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Crime and deviance have many dimensions that should be considered, including the wider social and structural inequalities that contribute to deviant behavior, the immediate situations and contexts that lead individuals to commit deviant acts, and how both immediate social circles and wider society react to and label those who engage in deviance, influencing their future behavior.
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Media Violence Theory by Group 1 UNILAG Mass Communication 2015
This document discusses media violence and its theories. It begins by introducing media violence and its origins from television in the 1950s. It then discusses four main theories of media violence: 1) Social learning theory which suggests people learn aggression from viewing violence; 2) General aggression model which says violence primes aggressive scripts; 3) Catharsis theory which argues viewing violence releases aggression; and 4) Catalyst/reinforcement theory which views media as a weak influence that can catalyze violence in combination with other factors. The document concludes that no single theory can fully explain media violence's effects and influence, as cultural and social factors also play a role.
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The document summarizes the debate around whether exposure to media violence causes increased aggression in children. While most argue there is a link, the document argues this debate overlooks more important social factors like class differences, elitism, and politics. It claims the popular focus on media effects hides that later aggression is better explained by lack of opportunities for lower-class children and the marginalization of minority groups in media and society.
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The document discusses media and entertainment's influence on societal violence rates. It presents evidence from various studies on the relationship between media violence and real-world violence. However, the evidence presented is mostly lower levels of evidence including expert opinions and descriptive studies rather than high-quality experimental research. The document concludes that parents are ultimately responsible for protecting young children and monitoring what media influences they are exposed to.
Media Violence And Aggression
This document summarizes research on the relationship between violent entertainment media (music, video games, TV) and aggression in adolescents. It finds that while other factors like environment and individual traits also influence aggression, exposure to violent media does appear to increase aggressive attitudes and behaviors in teens. The research showed this relationship even after accounting for other variables. Future work should explore ways to reduce violent media's effects, especially on young males.
Segregation
This document discusses patterns of racial and ethnic relations, focusing on segregation, discrimination, prejudice, and structural violence. It defines segregation as separating people based on race or ethnicity through both de jure segregation enforced by law and de facto segregation in practice. Discrimination can be individual acts that harm members of subordinate groups or institutional practices with harmful effects. Prejudice involves negative generalizations about racial or ethnic groups, while structural violence refers to social structures that deprive individuals of opportunities through both individual and systemic means, with impacts lasting for generations.
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This document discusses social and spatial segregation. It defines geographical segregation as when population proportions are not evenly distributed throughout a space. Segregation can occur along dimensions like gender, religion, ethnicity, etc. Social segregation is often measured using indices to quantify differences in exposure between groups. Segregation can be caused by both direct government policies as well as indirect social and economic factors that create segregated neighborhoods over time. The analysis of segregation looks at how differentiated populations are distributed across social locations and the processes that create and maintain this distribution.
Recommended
Media Violence Theory by Group 1 UNILAG Mass Communication 2015
This document discusses media violence and its theories. It begins by introducing media violence and its origins from television in the 1950s. It then discusses four main theories of media violence: 1) Social learning theory which suggests people learn aggression from viewing violence; 2) General aggression model which says violence primes aggressive scripts; 3) Catharsis theory which argues viewing violence releases aggression; and 4) Catalyst/reinforcement theory which views media as a weak influence that can catalyze violence in combination with other factors. The document concludes that no single theory can fully explain media violence's effects and influence, as cultural and social factors also play a role.
Panic theory slideshare
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Exposure to violence in media can increase aggression in children and teenagers by making violent behavior seem more normal. Viewing violent content regularly over time is linked to higher levels of aggression overall in youth. While only some viewers that are affected may actually act aggressively, exposure still increases the likelihood that youth will engage in physical violence against others.
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Segregation
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Social and spatial segregation
This document discusses social and spatial segregation. It defines geographical segregation as when population proportions are not evenly distributed throughout a space. Segregation can occur along dimensions like gender, religion, ethnicity, etc. Social segregation is often measured using indices to quantify differences in exposure between groups. Segregation can be caused by both direct government policies as well as indirect social and economic factors that create segregated neighborhoods over time. The analysis of segregation looks at how differentiated populations are distributed across social locations and the processes that create and maintain this distribution.
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This document discusses arguments on both sides of whether media violence is to blame for school violence. It presents research and studies that suggest media violence can influence violent behavior in some viewers. However, it also notes research with inconclusive results and that other factors like community violence, mental health issues, and weapons availability may play a larger role. The document concludes there is no clear evidence of a direct correlation between viewing violent media and acts of school violence.
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Media Violence
This document discusses various issues related to the portrayal of violence against women in different media such as films, television, comics, and advertisements. It examines how such portrayals may normalize violence in society over time and reinforce certain ideologies. One quote included argues that depicting the rape of a woman is no different than depicting decapitation as a way to show that a villain is bad. The document provides various sources and examples related to the topic.
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2. A range of restorative practices like circles, questions, and conferences that can be used proactively or reactively.
3. The development of restorative justice as an alternative to punitive criminal justice systems that view crimes as offenses against society rather than individuals. Restorative approaches seek to involve victims and negotiate restitution.
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Session 10. final course summary[ 2016
This document summarizes John Clark's final course on violent and sexually offending young people over several weeks. It covers topics like the youth justice system, prevalence of youth crime, the murder of Jamie Bulger, media portrayals of youth crime, weapons and gangs, truth and rehabilitation versus punishment, and cycles of abuse in adolescent sex offenders. The summary emphasizes that most youth offending is non-violent and non-sexual in nature, but the most serious cases require assessment and intervention, with consideration given to other countries' approaches.
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This document discusses concepts related to socialization, attitudes, and the family. It defines socialization as how individuals acquire social behaviors and norms through social interaction and internalization. Attitudes are described as having affective, cognitive, and behavioral components regarding psychological objects. The family is presented as the basic social unit, and characteristics of a normal home are outlined, along with types of homes that can contribute to delinquency in youth residents. Joblessness and too much leisure time are also mentioned as potentially leading people to criminal behavior.
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Interactionist Theories of Crime
The document discusses interactionism and labelling theory. It explains that interactionists believe deviance is defined by others' reactions rather than the acts themselves. Labelling theory, proposed by Howard Becker, states that actions only become deviant through the application of a label. Once labelled, a deviant career may follow as the label becomes a person's master status. The media plays a role in socially constructing crime and deviance through how it reports and amplifies certain acts. However, labelling theory is difficult to prove and some acts will always be seen as deviant regardless of labelling.
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The Media effects debate
The document discusses different theories around media effects and influence:
- Media can directly harm audiences through certain content, leading to classifications and restrictions to protect audiences. Media ownership can also negatively influence beliefs through biased reporting.
- Hegemony theory suggests the ruling class dominates media industries and uses media to manipulate audiences and impose their views on society. Pluralism counters that diverse groups in society are reflected in diverse media, allowing different beliefs to coexist.
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This document summarizes and compares Hirschi's social control theory and cultural deviance theory as explanations for deviant behavior. It outlines the key elements of each theory, including the social bonds and relationships emphasized by social control theory and the influence of subculture and environment highlighted by cultural deviance theory. The document argues that cultural deviance theory may better explain why individuals engage in different deviant acts and why social bonds can vary, making it a more powerful framework than social control theory.
tv violence
Several studies and reports from organizations like the NAEYC, APA, and Kaiser Family Foundation found that the amount of violence depicted on television, especially in children's programming and cartoons, has significantly increased since the 1980s. On average, children's shows contain about 20 violent acts per hour and by elementary school, the average child has seen over 8,000 depictions of murder or violence on TV. Experiments show children who watch violent clips are more likely to exhibit aggressive behavior themselves afterwards. Long term studies link heavy television watching in teenagers to later aggression and violence. Violent media is considered a public health threat due to its effects on the brain and potential to influence violent behavior.
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The document discusses different influences on human aggression, including pornography, television, and group influences. Pornography can decrease attraction to partners, increase acceptance of extramarital sex and women's submission, and cause men to perceive women sexually. Television can increase aggressiveness through arousal, disinhibition, and imitation, as well as desensitize viewers to violence. Group influences can amplify, magnify, polarize, and accentuate natural aggressive behaviors. Suggested remedies include education campaigns and reducing exposure to violent media and aggressive groups.
CONTROL THEORY- LAUREN ROSE
Control theory proposes that a lack of self-control is a key factor in criminal behavior. It attempts to explain why more people do not commit crimes by arguing that social limits restrain people's natural impulses towards immediate gratification. The theory connects low self-control with criminal and impulsive conduct, and believes criminal behavior is influenced by factors like family, schooling, environment, and morals. Later, Sykes and Matza outlined specific techniques of neutralization that criminals use to justify their lack of self-control, such as denial of responsibility, injury, or the victim, appealing to higher loyalties, or condemning those who condemn them.
Crime and Deviance
Topic of Sociology, Crime and Deviance, Norms and Crime/Deviance, Introduction, Legally Deviant Behavior, Illegally Deviant Behavior, Criminal Behavior, Reasons People Commit Crimes and deviance, Deviance and crime, Group deviance, Three views of deviance, Biological, Psychological, Sociological, Structural-Functionalist Perspectives, Reinforcement theories, Differential association theory, Social conflict perspectives, Symbolic integrationists perspectives, Labeling theory, William Chambliss Experiment, Experiment by D.L Rosenhan, Crime, Crime Classification, Types of Crime, How is crime reported?, Recording Crime, Measures of crime, CRIME AND GENDER, CRIME AND AGE, ETHNIC GROUP/ETHNICITY, INSTITUTIONAL RACISM, Crime And Ethnicity, Crime And Social Class, Occupational Crime, Professional Crime Corporate Crime, Computer Crime, The criminal justice system, Police Duties, The criminal justice system, Justifications of punishment, Retributive justice, Social control
L6 Crime and dev.pptx
This document provides an overview of crime and deviance from a sociological perspective. It defines deviance as behavior that violates social norms and results in sanctions, while crime is a specific type of deviance that violates legal codes. The document then compares and contrasts the functionalist and conflict theories of crime and deviance. Functionalism views crime and deviance as serving necessary functions for society, while conflict theory sees them as results of inequality and the interests of powerful groups to maintain the status quo. The document also discusses approaches to reducing crime by reducing inequality through measures like job programs, education reforms, and alternative corrections.
Session 9. violence retribution & restoration.2016
This document discusses gangs, violence, and different approaches to justice. It addresses what constitutes a gang and weapons. While some youth groups are mislabeled as gangs, evidence shows most youth offending is group-related. Regarding gangs, carrying weapons is often for protection and violence is rarely pre-meditated. The document also outlines the retributive justice system and restorative justice approaches, with the latter seeking to include all affected parties and find mutually agreeable outcomes.
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The document discusses how media coverage influences the public's perception of the criminal justice system. It argues that media portrayals of the system, whether positive or negative, can impact policy decisions within police departments, courts, and corrections centers. This may result in changes like employee firings, internal investigations, or privatization of services. The document also suggests that sensationalized media coverage of violent crime can increase fear among the general public and influence attitudes toward criminal justice policy.
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Session 7 restoration ppt.2016
This document provides an overview of restorative justice and restorative practices. It discusses:
1. The differences between restorative practice, which aims to build relationships proactively, and restorative justice, which repairs relationships reactively following harm.
2. A range of restorative practices like circles, questions, and conferences that can be used proactively or reactively.
3. The development of restorative justice as an alternative to punitive criminal justice systems that view crimes as offenses against society rather than individuals. Restorative approaches seek to involve victims and negotiate restitution.
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The document discusses research on the impact of media violence on youth behavior. Studies have found that exposure to violence in media, like television and video games, can contribute to increased aggressive behavior over time in youth. One study of 820 youth found that violent media use predicted later violence and aggression, especially combined with family or community violence exposure. Researchers recommend media literacy education to help youth critically evaluate media messages and the impacts of violence. Parental control and monitoring of youth media exposure can also help reduce risks.
Session 10. final course summary[ 2016
This document summarizes John Clark's final course on violent and sexually offending young people over several weeks. It covers topics like the youth justice system, prevalence of youth crime, the murder of Jamie Bulger, media portrayals of youth crime, weapons and gangs, truth and rehabilitation versus punishment, and cycles of abuse in adolescent sex offenders. The summary emphasizes that most youth offending is non-violent and non-sexual in nature, but the most serious cases require assessment and intervention, with consideration given to other countries' approaches.
sociological causes of crime
This document discusses concepts related to socialization, attitudes, and the family. It defines socialization as how individuals acquire social behaviors and norms through social interaction and internalization. Attitudes are described as having affective, cognitive, and behavioral components regarding psychological objects. The family is presented as the basic social unit, and characteristics of a normal home are outlined, along with types of homes that can contribute to delinquency in youth residents. Joblessness and too much leisure time are also mentioned as potentially leading people to criminal behavior.
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The document discusses the concept of moral panic, where society exhibits an exaggerated reaction to a perceived problem. A moral panic occurs when the media identifies a group as a threat, presents them in a negative stereotypical way, and exaggerates the scale of the problem. Moral entrepreneurs then condemn the group and its behavior. Criticism of moral panics argues that it is not clear what constitutes an overreaction, and that the media is able to amplify some issues into panics while ignoring others.
Interactionist Theories of Crime
The document discusses interactionism and labelling theory. It explains that interactionists believe deviance is defined by others' reactions rather than the acts themselves. Labelling theory, proposed by Howard Becker, states that actions only become deviant through the application of a label. Once labelled, a deviant career may follow as the label becomes a person's master status. The media plays a role in socially constructing crime and deviance through how it reports and amplifies certain acts. However, labelling theory is difficult to prove and some acts will always be seen as deviant regardless of labelling.
Bullying And Harassment In The Workplace
The document discusses various forms of harassment and bullying in the workplace. It notes that indirect verbal communication, non-verbal communication, and manipulation of the work environment are all ways that bullies operate. It also mentions that women and minorities often experience higher rates of abusive behavior. The document provides information on how to address harassment, including confronting the harasser, reporting the behavior to supervisors, and keeping records of incidents.
The Media effects debate
The document discusses different theories around media effects and influence:
- Media can directly harm audiences through certain content, leading to classifications and restrictions to protect audiences. Media ownership can also negatively influence beliefs through biased reporting.
- Hegemony theory suggests the ruling class dominates media industries and uses media to manipulate audiences and impose their views on society. Pluralism counters that diverse groups in society are reflected in diverse media, allowing different beliefs to coexist.
Cultural and social control
This document summarizes and compares Hirschi's social control theory and cultural deviance theory as explanations for deviant behavior. It outlines the key elements of each theory, including the social bonds and relationships emphasized by social control theory and the influence of subculture and environment highlighted by cultural deviance theory. The document argues that cultural deviance theory may better explain why individuals engage in different deviant acts and why social bonds can vary, making it a more powerful framework than social control theory.
tv violence
Several studies and reports from organizations like the NAEYC, APA, and Kaiser Family Foundation found that the amount of violence depicted on television, especially in children's programming and cartoons, has significantly increased since the 1980s. On average, children's shows contain about 20 violent acts per hour and by elementary school, the average child has seen over 8,000 depictions of murder or violence on TV. Experiments show children who watch violent clips are more likely to exhibit aggressive behavior themselves afterwards. Long term studies link heavy television watching in teenagers to later aggression and violence. Violent media is considered a public health threat due to its effects on the brain and potential to influence violent behavior.
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Agression
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CONTROL THEORY- LAUREN ROSE
Control theory proposes that a lack of self-control is a key factor in criminal behavior. It attempts to explain why more people do not commit crimes by arguing that social limits restrain people's natural impulses towards immediate gratification. The theory connects low self-control with criminal and impulsive conduct, and believes criminal behavior is influenced by factors like family, schooling, environment, and morals. Later, Sykes and Matza outlined specific techniques of neutralization that criminals use to justify their lack of self-control, such as denial of responsibility, injury, or the victim, appealing to higher loyalties, or condemning those who condemn them.
Crime and Deviance
Topic of Sociology, Crime and Deviance, Norms and Crime/Deviance, Introduction, Legally Deviant Behavior, Illegally Deviant Behavior, Criminal Behavior, Reasons People Commit Crimes and deviance, Deviance and crime, Group deviance, Three views of deviance, Biological, Psychological, Sociological, Structural-Functionalist Perspectives, Reinforcement theories, Differential association theory, Social conflict perspectives, Symbolic integrationists perspectives, Labeling theory, William Chambliss Experiment, Experiment by D.L Rosenhan, Crime, Crime Classification, Types of Crime, How is crime reported?, Recording Crime, Measures of crime, CRIME AND GENDER, CRIME AND AGE, ETHNIC GROUP/ETHNICITY, INSTITUTIONAL RACISM, Crime And Ethnicity, Crime And Social Class, Occupational Crime, Professional Crime Corporate Crime, Computer Crime, The criminal justice system, Police Duties, The criminal justice system, Justifications of punishment, Retributive justice, Social control
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This document discusses deviance and social control. It covers several theories of deviance, including strain theory, control theory, differential association theory, and conflict theory. It also discusses measures of crime, approaches to crime control like deterrence and rehabilitation, and how perceptions of deviance have changed over time. For example, behaviors considered deviant in 1969 may no longer be seen as such today.
Crime essay LO4
This document discusses several theories of criminal behavior and how it relates to socialization. It examines anomie theory, which suggests that crime can result when there is a disconnect between socially accepted goals and the means to achieve them. Labelling theory holds that acts only become deviant when labeled as such by others. The author also reviews right realism, which views crime as a matter of free will and advocates for harsher punishments, and left realism, which focuses more on victims and sees crime stemming from lack of resources and social skills due to one's background. Overall, the document argues that criminal behavior is linked to socialization through social structures, learning from others, social class influences, and societies' labeling of certain acts
RESPOND ONLY TO THE HIGHLIGHTED STATEMENTS AND KEEP THEM LABELED A,B.docx
RESPOND ONLY TO THE HIGHLIGHTED STATEMENTS AND KEEP THEM LABELED A,B, AND C
A
.From the e-Activity, compare and contrast the fundamental differences in the manner in which the general populace may interpret court decisions involving social policy. Provide a rationale for your response.
From the e-
activity
, Philip Howard explained is the best, judges apply what is best for the region or expectation. For example, “Perhaps courts inevitably make social policy that this is
inhernet
in the power they yield”(Howard Philip). I don’t remember was it this class are not but social media can also interfere with decision are policies made in the area, with people protesting more and communities broadcasting city council meetings it makes it easier on us to be involved. But
Joffe
, pointed out,” In our system we have constitutions laws and regulations, but also common law evolution and broad discretions”.
Take a position on whether or not you believe the Supreme Court is responsive to public opinion. Examine the extent to which public opinion should affect Supreme Court decisions. Support your response with at least three (3) examples of the perceived effects of public opinion on Supreme Court decisions.
I don't think Supreme Court should be responsive to the public opinion,
1. The Supreme Court has limitation on what they can rule in, for example the Elk Grove case the issue with custodial right was left to the state.
2. They only listen to cases that interfere with the U.S Constitution.
3.Public opinion may affect common law
B.
Summarize three (3) Supreme Court decisions that you believe have had the most impact on our society. Provide a rationale for your response.
Discuss the general role of the U.S. Court System in influencing society. Give your opinion on whether or not you believe that mass media influences court decisions. Provide a rationale for your response.
The t
hree
cases that I believe have had the most impact on our society are as follows:
1. Brown v. Board of Education. In 1954, the Supreme Court ruled that it was unconstitutional and unequal to have separate educational facilities for students based on their race. This case provoked the civil rights movement.
2. United States v. Nixon. In 1974, The supreme Court made a ruling that President Nixon had to turn over tapes and other documents regarding the Watergate scandal. The ruling set preliminaries which limits the power of the president of the United States.
3.
Mapp
v. Ohio. In 1961, the Supreme Court overturned the conviction of
Dollree
Mapp
because the evidence that they collected to use against her was obtained illegally. They wanted to search her home without a warrant looking for a suspect in a bombing but she refused to let them in. They returned later and forced their way into her home. Her case help strengthened the Fourth Amendment, protection against illegal searches.
The court is to protect the citizen rights and to uphold the Constitution. The judges are app.
Deviance
This document discusses sociological perspectives on deviance. It addresses how deviance is a social construct rather than an inherent personal characteristic. Deviance arises from violations of social norms and is often used to label diversity. When deviance occurs, others may initially try to deny or minimize it through techniques like bracketing or normalization before potentially labeling the deviant individual. Sociological theories of deviance discussed include functionalism, strain theory, differential association theory, control theory, and labeling theory.
CRIME AND DEVIANCE.pptx
The document discusses the concepts of deviance and crime. It defines deviance as violating social norms, whether minor norms like etiquette or more serious moral codes. Crime is defined as deviant behavior that breaks codified law. Whether an act is considered deviant depends on social and cultural context. Structural functionalism views deviance as serving a constructive role in affirming social values, while conflict theory sees it as a result of inequality between social groups. The document also discusses theories for integrating explanations of crime, such as control theory which examines how social bonds influence law-abiding behavior.
CRIM-102-MIDTERM.pptx
The document discusses several major sociological theories of crime causation, including:
1. Strain theory, which posits that people commit crimes to relieve strain or stress.
2. Social learning theory, which claims that criminal behavior is learned through association with others, especially peers.
3. Social control theory, which focuses on why people obey the law by emphasizing strong social bonds. Weakened bonds may lead to criminal acts.
4. Several other theories are also mentioned briefly, including subcultural, anomie, social disorganization, and differential association theories. The document provides overview explanations of the major concepts and theorists associated with these perspectives.
I need answers to both discussions questions as well as replies to f.docx
I need answers to both discussions questions as well as replies to fellow students. i also need atleast one reference
DISCUSSION 1
"Explosive Growth of Digital Crime and Fighting Digital Crime" Please respond to the following:
·
Identify at least two (2) factors that have led to the explosive growth of digital crime over the past a few decades. Next, describe the most common forms of digital crime, and give your opinion as to why those forms you described are so common. Provide a rationale for your response.
From the e-Activity, list three (3) types of digital crime, and name the main federal agencies which have primary responsibility to enforce digital crime laws. Next, recommend one (1) way for the federal agencies in question to improve the overall public response to computer crimes. Include the role of an individual citizen in the fight against digital crime in your discussion.
1. Cyber Stalking- Enforced by the FBI
2. Viruses- Enforced by The Secret Service
3. Piracy- Enforced by the ICE, FBI, and HIS
Please respond to the following student
Top of Form
·
Alecia Giles
·
RE: Week 1 Discussion
Over the past few decades, the need for computer technology has greatly increased. Users now turn to many forms of "computers" for daily tasks. Therefore, digital crime has also increased. Two factors that I believe have led to the explosive growth of digital crime
1. Identity Theft- Since computers are used for almost everything we do in life, many of us enter too much personal information into these devices. This personal information is now out there for hackers to retrieve and use in the theft of our identity.
2. Credit Card Fraud- An increase of online purchases and bill payment has allowed for credit card information to become more vulnerable to theft and/or fraud.
I believe these are the most common forms of digital crimes because they are the most commonly used by individuals.
Three types of digital crime include:
1. Cyber Stalking- Enforced by the FBI
2. Viruses- Enforced by The Secret Service
3. Piracy- Enforced by the ICE, FBI, and HIS
The federal virus genies in question can improve the overall public response to such computer crimes by identifying target areas for the reported crimes. Individual citizens can also assist in the fight against digital crime as well. To do so, when a crime is committed, the citizen should immediately report all aspects of the known crime to the proper authorities. Additionally, individual citizens can do things to prevent said crimes from occurring, such as; block and report cyber stalkers, install and use trusted anti-virus software and stay away from piracy websites.
Discussion 2
"Tort Law and Police Powers"
Please respond to the following:
·
From the e-Activity, specify the key differences between criminal law and tort law. Next, explain the common approaches that the judicial system takes in order to ensure that the public upholds these two (2) types of laws. Provide one (1) specific exa.
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Session 9. violence retribution & restoration.2016
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Nothing Works; Disproportionate Minority Confinement
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RESPOND ONLY TO THE HIGHLIGHTED STATEMENTS AND KEEP THEM LABELED A,B.docx
RESPOND ONLY TO THE HIGHLIGHTED STATEMENTS AND KEEP THEM LABELED A,B.docx
I need answers to both discussions questions as well as replies to f.docx
I need answers to both discussions questions as well as replies to f.docx
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