil, plants and animals, with a particular focus on how management affects the quality of life for both present and future generations. Soil is defined as the unconsolidated portion of the earth's crust modified through physical, chemical, and biotic processes into a medium capable of supporting plant growth. Soil properties influence the natural and the physical infrastructure of the landscape and ecosystems.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
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Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
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It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
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Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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2. Soil Formation
• Soil is a mixture of rock and mineral particles and organic
matter.
• Soil is made up of mineral matter that has been broken down by
chemical, physical, and biological actions.
• There are also living things in soil such as bacteria, fungi, mold,
worms, and insects.
• The more living things the more productive the soil becomes.
3. Facts on Soil
- Soil is the #1 supporter for plants
- Soil anchors the plant roots so they don’t fall over
- Soil is a superstore of nutrients
- Moisture for plants is stored in soil.
4. Soil Layers
• During the process of soil formation, layers develop in the soil.
• Most of the volume of soil is formed from the weathered products
of a source rock, called the parent material.
• A soil whose parent material is the local bedrock is called
residual soil.
• Transported soil is soil that develops from parent material that
has been moved far from its original location, usually by agents of
erosion.
6. Soil Profiles
• A soil profile is a vertical sequence of soil layers.
• A distinct layer within a soil profile is called a soil horizon.
• There are typically four major soil horizons in mature soils: O, A, B,
and C.
7. • The O-horizon is the top layer of
organic material and is composed of humus and leaf litter.
• The A-horizon is a layer of weathered rock
combined with a rich concentration of
dark brown organic material.
• The B-horizon, also known as the zone
of accumulation, is a red or brown layer
enriched over time by clay and minerals
deposited by water flowing from above,
or percolating upward from below.
• The C-horizon contains little or no
organic matter and is often made of
broken-down bedrock.
8. Factors of Soil Formation
• Five factors influence soil formation:
• Climate
• Topography
• Parent material
• Biological activity
• Time.
9. Climate
Climate is the most significant factor controlling the development of soils
because it also affects the weathering of rocks. Temperature, wind, and
the amount of rainfall determine the type of soil that can develop.
Topography
Topography, which includes the slope and orientation of the land, affects
the type of soil that forms.
Slopes that face south receive more sunlight than other slopes, allowing
more vegetation to grow.
10. Parent material
If the soil is residual, it will have the same chemical composition as the
local bedrock. If the soil is transported, the minerals in the soil are likely to
be different from those in the local bedrock.
Biological activity
Organisms including fungi and bacteria, as well as plants and animals,
interact with soil. Different types of organisms in a soil can result in
different soil orders.
Time
The effects of time alone can determine the characteristics of a soil. After
tens of thousands of years of weathering, most of the original minerals in a
soil are changed or washed away.
11. Soil Texture and Color
For soil, the two main physical properties are color and texture
Color
The minerals, organic matter, and moisture in each soil horizon
determine its color.
• The darker the soil, the more nutrients it contains (dark soil
contains humus)
• Gray soil indicates poor drainage and red soil indicates a lack of
nutrients
12. Soil Texture
The relative proportions of particle sizes determine a soil’s texture, which
affects a soil’s capacity to retain moisture and therefore its ability to support
plant growth.
A soil textural triangle is used to determine a soil’s
texture.
Knowing the soil’s texture you can find:
1. How easy water flows through it
2.Water holding capacity
3. How well the plant will grow in it
13. Soil Permeability and Porosity
The particle size that make up each type of soil determines the size of
pores between particles. This is known as the soil’s porosity. These
the soil hold water and air.
The larger the particles making up the soil,
larger the pores are between them.
Particle size (Largest to Smallest)
Sand Silt Clay
The soil’s permeability is how easy fluids can
flow through its particles.
14. • Sand
• Feels gritty
• Does not stick together in a mass unless wet
• Has fewer nutrients for plants than silt and clay
• Pores between sand particles allow free drainage
of water and entry of air
• Holds little water, prone to drought
Silt
• Feels floury powdery – smooth like putty when wet
• Wet silt does not stick together and cannot mold into different shapes
• Smaller particles than sand, retains more water for plants
• Drains slower than sand
• Easily washed away by flowing water
15. • Clay
• Powdery when dry, sticky/slippery when wet
• Wet clay can be molded into any shape
• Swells when added to water, shrinks and becomes hard when water
evaporates
• Pore spaces are very small
• Water/air move very slowly through clay
• Tremendous ability to hold water
16. • Humus
• Formed when dead plants and animals decay, which provide essential
nutrients for plant growth.
• Dark brown or black (color)
• Feels crumbly and loose when dry and spongy when wet
• When dead plants and animals decay, humus is
accumulated in the second layer of soil (A)
• Holds more water than sand and silt but
not has much as clay. Water will drain quickly.