Software radio is a reprogrammable radio where the hardware can be modified through software to perform different functions at different times. It represents a shift from fixed hardware radios to multi-band, multi-mode radios controlled primarily through software. The key characteristics of software radio include multi-functionality, global mobility, compactness, power efficiency, ease of manufacture and upgrades. Some of the major design principles involved in software radio development are systems engineering, RF chain planning, selection of analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog conversion, software architecture selection, digital signal processing hardware architecture selection, and radio validation.
Spread spectrum is a communication technique that spreads a narrowband communication signal over a wide range of frequencies for transmission then de-spreads it into the original data bandwidth at the receive.
This presentation covers:
Some basic definitions & concepts of digital communication
What is Phase Shift Keying(PSK) ?
Binary Phase Shift Keying – BPSK
BPSK transmitter & receiver
Advantages & Disadvantages of BPSK
Pi/4 – QPSK
Pi/4 – QPSK transmitter & receiver
Advantages of Pi/4- QPSK
The attached narrated power point presentation is an attempt to introduce the WDM Standards framed by International Telecommunications Union as well as to familiarize oneself with the most popular WDM Components in practice. The material will be useful to KTU final year B Tech students who prepare for the subject EC 405, Optical Communications.
Spread spectrum is a communication technique that spreads a narrowband communication signal over a wide range of frequencies for transmission then de-spreads it into the original data bandwidth at the receive.
This presentation covers:
Some basic definitions & concepts of digital communication
What is Phase Shift Keying(PSK) ?
Binary Phase Shift Keying – BPSK
BPSK transmitter & receiver
Advantages & Disadvantages of BPSK
Pi/4 – QPSK
Pi/4 – QPSK transmitter & receiver
Advantages of Pi/4- QPSK
The attached narrated power point presentation is an attempt to introduce the WDM Standards framed by International Telecommunications Union as well as to familiarize oneself with the most popular WDM Components in practice. The material will be useful to KTU final year B Tech students who prepare for the subject EC 405, Optical Communications.
Design and implementation of sdr based qpsk transceiver using fpgaTarik Kazaz
Software-defined radio (SDR) technology enables
implementation of wireless devices that support multiple air interfaces and modulation formats, which is very important
if consider the proliferation of wireless standards. To enable such functionality SDR is using reconfigurable hardware platform such as Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). In this paper, we present design procedure and implementation result of SDR based QPSK modulator on Altera Cyclone IV FPGA. For design and implementation of QPSK modulator we used Altera DSP
Builder Tool combined with Matlab/Simulink, Modelsim and
Quartus II design tools. As reconfigurable hardware platform
we used Altera DE2-115 development and education board with
AD/DA daughter card. Software and Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL)
simulation was conducted before hardware implementation and
verification of designed system. This method of design makes
implementation of SDR based modulators simpler ad faster.
Index Terms—SDR, FPGA, QPSK, DSP Builder, NCO, RRC
A LOW-COST DESKTOP SOFTWARE DEFINED RADIO DESIGN ENVIRONMENT USING MATLAB, SI...Omid Abolghasemi
A LOW-COST DESKTOP SOFTWARE DEFINED
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Example Design Of Receive Side Of Garage Remote Control For Reply Attack
What are LPWA networks and what are their advantages ?
What are their characateristics in comparison with other telecom technologies ?
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Spectra DTP4500 - A Closer Look
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The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
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UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
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The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
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Bob Boule
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Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
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Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
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In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
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Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
2. ∗ What is a Software Radio???
∗ Characteristics and benefits of Software Radio
∗ Model of a Software Radio
∗ Factors required for wider acceptance of a Software
Radio
∗ Design principles of a Software Radio
TOPICS
4/12/20162
3. ∗ The term Software Radio was coined by Joe Mitola in
1991
∗ Class of reprogrammable or reconfigurable radios
∗ Same piece of hardware can perform different
functions at different times.
∗ SDR forum definition(USR)
∗ Radio that accepts fully programmable traffic and
control information
∗ supports a broad range of frequencies, air-interfaces
and applications software
WHAT IS A SOFTWARE RADIO???
4/12/20163
5. ∗ The piece of hardware can be modified to perform
different functions at different times ,allowing the
hardware to be specifically tailored to the application at
hand
∗ Software radio can be used to encompass soft radios as
well. Software is confined to controlling the interface with
the network
∗ Hardware
∗ Amplifiers
∗ Filters
∗ Mixers
4/12/20165
6. ∗ Software
∗ Confined to controlling the interface with the network,
∗ stripping the headers and error correction codes from
the data packets and
∗ determining where the data packets need to be routed
based on header information.
∗ Represent a paradigm shift from fixed ,hardware –
intensive radios to multi-band, multi mode,software –
intensive radios
4/12/20166
7. ∗ The user can
∗ Switch from one interface to another in milliseconds
∗ Use GPS for location
∗ Store money using smartcard technology
∗ Watch a local broadcast station
∗ Receive a satellite transmission
4/12/20167
8. ∗ Implementation of software radio requires
∗ The digitization at the antenna ,allowing flexibility at the digital
domain
∗ Design of a completely flexible radio frequency (RF)front end for
handling a wide range of carrier frequencies and modulation
formats.
CHARACTERISTICS AND BENEFITS OF
SOFTWARE RADIO
4/12/20168
9. MODEL OF A SOFTWARE RADIO
Flexiblle
RF
Hardware
ADC
DAC
Channeliz
ation and
sample
rate
conversio
n
P Hardware
•FPGA
•DSP
•ASIC
Software
•Algorithms
•Middlewar
e
•Corba
•Virtual
radio
machine
Processing
Smart
antenna
IF
4/12/20169
10. ∗ Smart Antenna
∗ Provides a gain vs direction characteristic to minimize
interference,multipath and noise.
∗ Provides similar benefits for the transmitter
∗ Rxr(Superheterodyne)-digitization-as early-IF BAND
∗ Digital->analog->as late at transmitter using a DAC
∗ Superheterodyne reciever:
∗ Rf signal picked up by the antenna along with other
spurious/unwanted signals filtered ,amplified with a LNA
and mixed with a LO to an IF.
4/12/201610
11. ∗ No of stages-vary
∗ IF- mixed exactly to baseband
∗ Digitizing the signal with an ADC in the IF range-
eliminates the last stage
4/12/201611
12. ∗ Multi-functionality
∗ Global Mobility
∗ Compactness And Power Efficiency
∗ Ease Of Manufacture
∗ Ease Of Upgrades
FACTORS OF SOFTWARE RADIO
4/12/201612
13. Multi-functionality
∗support infinite variety of
service capabilities in a
system
∗ Bluetooth
∗ IEEE 802.11
Global mobility
∗ 2G
∗ IS-136
∗ GSM
∗ IS-95/CDMA 1
3G:HARMONISE ALL THE
STANDARDS
TRANSPARENCY HAS
FOSTERED THE GROWTH
OF THE
4/12/201613
14. Compactness And Power
Efficiency
∗ Velcro approach
∗ Separate silicon for each system
∗ Bulky,inefficient as number of
systems increases
∗ Used in multifunction,multi-
mode radios
Software Radio Approach:
∗ Compact
∗ Power Efficient Design- as
number of systems increases
∗ Since same piece of hardware
reused to implement multiple
systems and interfaces
Ease Of Manufacure
∗ RF components
∗ hard to standardise /varying
performance characteristics
∗ Optimization
∗ few years/delay product
information
∗ Digitisation of the signal –
result in fewer parts,reduced
inventory for the manufacturer
4/12/201614
15. • Current services-need to be
updated/new services need
to be updated
• Enhancements have to be
made without disruption of
current infrastructure
• flexible architecture->allows
improvments/additional
functionality
• Eg:VOCODER –High quality at
low bit rates
Ease Of Upgrades Users /Customers –
∗-expect services regardless of
geographical area
∗-Expect one device to utilize
services in all
regions(reconfiguring the rxr to
air-interface standards used in the
respective regions)
∗-Over the air updates-
∗ allow for speedy
implementation of software
upgrades and new features
4/12/201615
16. ∗ Systems Engineering
∗ RF Chain Planning
∗ Analog To Digital Conversion and Digital To Analog
Conversion Selection
∗ Software Architecture Selection
∗ Digital Signal Processing hardware architecture
selection
∗ Radio validation
DESIGN PRINCIPLES OF SOFTWARE
RADIO
4/12/201616
17. ∗ Understanding the constraints and requirements of the
communication link and the network protocol
->allocation of sufficient resources to establish the services
given the system s constraints and requirements
∗ Modulation and data type ->depends on range and
transmit power
∗ Well defined standard:routing protocol predetermined
∗ In a ideal software radio
∗ System parameters-change in real time
∗ Optimizing the active communications sessions-major
challenge
STEP 1-SYSTEMS ENGINEERING
4/12/201617
18. ∗ Ideal RF chain
∗ Incorporate simultaneous flexibility in selection of
power gain,bandwidth,center frequency,sensitivity,and
dynamic range
∗ Strict flexibility-impractical
∗ Trade-off s must be made
∗ Communication system constrained to selected military
or commercial bands->optimization problem simplified
∗ Compensation for power amplifier distortion or power
management of RF circuitry- digital domain
STEP-2 RF CHAIN PLANNING
4/12/201618
19. ∗ Difficult
∗ Selection-requires trading power consumption
,dynamic range and bandwidth
∗ Tied to rf reqirements for dynamic range and
frequency translation
∗ Channelisation requirements->selection of adc and
dac
∗ Post digitization techniques(based on multirate dsp)-
improve flexibility on the digitization stage
STEP 3-ADC AND DAC SELECTION
4/12/201619
20. ∗ Ensure maintainability,expandability,compatibility and
scalability for swr
∗ Consider latency and timing for the whole protocol stack
∗ Architecture-allow for hardware independence through
the use of middleware
∗ Middleware-Interface between application oriented
software and the hardware layer
∗ SOFTWARE
∗ aware of capabilities of the hardware(DSP and RF) at both
ends of the communications link to ensure compatibility
/maximum use of hardware resources
STEP4:SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE
SELECTION
4/12/201620
21. ∗ Software Radio in a existing data infrastructure:
∗ Interface quickly and efficiently
∗ Security-important issue-to ensure software downloads-
legitimate
∗ Need to control issues regardless of protocol
∗ Attribute naming
∗ Error management
∗ Addressing
∗ Partioning radio functions -> objects help in portability ,
maintainence of the software
4/12/201621
22. ∗ Core DSP hardware –implemented through
Microprocessors
FPGA’S and/or
ASIC’s
∗ Microprocessors
∗ maximum flexibility,
∗ power consumption and
∗ lowest computational rate
∗ ASIC
∗ minimal flexibility
∗ lower power consumption
∗ highest computational rate
STEP 5:DSP HARDWARE ARCHITECTURE
SELECTION
4/12/201622
23. ∗ FPGA-lie between ASIC and a DSP
∗ Selection Of Core Computing Elements Depends On
∗ Algorithms
∗ Computational
∗ Throughput Requirements
Software radio will use all three core three core computing
requirements
4/12/201623
24. ∗ Most difficult step
∗ Ensure not only communication units operate correctly but also
that a glitch does not cause system-level failures
∗ Eg: interference caused by a software radio mobile unit-
adjacent bands
∗ Testing and validation steps -> minimize risk
∗ Structuring the software to link various modules with limitations
and deficiencies help in testing compatability of software modules
STEP7:RADIO VALIDATION
4/12/201624
25. ∗ Military radio
∗ Cellular services
∗ HF Transceivers
∗ FPGA
4/12/201625
APPLICATIONS OF SOFTWARE RADIO