Software estimation using fp analysis
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This document discusses software estimation techniques, with a focus on functional point analysis. It defines functional point analysis as a structured technique for breaking down a system into smaller, more understandable components in order to analyze it. The document outlines the 5 step functional point counting process and key terms used in functional point analysis like elementary processes, internal logical files, and external inputs/outputs. It also notes that functional point analysis provides benefits like reduced costs, improved communication, and better allocation of resources.
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Expert systems are a type of artificial intelligence application that uses knowledge about a specific domain to provide expert-level advice to users. They contain a knowledge base of facts and rules developed with the help of knowledge engineers who work with human experts. The expert system's inference engine processes the knowledge base to make inferences and recommendations for users similarly to a human consultant. This indicates that knowledge is essential for expert systems to function properly.
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Software estimation using fp analysis
- 2. Estimation and its Categories • ESTIMATION - “Estimation is the process of finding an estimate, or approximation”. • Software Estimation Techniques- 1) Delphi Technique. 2) Work Breakdown Structure (WBS). 3) Three Point Estimation. 4) Functional Point Method.
- 3. Why Measure Anything ? • Primary purpose of any measurement program CONTROL MONITOR MEASURE HELP
- 4. Functional Point Analysis • Function Point Analysis(agenda) Structured way of Problem Solving Breaks into smaller component for better understanding and analysis A unit of Measurement To get average cost
- 5. Definition • Function Point Analysis is a structured technique of problem solving. It is a method to break systems into smaller components, so they can be better understood and analyzed, and ultimately helps the project people with a unit of measurement which is nothing but “AVERAGE COST” .
- 6. How to count Function Point
- 7. 5 step counting process • Determine the type of count. • Identify the scope and boundary of the count. • Determine the unadjusted FP count. • Determine the Value Adjustment Factor. • Calculate the Adjusted FP Count.
- 8. Terms to understand • User identifiable – It means defined requirements for processes and/or groups of data that are agreed upon, and understood by, both the users and software developers. • Control information – It means the data that influences and elementary process of the application being counted. It tells us what, when, or how data is to be processed. • Elementary process - An elementary process is the smallest unit of activity that is meaningful to the user.
- 9. Functional Point Mechanics External Inputs(EI) External Outputs(EO) External Inquiries(EQ) Internal Logical Files(ILF) External Interface File(EIF) Transaction Function Data Function
- 10. External Input(EI) • External input, is a process where the data crosses the boundary from outside to inside the application boundary. ILF ILF Application boundary Database
- 11. External Output(EO) • External Output, is a process where in the data comes “out” of the system. • Means “DATA IS PROCESSED” ILF ILF Application boundary Database
- 12. External Enquiry(EQ) • External Enquiry, is something which is fetched from the database and provided to the user with some sorting, indexing. • Means “DATA IS NOT PROCESSED” Search document
- 13. Internal Logical Files(ILF) • ILF is a database entity which resides within the application boundary and which is maintained(added, changed, deleted, updated) by the application itself. Application boundary ILF ILF
- 14. External Interface File(EIF) • EIF is any kind of file which the application cannot modify but can use the data for its use or to manipulate the result. • Example : Tax calculation(VAT). External database Search results based on the info. processed by external database
- 15. Record Element Type(RET) • A Record Element Type (RET) is the largest user identifiable subgroup of elements within an ILF or an EIF. • The RET is calculated for the Data Functions.
- 16. File Type Reference(FTR) • File Type Referenced (FTR) is the largest user identifiable subgroup within the EI, EO, or EQ. • The transaction functions EI, EO, EQ are measured by counting FTRs and DETs that they contain.
- 17. Data element Type(DET) • A data element type is a unique, user recognizable, non-repeated field. • The DET concept need to apply when the analysis of data function and transaction function is carried out.
- 18. Visual representation Process ILF ILF External Applications Users EO EI EQ EIF EQ EI EO
- 19. Benefits • Estimation(Functional point) Reduced cost by 15-20% by just measuring Improves the communication of workloads Improves the understanding of Business Function Improves the allocation of Resources
- 20. Conclusion • Function Points are becoming widely accepted as the standard metric for measuring software size. Now that Function Points have made adequate sizing possible, it can now be anticipated that the overall rate of progress in software productivity and software quality will improve. Understanding software size is the key to understanding both productivity and quality.