Societal Issues in Engineering Design
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Factors over which an Engineer has control that effect the cost of the product Issues that are relevant to GREEN DESIGN Discuss recyclability/disposability issues A brief discussion on legal and ethical issues in engineering design A study on Environmental, Economic and Societal (EES) issues in Materials Science and Engineering. On January 28th, 1986, Space Shuttle Challenger was launched at 11:38am on the 6-day STS-51-L mission. During the first 3 seconds of lift off the o-rings (o-shaped loops used to connect two cylinders) in the shuttle’s right-hand solid rocket booster (SRB) failed. Tacoma Narrows Bridge collapse – The third longest suspension bridge of the world at that time, Tacoma Narrows Bridge had been in operation for just more than five months before it crashed into the Puget Sound of Washington on November 7th, 1940. Eschede Train Disaster On June 3, 1998, a high-speed train derailed near the village of Eschede in Germany, killing 101 people and injuring 88 more. A single fatigue crack in one wheel failed, causing the train to derail at a switch. A contributing factor was the use of welds in the carriage bodies that “unzipped” during the crash. Within weeks of the crash, all wheels of a similar design were replaced with mono block wheels. Hyatt Regency Walkway Collapse On July 17, 1981, at the Hyatt Regency Kansas City in Kansas City, Mo., two connected walkways collapsed and fell into the lobby, killing 114 people and injuring 216 more. An investigation revealed a structural engineering flaw in the way the bolts and rods were secured. The engineering firm consulting on the project was found to be in gross negligence, misconduct and unprofessional conduct. Fukushima Reactor Meltdown Following the earthquake and tsunami on March 11, 2011, the Fukushima reactor melted down, releasing radioactive material into the ground and ocean. While exacerbated by the earthquake, a report claims that the meltdown was a manmade disaster caused by poor regulation. Wrote Daily Tech, “The Fukushima nuclear disaster shows the danger of using ancient reactor designs in flood-prone regions without proper precaution. The accident stands as a stirring cry to decommission older reactors and move to modern designs.” The Deepwater Horizon was an offshore drilling unit with the ability to drill down to 30,000 feet. On April 20, 2010, while drilling an exploratory well, the rig exploded, killing 11 workers and setting the stage to release 4.9 million barrels of oil that devastated the area around the Gulf of Mexico. The National Commission on the BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill said “several tests indicated the cement put in place after the installation ... was not an effective barrier to prevent gases from entering the well.” These same gases allowed the explosion to occur.
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Write about the following ethics case studies1. Hyatt Regency Walk.pdf
Write about the following ethics case studies
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2. TV Antenna Collapse
3. Trench Failure
4. Three Mile Island
5. Tacoma Bridge
Solution
(1) Hyatt Regency Walkway Collapse :-
On July 17, 1981, the Hyatt Regency Hotel in kansas City, Missouri, held a videotaped tea-dance
party in their atrium lobby. With many party-goers standing and dancing on the suspended
walkways, connections supporting the ceiling rods that held up the second and fourth-floor
walkways across the atrium failed, and both walkways collapsed onto the crowded first-floor
atrium below. The fourth-floor walkway collapsed onto the second-floor walkway, while the
offset third-floor walkway remained intact. As the United states\' most devastating structural
failure, in terms of loss of life and injuries, the Kansas City Hyatt Regency walkways collapse
left 114 dead and in excess of 200 injured. In addition, millions of dollars in costs resulted from
the collapse, and thousands of lives were adversely affected.
(2) TV Antenna Collapse. :-
Total collapse during installation of a 6-ton FM antenna being placed on a new 1800 ft. tower. 5
technicians killed, 3 on the hoist and 2 on the tower. It was determined that insufficient sized
bolts on a makeshift lifting lug extension failed. The falling debris severed one of the tower\'s
guy wires, causing the tower to collapse.
The following case is based on an actual incident. However, individual actors and company
names have been changed due to possible pending litigation. In addition, although conversations
and memorandums used are based on evidence surrounding the case, they are hypothetical in
nature, and are used to illustrate important issues rather than to attempt an actual reenactment of
what \"really\" happened.
In 1982, a television station video crew was filming the raising of their new television tower. The
antenna was designed and manufactured by Antenna Engineering, Inc., a moderately-sized local
firm. Riggers, Inc., a small local firm, was contracted to raise and assemble the antenna. During
the initial design, Antenna Engineering submitted antenna plans to Riggers for their approval.
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sections from the delivery truck, and for hoisting the antenna into the air for final assembly on a
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tower to lift each new section of the tower, and finally, the two-section antenna onto the top of
the tower. The design called for a three-legged tower, and as each new section was lifted, it was
positioned and bolted onto the previous tower sections, one piece at a time. The tower legs were
solid steel bars with 8 inch diameters. The tower sections we.
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Engineering Ethics
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The final paper will require the student to complete two (2) case st
The final paper will require the student to complete two (2) case studies from the Pinto text (one from Chapter 13 and one from chapter 14). You should incorporate outside resources into their paper. A minimum of five (5) outside sources will need to be referenced.
1)
Respond to the following case study from Pinto Chapters 13
Case Study 13.2
2)
Respond to the following case study
from Pinto Chapters 14
Case Study 14.3
CASE STUDY 13.2:
Conceived in the 1980s as a device to accelerate particles in high-energy physics research, the Superconducting Supercollider (SSC) was a political and technical hot potato from the beginning. The technical challenges as- sociated with the SSC were daunting. Its purpose was to smash subatomic particles together at near the speed of light. That would require energy levels of 40 trillion elec- tron volts. Using the physics of quantum mechanics, the goal of the project was to shed light on some of the fun- damental questions about the formation of the universe. The SSC was designed to be the largest particle accelera- tor ever constructed, far bigger than its counterpart at Fermi Laboratory. In order to achieve these energy levels, a set of 10,000 magnets was needed. Each of the magnets, cylindrical in shape (1 foot in diameter and 57 feet long), would need to operate at peak levels if the accelerator were to achieve the necessary energy levels for proton collision. The expected price tag just for the construction of the magnets was estimated at $1.5 billion.
The technical difficulties were only part of the over- all scope of the project. Construction of the SSC would be an undertaking of unique proportions. Scientists deter- mined that the accelerator required a racetrack-shaped form, buried underground for easier use. The overall circumference of the planned SSC required 54 miles of tunnel to be bored 165 to 200 feet underground. The ini- tial budget estimate for completing the project was $5 billion, and the estimated schedule would require eight years to finish the construction and technical assemblies.
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ENVIRONMENTAL RISK AND THE IRON TRIANGLETHE CASE OF YUCCA M.docx
ENVIRONMENTAL RISK AND THE IRON TRIANGLE:
THE CASE OF YUCCA MOUNTAIN
Kristin S. Shrader-Frechette
Abstract: Despite significant scientific uncertainties and strong public op-
position, there appears to be an "iron triangle" of industry, government,
and consultants/contractors promoting the siting of the world's first per-
manent geological repository for high-level nuclear waste and spent fuel,
proposed for Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Arguing that representatives of
this iron triangle have ignored important epistemological and ethical
difficulties with the proposed facility, I conclude that the business cli-
mate surrounding this triangle appears to leave little room for considera-
tion of ethical issues related to public safety, environmental welfare, and
citizen consent to risk. If my analysis of the Yucca Mountain case is
correct and typical, then some of the most pressing questions of busi-
ness ethics may concern how to break the iron triangle or, at least, how
to expand it into a quadrilateral that includes the public.
1. Introduction
IN late 1991 someone leaked a confidential letter written by Allen Keesler,President of Florida Power and Chair of the utility industry's American
Committee on Radwaste Disposal. Keesler's letter to other US utility execu-
tives revealed that nuclear utilities in the US were about to begin a $9 million
"advertising blitz in Nevada designed to overcome its resistance to serving as
the dumping ground for other states' nuclear wastes." Recognizing that the
profits of nuclear utilities are tied to the existence of radwaste repositories,
Keesler was eager to promote the proposed Nevada repository. He also re-
vealed, in his letter to the other nuclear-utility executives, that the federal
waste-disposal program being run by the US Department of Energy (DOE) is
progressing only "because of the active support, guidance, and involvement
of our industry" in re-educating the people of Nevada.'
According to Keesler's plan, each utility owning a nuclear unit in the US
would be assessed $50,000 per year, per unit, for the cost of Nevada advertising
designed to "convert" the Nevada citizens to favoring the proposed Yucca
Mountain high-level nuclear waste repository. For the 112 commercial nuclear
reactors in the US, this assessment comes to $5.6 million annually. Keesler
asked the executives to keep his letter "confidential" because "all costs for the
utility campaign" are to be charged to utility "customers, not stockholders."^
Keesler's actions raise a host of ethical questions.^ Central among them is
whether a particular industry ought to attempt to coerce both citizens of Nevada
©1995. Business Ethics Quarterly, Volume 5, Issue 4. ISSN 1052-150X. 0753-0777.
754 BUSINESS ETHICS QUARTERLY
and the US DOE to accept a risk (the repository) whose central benefits accrue
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4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Connect to Grow: The power of building networks
In the intricate tapestry of life, connections serve as the vibrant threads that weave together opportunities, experiences, and growth. Whether in personal or professional spheres, the ability to forge meaningful connections opens doors to a multitude of possibilities, propelling individuals toward success and fulfillment.
Eirini is an HR professional with strong passion for technology and semiconductors industry in particular. She started her career as a software recruiter in 2012, and developed an interest for business development, talent enablement and innovation which later got her setting up the concept of Software Community Management in ASML, and to Developer Relations today. She holds a bachelor degree in Lifelong Learning and an MBA specialised in Strategic Human Resources Management. She is a world citizen, having grown up in Greece, she studied and kickstarted her career in The Netherlands and can currently be found in Santa Clara, CA.
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Societal Issues in Engineering Design
- 2. Learning Objectives _ EES • Factors over which an Engineer has control that effect the cost of the product • Issues that are relevant to GREEN DESIGN • Discuss recyclability/disposability issues • A brief discussion on legal and ethical issues in engineering design • A study on Environmental, Economic and Societal (EES) issues in Materials Science and Engineering.
- 3. EES DESIGN EXAMPLE Solar Roof Environmentally Economic Energy Generation CAR Parking, Clean Air, Low Cost For Society
- 4. Engineering Disasters On January 28th, 1986, Space Shuttle Challenger was launched at 11:38am on the 6-day STS-51-L mission. During the first 3 seconds of lift off the o- rings (o-shaped loops used to connect two cylinders) in the shuttle’s right- hand solid rocket booster (SRB) failed. http://geovanyku.blogspot.in/2012/09/top-10-worst-engineering-failures.html
- 5. Engineering Disasters Tacoma Narrows Bridge collapse – The third longest suspension bridge of the world at that time, Tacoma Narrows Bridge had been in operation for just more than five months before it crashed into the Puget Sound of Washington on November 7th, 1940. Its main span collapsed under winds blowing at 40 miles per hour.
- 6. Engineering Disasters Eschede Train Disaster On June 3, 1998, a high-speed train derailed near the village of Eschede in Germany, killing 101 people and injuring 88 more. A single fatigue crack in one wheel failed, causing the train to derail at a switch. A contributing factor was the use of welds in the carriage bodies that “unzipped” during the crash. Within weeks of the crash, all wheels of a similar design were replaced with mono block wheels.
- 7. Engineering Disasters Hyatt Regency Walkway Collapse On July 17, 1981, at the Hyatt Regency Kansas City in Kansas City, Mo., two connected walkways collapsed and fell into the lobby, killing 114 people and injuring 216 more. An investigation revealed a structural engineering flaw in the way the bolts and rods were secured. The engineering firm consulting on the project was found to be in gross negligence, misconduct and unprofessional conduct.
- 8. Engineering Disasters Fukushima Reactor Meltdown Following the earthquake and tsunami on March 11, 2011, the Fukushima reactor melted down, releasing radioactive material into the ground and ocean. While exacerbated by the earthquake, a report claims that the meltdown was a manmade disaster caused by poor regulation. Wrote Daily Tech, “The Fukushima nuclear disaster shows the danger of using ancient reactor designs in flood-prone regions without proper precaution. The accident stands as a stirring cry to decommission older reactors and move to modern designs.”
- 9. Engineering Disasters The Deepwater Horizon was an offshore drilling unit with the ability to drill down to 30,000 feet. On April 20, 2010, while drilling an exploratory well, the rig exploded, killing 11 workers and setting the stage to release 4.9 million barrels of oil that devastated the area around the Gulf of Mexico. The National Commission on the BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill said “several tests indicated the cement put in place after the installation ... was not an effective barrier to prevent gases from entering the well.” These same gases allowed the explosion to occur.
- 11. Economics of Engineering There are three factors over which the materials engineer has control and that affect the cost of a product; they are (1) Component design, (2) The material(s) used, (3) The manufacturing technique(s) that are employed. These factors are interrelated in that component design may affect which material is used, and both component design and the material used will influence the choice of manufacturing technique(s).
- 13. Basic Issues
- 14. Pollution Map
- 16. Recycling Issues in Material Sciences
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- 24. FINAL LINK _ EES