The document provides an introduction to various types of engineering, including chemical/biological, civil, electrical, and mechanical engineering. It discusses key engineering categories and how engineers from different disciplines might collaborate on projects. Examples are provided of natural disasters and how different engineering specialties could work together on rebuilding efforts. The objectives are also summarized which cover defining engineering disciplines, how they complement each other, defining vocabulary, and explaining concepts like machines, mechanical advantage, and efficiency.
Civil engineering plays a major role in developing and managing society's physical infrastructure through planning, designing, constructing, and maintaining projects. It involves analyzing designs while considering various factors. The objective of this project was to understand all aspects of civil engineering, including its history, subdivisions, employment trends, technologies, and ethics. Civil engineering has many sub-disciplines and plays a crucial role in human development through innovations like bridges and dams. It remains an in-demand field with growing employment opportunities.
Evaluating Interface Properties and Predicting Landfill Liner Stability Under...MrEddyAsyrafSyed
Predicting landfill stability and maintaining stable configuration during filling is responsibility of engineers. Majority of failures occurs within waste mass and along landfill liners. This paper will discuss the methods adopted to predict landfill liner stability in terms of interface performances. Interfaces shear strength parameter evaluation for landfill liner systems have been a tedious testing process.
This is delivered yesterday in our college to enlighten 1st year ECE and EEE students about engineering, engineering principles, how to be a good engineering students, and finally how to grow as a enterpreneur.
1) The document discusses resilience planning for critical energy infrastructure in Oregon, including a 2012 report on vulnerabilities and recommendations.
2) Key findings were that the energy sector is at high risk with many vulnerable structures built on liquefiable soils before modern codes. Disruptions are expected to be extensive and prolonged.
3) Recommendations included seismic assessments, oversight, mitigation programs, liability protection, permitting streamlining, and public-private partnerships to improve resilience over 50 years.
Factors over which an Engineer has control that effect the cost of the product
Issues that are relevant to GREEN DESIGN
Discuss recyclability/disposability issues
A brief discussion on legal and ethical issues in engineering design
A study on Environmental, Economic and Societal (EES) issues in Materials Science and Engineering.
On January 28th, 1986, Space Shuttle Challenger was launched at 11:38am on the 6-day STS-51-L mission. During the first 3 seconds of lift off the o-rings (o-shaped loops used to connect two cylinders) in the shuttle’s right-hand solid rocket booster (SRB) failed.
Tacoma Narrows Bridge collapse – The third longest suspension bridge of the world at that time, Tacoma Narrows Bridge had been in operation for just more than five months before it crashed into the Puget Sound of Washington on November 7th, 1940.
Eschede Train Disaster
On June 3, 1998, a high-speed train derailed near the village of Eschede in Germany, killing 101 people and injuring 88 more. A single fatigue crack in one wheel failed, causing the train to derail at a switch. A contributing factor was the use of welds in the carriage bodies that “unzipped” during the crash. Within weeks of the crash, all wheels of a similar design were replaced with mono block wheels.
Hyatt Regency Walkway Collapse
On July 17, 1981, at the Hyatt Regency Kansas City in Kansas City, Mo., two connected walkways collapsed and fell into the lobby, killing 114 people and injuring 216 more. An investigation revealed a structural engineering flaw in the way the bolts and rods were secured. The engineering firm consulting on the project was found to be in gross negligence, misconduct and unprofessional conduct.
Fukushima Reactor Meltdown
Following the earthquake and tsunami on March 11, 2011, the Fukushima reactor melted down, releasing radioactive material into the ground and ocean. While exacerbated by the earthquake, a report claims that the meltdown was a manmade disaster caused by poor regulation. Wrote Daily Tech, “The Fukushima nuclear disaster shows the danger of using ancient reactor designs in flood-prone regions without proper precaution. The accident stands as a stirring cry to decommission older reactors and move to modern designs.”
The Deepwater Horizon was an offshore drilling unit with the ability to drill down to 30,000 feet. On April 20, 2010, while drilling an exploratory well, the rig exploded, killing 11 workers and setting the stage to release 4.9 million barrels of oil that devastated the area around the Gulf of Mexico. The National Commission on the BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill said “several tests indicated the cement put in place after the installation ... was not an effective barrier to prevent gases from entering the well.” These same gases allowed the explosion to occur.
This document discusses emerging technologies used in various sectors such as energy, manufacturing, automotive, aerospace, and marine. It focuses on technologies used in the energy sector, including renewable energy technologies like solar and wind power, fossil fuel technologies, nuclear energy technologies, energy storage technologies, smart grid technologies, electric vehicles, hydrogen technologies, and energy efficiency technologies. The role of mechanical engineers in developing and applying these technologies is highlighted.
Sustainable Design of Alternator Pulley for LocomotivesIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study that analyzed the sustainable design of an alternator pulley for locomotives using SolidWorks sustainability tools. The study conducted a life cycle assessment of the alternator pulley design made of gray cast iron. The sustainability tools measured the environmental impacts across the product's life cycle, including material processing, manufacturing, transportation, use, and end of life. The results found that manufacturing using sand casting was the largest contributor to carbon footprint and air acidification, while material processing consumed most of the total energy. Product end of life had the greatest impact on water eutrophication. The study concluded that sustainability assessments are important for determining a product design's environmental impacts throughout its entire lifecycle.
Sustainable Design of Alternator Pulley for LocomotivesIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study that analyzed the sustainable design of an alternator pulley for locomotives using SolidWorks sustainability tools. The study conducted a life cycle assessment of the alternator pulley design made of gray cast iron. The sustainability tool measured the environmental impact across the product's life cycle, including material production, manufacturing, transportation, use, and disposal. The results found that manufacturing via sand casting was the largest contributor to carbon footprint and air acidification. Material processing consumed most of the total energy. Product end of life had the greatest impact on water eutrophication. The study concluded that sustainability analyses are important for determining a product design's environmental impacts.
Civil engineering plays a major role in developing and managing society's physical infrastructure through planning, designing, constructing, and maintaining projects. It involves analyzing designs while considering various factors. The objective of this project was to understand all aspects of civil engineering, including its history, subdivisions, employment trends, technologies, and ethics. Civil engineering has many sub-disciplines and plays a crucial role in human development through innovations like bridges and dams. It remains an in-demand field with growing employment opportunities.
Evaluating Interface Properties and Predicting Landfill Liner Stability Under...MrEddyAsyrafSyed
Predicting landfill stability and maintaining stable configuration during filling is responsibility of engineers. Majority of failures occurs within waste mass and along landfill liners. This paper will discuss the methods adopted to predict landfill liner stability in terms of interface performances. Interfaces shear strength parameter evaluation for landfill liner systems have been a tedious testing process.
This is delivered yesterday in our college to enlighten 1st year ECE and EEE students about engineering, engineering principles, how to be a good engineering students, and finally how to grow as a enterpreneur.
1) The document discusses resilience planning for critical energy infrastructure in Oregon, including a 2012 report on vulnerabilities and recommendations.
2) Key findings were that the energy sector is at high risk with many vulnerable structures built on liquefiable soils before modern codes. Disruptions are expected to be extensive and prolonged.
3) Recommendations included seismic assessments, oversight, mitigation programs, liability protection, permitting streamlining, and public-private partnerships to improve resilience over 50 years.
Factors over which an Engineer has control that effect the cost of the product
Issues that are relevant to GREEN DESIGN
Discuss recyclability/disposability issues
A brief discussion on legal and ethical issues in engineering design
A study on Environmental, Economic and Societal (EES) issues in Materials Science and Engineering.
On January 28th, 1986, Space Shuttle Challenger was launched at 11:38am on the 6-day STS-51-L mission. During the first 3 seconds of lift off the o-rings (o-shaped loops used to connect two cylinders) in the shuttle’s right-hand solid rocket booster (SRB) failed.
Tacoma Narrows Bridge collapse – The third longest suspension bridge of the world at that time, Tacoma Narrows Bridge had been in operation for just more than five months before it crashed into the Puget Sound of Washington on November 7th, 1940.
Eschede Train Disaster
On June 3, 1998, a high-speed train derailed near the village of Eschede in Germany, killing 101 people and injuring 88 more. A single fatigue crack in one wheel failed, causing the train to derail at a switch. A contributing factor was the use of welds in the carriage bodies that “unzipped” during the crash. Within weeks of the crash, all wheels of a similar design were replaced with mono block wheels.
Hyatt Regency Walkway Collapse
On July 17, 1981, at the Hyatt Regency Kansas City in Kansas City, Mo., two connected walkways collapsed and fell into the lobby, killing 114 people and injuring 216 more. An investigation revealed a structural engineering flaw in the way the bolts and rods were secured. The engineering firm consulting on the project was found to be in gross negligence, misconduct and unprofessional conduct.
Fukushima Reactor Meltdown
Following the earthquake and tsunami on March 11, 2011, the Fukushima reactor melted down, releasing radioactive material into the ground and ocean. While exacerbated by the earthquake, a report claims that the meltdown was a manmade disaster caused by poor regulation. Wrote Daily Tech, “The Fukushima nuclear disaster shows the danger of using ancient reactor designs in flood-prone regions without proper precaution. The accident stands as a stirring cry to decommission older reactors and move to modern designs.”
The Deepwater Horizon was an offshore drilling unit with the ability to drill down to 30,000 feet. On April 20, 2010, while drilling an exploratory well, the rig exploded, killing 11 workers and setting the stage to release 4.9 million barrels of oil that devastated the area around the Gulf of Mexico. The National Commission on the BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill said “several tests indicated the cement put in place after the installation ... was not an effective barrier to prevent gases from entering the well.” These same gases allowed the explosion to occur.
This document discusses emerging technologies used in various sectors such as energy, manufacturing, automotive, aerospace, and marine. It focuses on technologies used in the energy sector, including renewable energy technologies like solar and wind power, fossil fuel technologies, nuclear energy technologies, energy storage technologies, smart grid technologies, electric vehicles, hydrogen technologies, and energy efficiency technologies. The role of mechanical engineers in developing and applying these technologies is highlighted.
Sustainable Design of Alternator Pulley for LocomotivesIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study that analyzed the sustainable design of an alternator pulley for locomotives using SolidWorks sustainability tools. The study conducted a life cycle assessment of the alternator pulley design made of gray cast iron. The sustainability tools measured the environmental impacts across the product's life cycle, including material processing, manufacturing, transportation, use, and end of life. The results found that manufacturing using sand casting was the largest contributor to carbon footprint and air acidification, while material processing consumed most of the total energy. Product end of life had the greatest impact on water eutrophication. The study concluded that sustainability assessments are important for determining a product design's environmental impacts throughout its entire lifecycle.
Sustainable Design of Alternator Pulley for LocomotivesIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study that analyzed the sustainable design of an alternator pulley for locomotives using SolidWorks sustainability tools. The study conducted a life cycle assessment of the alternator pulley design made of gray cast iron. The sustainability tool measured the environmental impact across the product's life cycle, including material production, manufacturing, transportation, use, and disposal. The results found that manufacturing via sand casting was the largest contributor to carbon footprint and air acidification. Material processing consumed most of the total energy. Product end of life had the greatest impact on water eutrophication. The study concluded that sustainability analyses are important for determining a product design's environmental impacts.
Engineering Fundamental 6 August 2020.pptxJagdishannaya
The teacher development program provides resources and modules to support the HSC engineering studies course. This module focuses on engineering fundamentals and includes the history of engineering, descriptions of various engineering disciplines, discussions of common engineering materials, and case studies. Teachers are encouraged to use the provided materials and interact with Engineers Australia to strengthen their understanding of engineering concepts.
Design and Analysis of Wheel Rim Using Finite Element MethodIRJET Journal
1. The document presents a finite element analysis of six different wheel rim designs made of structural steel to determine the optimal design.
2. The analysis found that wheel design 6 had the best performance, with a weight of 27.192 kg, minimal deformation of 0.00703 mm, a safety factor over 15, and lowest equivalent stress of 6.13956 MPa.
3. A key finding was that wheel design 6 emerged as the superior choice based on being the lightest, most rigid, and safest design according to the finite element analysis.
This document summarizes research on optimizing the structural design of composite blades for wind and marine hydrokinetic turbines. The researchers developed computational tools to model the structural mechanics of composite blades and optimize blade designs for energy production while reducing loads. Preliminary results show the tools can identify optimal blade designs and analyze effects of uncertain material properties. Ongoing work includes further validation and tighter coupling of hydrodynamic and structural models to better capture fluid-structure interaction.
This document provides information about a construction technology and maintenance course, including its code, credit units, contact hours, assessment structure, and lesson plan. The course aims to help students understand construction methods, techniques, and equipment used on construction sites. It covers topics like building, infrastructure, and maintenance stages; temporary and permanent works; construction plants; and latest technologies. The lesson plan lists weekly topics, learning outcomes, and lecture hours across 14 weeks. Students will learn about construction processes, equipment selection, and sustainable development techniques. The course assessments include two tests, assignments, a project report, and group presentations.
Manufacturing technology refers to the tools, techniques, and processes used to produce goods efficiently and cost-effectively. The goal is to meet customer requirements while maximizing productivity and profitability. Examples of goods produced using manufacturing technology include consumer products, industrial machinery, automobiles, aerospace products, medical devices, and building materials. Manufacturing plays a crucial role in economies by creating jobs, driving innovation, and supporting other sectors. It contributes significantly to GDP and exports. In India, the diverse manufacturing sector comprises industries like textiles, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, automobiles, and electronics.
Che 20032 chemistry of technology presentationRob Jackson
This document outlines the course CHE-20032: Sustainable Chemistry. It discusses the overall aims of investigating modern technological applications and their chemistry and environmental issues. Possible topics for student posters are listed, including lithium ion batteries, lithium air batteries, photovoltaic materials, smart screen materials, solid oxide fuel cells, graphene, and lightweight materials. Brief descriptions of the chemistry of some of these topics are also provided.
The document provides an overview of wind turbine design from an aerodynamic perspective. It discusses that wind turbine design is an interdisciplinary optimization problem that involves choosing parameters like the number of blades, blade radius, twist distribution, airfoils, and RPM based on considerations of cost, noise, fatigue, and other factors. It also reviews existing wind turbine concepts and references on rotor design studies to help inform the design process.
This document summarizes a project report on the design and implementation of a land-based wind turbine. It examines various design alternatives and performs a cost analysis of the chosen design. The report was submitted by three students to fulfill the requirements for a Bachelor of Science degree. It considers economic, environmental, sustainability, constructability, ethical, health and safety, and social/political constraints as required by ABET for a capstone design experience.
The document discusses renewable energy technologies as alternatives to avoid catastrophic climate change. It outlines several renewable technologies including solar PV, wind power, hydro power, and biomass power. While these technologies have long term benefits over traditional methods, they also have some disadvantages. Solar PV requires batteries and inverters that increase costs. Wind and hydro power generation can vary depending on environmental conditions. Biomass power requires land and water usage, and emissions are produced during its generation. However, the document concludes that relying on renewable technologies, while addressing their shortcomings, is preferable to continuing traditional energy methods.
Intrduction to Mechanical & Productioech engg ramachandranProf. Mohandas K P
The document provides information about mechanical engineering and production engineering. It discusses the origins and definitions of engineering and describes some of the main subdisciplines. It also outlines the engineering design process and provides examples of what mechanical engineers and production engineers do. Key areas of study for mechanical engineering students are also summarized.
1) The document analyzes a collapsed residential building in Athens, Greece to investigate the causes of collapse and provide strengthening solutions.
2) Finite element analysis revealed that a reduction in stiffness of the ground floor slabs and columns was the main cause of collapse. Vibrations were not adequately absorbed by upper floors.
3) Retrofitting included adding shear walls and connecting slabs to the structure with aluminum rods. New analysis showed the retrofitted building had increased stiffness and better seismic performance, with least displacement at the ground floor.
4) The study provides lessons for developing management models for building collapse response and prevention. Proper distribution of structural stiffness is important to resist seismic loads.
This curriculum vitae summarizes the career and qualifications of Reuben Adebare Adewuyi. He is currently a Senior Mechanical Engineer at the Olusegun Obasanjo Centre for Engineering Innovation at the Federal Polytechnic Ado-Ekiti. He received Master's and Bachelor's degrees in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Ilorin. He has over 15 years of experience in mechanical engineering roles, including design, fabrication, maintenance, and teaching. He has published several journal articles and conference papers and supervised multiple student projects.
The document is a curriculum vitae for Reuben Adebare Adewuyi, a Senior Mechanical Engineer at The Federal Polytechnic Ado-Ekiti in Nigeria. It outlines his educational background which includes a Master's and Bachelor's degree in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Ilorin. It also details his professional experience spanning over 15 years working in mechanical engineering roles with an emphasis on design, fabrication, maintenance and teaching. The CV provides a comprehensive record of Adewuyi's qualifications, publications, areas of research, training and work history in the field of mechanical engineering.
This curriculum vitae summarizes the career and qualifications of Reuben Adebare Adewuyi. He is currently a Senior Mechanical Engineer at the Olusegun Obasanjo Centre for Engineering Innovation at the Federal Polytechnic Ado-Ekiti. He holds a Master's and Bachelor's degree in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Ilorin. He has over 15 years of experience in mechanical engineering roles, including design, fabrication, maintenance, and teaching. He has published several journal articles and conference papers and supervised multiple student projects.
This document provides an overview of engineering history and the various engineering disciplines and functions. It begins with a definition of engineering and describes major developments throughout history from ancient civilizations to modern times. The disciplines of aerospace, agricultural, chemical, civil, computer, electrical, industrial, and mechanical engineering are then introduced. The chapter concludes by discussing the various functions engineers can work in, such as research, development, testing, design, analysis, systems, manufacturing, operations, and maintenance.
IRJET- Study on Causes of Cracks and its Remedial Measures in Reinforced Conc...IRJET Journal
The document discusses cracks in reinforced concrete bridge piers and abutments. It first provides background on the causes of cracking, including applied loads, restraint from volume changes, and drying shrinkage. It then presents a case study of a bridge exhibiting cracks in the abutments and approaches. The cracks are thought to be caused by movement of the abutments due to issues with surrounding soils. The document outlines various remedial measures that could address abutment movement and cracking, such as soil grouting, concrete jacketing, and epoxy injection. It concludes that abutment movement must be addressed to prevent further deterioration of the bridge structure.
GGIS JupiterGrades Communication Tools for High SchoolDoug Janssen
This document provides guidance on using the JupiterGrades LMS to communicate concerns to parents and log student referrals. It recommends using the Message or Referral options and identifying the referral type as academic, discipline, general, or medical. The office tracks referrals using statistical, academic, personal, and partnership approaches to follow up on trends. It also explains how to attach documents, set assignment due dates far in advance, and use discussion forums to communicate with students by creating forums, setting parameters, and monitoring participation.
This document outlines the absentee and late policies for GGIS for the 2017-2018 school year. It discusses the different types of absences (excused, unexcused, explained), policies around missed work, being sick, lateness, and chronic absenteeism. Excused absences include illness, doctor's appointments, and family deaths. Unexcused absences do not meet these criteria and result in no credit for missed work. Explained absences require 3 days notice but are still considered truant. Students are responsible for making up missed work and meeting with teachers after any absence. Chronic absenteeism is defined as missing 10% or more of school days, or more than 17 days, and results in
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Engineering Fundamental 6 August 2020.pptxJagdishannaya
The teacher development program provides resources and modules to support the HSC engineering studies course. This module focuses on engineering fundamentals and includes the history of engineering, descriptions of various engineering disciplines, discussions of common engineering materials, and case studies. Teachers are encouraged to use the provided materials and interact with Engineers Australia to strengthen their understanding of engineering concepts.
Design and Analysis of Wheel Rim Using Finite Element MethodIRJET Journal
1. The document presents a finite element analysis of six different wheel rim designs made of structural steel to determine the optimal design.
2. The analysis found that wheel design 6 had the best performance, with a weight of 27.192 kg, minimal deformation of 0.00703 mm, a safety factor over 15, and lowest equivalent stress of 6.13956 MPa.
3. A key finding was that wheel design 6 emerged as the superior choice based on being the lightest, most rigid, and safest design according to the finite element analysis.
This document summarizes research on optimizing the structural design of composite blades for wind and marine hydrokinetic turbines. The researchers developed computational tools to model the structural mechanics of composite blades and optimize blade designs for energy production while reducing loads. Preliminary results show the tools can identify optimal blade designs and analyze effects of uncertain material properties. Ongoing work includes further validation and tighter coupling of hydrodynamic and structural models to better capture fluid-structure interaction.
This document provides information about a construction technology and maintenance course, including its code, credit units, contact hours, assessment structure, and lesson plan. The course aims to help students understand construction methods, techniques, and equipment used on construction sites. It covers topics like building, infrastructure, and maintenance stages; temporary and permanent works; construction plants; and latest technologies. The lesson plan lists weekly topics, learning outcomes, and lecture hours across 14 weeks. Students will learn about construction processes, equipment selection, and sustainable development techniques. The course assessments include two tests, assignments, a project report, and group presentations.
Manufacturing technology refers to the tools, techniques, and processes used to produce goods efficiently and cost-effectively. The goal is to meet customer requirements while maximizing productivity and profitability. Examples of goods produced using manufacturing technology include consumer products, industrial machinery, automobiles, aerospace products, medical devices, and building materials. Manufacturing plays a crucial role in economies by creating jobs, driving innovation, and supporting other sectors. It contributes significantly to GDP and exports. In India, the diverse manufacturing sector comprises industries like textiles, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, automobiles, and electronics.
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This document outlines the course CHE-20032: Sustainable Chemistry. It discusses the overall aims of investigating modern technological applications and their chemistry and environmental issues. Possible topics for student posters are listed, including lithium ion batteries, lithium air batteries, photovoltaic materials, smart screen materials, solid oxide fuel cells, graphene, and lightweight materials. Brief descriptions of the chemistry of some of these topics are also provided.
The document provides an overview of wind turbine design from an aerodynamic perspective. It discusses that wind turbine design is an interdisciplinary optimization problem that involves choosing parameters like the number of blades, blade radius, twist distribution, airfoils, and RPM based on considerations of cost, noise, fatigue, and other factors. It also reviews existing wind turbine concepts and references on rotor design studies to help inform the design process.
This document summarizes a project report on the design and implementation of a land-based wind turbine. It examines various design alternatives and performs a cost analysis of the chosen design. The report was submitted by three students to fulfill the requirements for a Bachelor of Science degree. It considers economic, environmental, sustainability, constructability, ethical, health and safety, and social/political constraints as required by ABET for a capstone design experience.
The document discusses renewable energy technologies as alternatives to avoid catastrophic climate change. It outlines several renewable technologies including solar PV, wind power, hydro power, and biomass power. While these technologies have long term benefits over traditional methods, they also have some disadvantages. Solar PV requires batteries and inverters that increase costs. Wind and hydro power generation can vary depending on environmental conditions. Biomass power requires land and water usage, and emissions are produced during its generation. However, the document concludes that relying on renewable technologies, while addressing their shortcomings, is preferable to continuing traditional energy methods.
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The document provides information about mechanical engineering and production engineering. It discusses the origins and definitions of engineering and describes some of the main subdisciplines. It also outlines the engineering design process and provides examples of what mechanical engineers and production engineers do. Key areas of study for mechanical engineering students are also summarized.
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Building the Analysis Models: Requirement Analysis, Analysis Model Approaches, Data modeling Concepts, Object Oriented Analysis, Scenario-Based Modeling, Flow-Oriented Modeling, class Based Modeling, Creating a Behavioral Model.
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
2. Introduction to Engineering
1. Introduction: An Engineering Challenge
2. Four Basic Types of Engineering
a. Chemical / Biological
b. Civil
c. Electrical
d. Mechanical
3. Review
Image: LIFE Magazine
4. Objectives Review
Objectives
1. Define or match definitions with each of the major engineering disciplines
highlighted in this presentation
2. Explain how the engineering disciplines can complement one another
3. Identify and define key vocabulary terms used throughout this presentation
4. Be able to correctly explain:
a. Specific ways machines can help people in their daily lives
b. What mechanical advantage is
c. How to calculate efficiency
5. Physics can enable engineering innovation
O'Kane, S. (2015, June 25). This is the skatepark Lexus built for its real hoverboard | The Verge. Retrieved from http://www.theverge.com/tldr/2015/6/25/8846785/lexus-
hoverboard-skatepark-its-real-not-a-drill
An Engineering Challenge
6. Physics can enable engineering innovation
O'Kane, S. (2015, June 25). This is the skatepark Lexus built for its real hoverboard | The Verge. Retrieved from http://www.theverge.com/tldr/2015/6/25/8846785/lexus-
hoverboard-skatepark-its-real-not-a-drill
O'Kane, S. (2015, June 25). This is the skatepark Lexus built for its real hoverboard | The Verge. Retrieved from http://www.theverge.com/tldr/2015/6/25/8846785/lexus-
hoverboard-skatepark-its-real-not-a-drill
7. Lexus International. (2015, August 4). The Lexus Hoverboard: It's here [Video file]. Retrieved from https://youtu.be/ZwSwZ2Y0Ops
8. Lexus International. (2015, August 4). The Lexus Hoverboard: It's here [Video file]. Retrieved from https://youtu.be/ZwSwZ2Y0Ops
9. Lexus International. (2015, August 4). The Lexus Hoverboard: It's here [Video file]. Retrieved from https://youtu.be/ZwSwZ2Y0Ops
11. Types of Engineering:
Chemical Engineering:
● Materials
● Biochemical / Biomolecular
● Chemical industry / processes
● Biomedical
● Nuclear
● Petroleum
https://engineering.unl.edu/chme/chme-student-employment/
12. Types of Engineering:
Chemical Engineering:
● Materials
● Biochemical / Biomolecular
● Chemical industry / processes
● Biomedical
● Nuclear
● Petroleum
Stephanie Kwolek, inventor of (bullet resistant) Kevlar
http://invention.si.edu/recognize-unusual/p/429-stephanie-kwolek-kevlar-inventor
13. Types of Engineering:
Civil Engineering:
● Structural
● Transport / Infrastructure
● Mining
● Geothermal / Geotechnical
● Water systems
● Environmental
● Agricultural
http://mceer.buffalo.edu/research/Reconnaissance/Katrina8-28-
05/02Baldwin_County/
14. Types of Engineering:
Civil Engineering:
● Structural
● Transport / Infrastructure
● Mining
● Geothermal / Geotechnical
● Water systems
● Environmental
● Agricultural Guangzhou Opera House (with Pizza Hut)
http://sites.psu.edu/friday/guangzhou/
15. Types of Engineering:
Weather, Water, and
Earth Systems are key
considerations for Civil
Engineers.
Hurricane Katrina
(2005) is a good
example of how
weather affects
engineered structures. New Orleans Superdome Damage, 2005
Extreme Events Institute - Florida International University
16. Types of Engineering:
Weather, Water, and
Earth Systems are key
considerations for Civil
Engineers.
Hurricane Katrina
(2005) is a good
example of how
weather affects
engineered structures. Hotel Wind / Rain Damage, 2005
Extreme Events Institute - Florida International University
17. Types of Engineering:
Weather, Water, and
Earth Systems are key
considerations for Civil
Engineers.
Hurricane Katrina
(2005) is a good
example of how
weather affects
engineered structures. New Orleans Flooding Damage, 2005
Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA
18. Types of Engineering:
Weather, Water, and
Earth Systems are key
considerations for Civil
Engineers.
Hurricane Katrina
(2005) is a good
example of how
weather affects
engineered structures. New Orleans Flooding Damage, 2005
USNews and World Report
19. Types of Engineering:
Weather, Water, and
Earth Systems are key
considerations for Civil
Engineers.
Hurricane Katrina
(2005) is a good
example of how
weather affects
engineered structures.
Katrina Wind Damage, 2005
Washington Post
20. Types of Engineering:
Weather, Water, and
Earth Systems are key
considerations for Civil
Engineers.
Hurricane Katrina
(2005) is a good
example of how
weather affects
engineered structures. Path of Hurricane Katrina, 2005
NOAA / CIMSS
21. Types of Engineering:
Weather, Water, and
Earth Systems are key
considerations for Civil
Engineers.
Hurricane Katrina
(2005) is a good
example of how
weather affects
engineered structures.
Hurricane Katrina, 2005
http://jrscience.wcp.muohio.edu/coriolis/katrina/08_28_1410_ani.gif
22. Engineers Collaborate
Consider that weather satellites
depend on the work of:
● optical scientists (mirrors,
lenses, cameras)
● materials engineers (detectors,
solar panels, coatings, etc.)
● mechanical engineers (building
satellite, etc.)
● civil engineers (launching
payload, transport, etc.)
● chemical engineers (lens
coatings, propellant, etc.)
and more! NASA GOES-O Satellite Launch
June 27, 2009
Photo: NASA/Jack Pfaller
https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/GOES-O/multimedia/09-06-27-3.html
23. Engineers Collaborate
Engineers of all sorts
work together.
Consider these toxic
waste related events.
Toxic Waste Spill, Colorado, USA, 2015
WestWord
24. Types of Engineering:
Engineers of all sorts
work together.
Consider these toxic
waste related events.
Toxic “Red Sludge”, Ajka, Hungary, 2010
RT News
25. Engineers Collaborate
In 2010, an outdoor
chemical storage
facility containment
pond was breached,
spilling toxic waste in
the town of Ajka,
Hungary.
What functions might
engineers serve to
resolve this disaster?
Toxic “Red Sludge”, Ajka, Hungary, 2010
WestWord
26. Engineers Collaborate
What types of
engineers would be
involved in rebuilding
the wall of the
containment pond?
Chemical clean-up?
Building new
infrastructure?
Toxic “Red Sludge”, Ajka, Hungary, 2010
NBCNews
27. Engineers Collaborate
Do you think the Ajka,
Hungary disaster could
have been averted by
better engineering
practices? If so, how?
Toxic “Red Sludge”, Ajka, Hungary, 2010
RT News
29. Engineering Impact
Do you think engineering
can make both positive
and negative impacts on
the world?
Who do you think should
be consulted before
engineers begin a project
near a lake? Why? Mystery fish kill, Mexico, 2017
Vocativ
30. Engineering Impact
Consider how
engineering could
positively impact people
and communities
experiencing tragedies
and hardship.
Community devastated by Tsunami in Japan, 2011
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
31. Oklahoma City Tornado, 2014
https://www.manufacturing.net/article/2014/01/lessons-learned-when-disaster-strikes-chemical-plant
Engineering Impact
Consider how
engineering could
positively impact people
and communities
experiencing tragedies
and hardship.
33. Engineering Impact
Make a list of
engineering disciplines
that would be involved
in working together
during the rebuilding
process, after a natural
disaster such as the
2011 Tornado in Joplin,
Missouri.
Joplin Tornado, 2011
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1390530/Joplin-MO-tornado-Before-photos-complete-devastation.html
34. Structural
Image: LIFE Magazine
Structural engineers take architectural visions
and make them a reality.
Structural engineers ensure buildings:
● Are wind shear resistant
● Able to stand
○ Topple resistant (falling over)
○ Crumble resistant (falling down)
● Support weight loads
● Are durable / long-lasting
● Useable for people
● Withstand temperature changes, etc...
Paper building
models help us
consider some
design challenges.
Types of Engineering:
35. Types of Engineering:
Mechanical
Image: OMEGA watches / tested.com
Mechanical engineers design
things like:
● Cars
● Limb replacements
● All sorts of machines
● Automobile engines
● Cranes
● Watches
● Household items
● Tools
● Drones
● Robots
● Industrial automation
● Mobile phone components
etc...
36. 3. Types of Engineering:
Mechanical
Image: OMEGA watches / tested.com
Research and Explain:
1. Mechanical advantage
2. Use of various simple
machines
a. Levers
b. Pulleys
c. Wheels
d. Wedge
e. Screw
3. Efficiency
37. Types of Engineering:
Civil
TRAM Image: LIFE Magazine
Civil engineers plan big public projects such
as road, bridge, and dam construction.
HOOVER DAM Image: wikimedia.org
39. 5. Types of Engineering:
Computer & Electrical
Image: Ramapo College of New Jersey
Image: Semiconductor Wafer Processing
40. Types of Engineering:
Computer & Electrical
Image: Ramapo College of New Jersey
Image: Oscilloscope
Electrical Engineers can be involved in
designing communication systems.
According to Johnson (2016), one key
challenge is to…
1. “represent all forms of information with
electrical signals,
2. “encode information as voltages,
currents, and electromagnetic waves,
3. “manipulate information-bearing electric
signals with circuits and computers, and
4. “receive electric signals and convert the
information expressed by electric signals
back into a useful form”
(Johnson, 2016)
Johnson, D. H. (2016). Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering I. Houston, TX: Rice
University.
41. Types of Engineering:
Computer & Electrical
Consider:
What kind of research can be performed at
the interface of computer and electrical
engineering and biological sciences?
52. Considerations for Materials Designs:
1. Durability
a. Resistance to
environmental
challenges like weather,
sunlight, animals, plants,
bacteria, etc.
b. Ability to stay reliable
under physical strain
and stress
c. Durability can reduce
chance of human injury Carbon Fiber Wheelchair
http://adi.stealthproducts.com
53. Review
1. Force:
a. Push or pull
b. Force causes acceleration of
mass
c. F = ma
d. Unit = Newton (N)
e. 1 N = 1 kg x m/s2
An _____________________ engineer would need to
consider the types of forces experienced by this
airplane and its pilot.
54. Review
2. Machine:
a. Multiple forces
b. Change direction of forces
c. NEVER multiply energy
d. Used for some mechanical
advantage
e. We often sacrifice distance of
applied force when making a
job easier (pulleys are a good
example of this)
f. Types of machines:
Lever, pulley, wedge, inclined
plane, wheel
55. Review
2. Machine:
a. Multiple forces
b. Change direction of forces
c. NEVER multiply energy
d. Used for some mechanical
advantage
e. We often sacrifice distance of
applied force when making a
job easier (pulleys are a good
example of this)
f. Types of machines:
Lever, pulley, wedge,
inclined plane, wheel
Know the 3 classes of levers
from page 112
56. Review
3. Key terms:
a. Efficiency
i. Actual vs. theoretical MA
ii. Mathematical expression
iii. Factors that affect efficiency
b. Mechanical advantage
Will work output ever exceed
work input? Explain...
57. Review
4. Engineering:
Know basic roles of all 8 types we
discussed in class.
Be ready to explain how roles might
overlap or complement one another.
58. Objectives Review
Objectives
1. Define or match definitions with each of the major engineering disciplines
highlighted in this presentation
2. Explain how the engineering disciplines can complement one another
3. Identify and define key vocabulary terms used throughout this presentation
4. Be able to correctly explain:
a. Specific ways machines can help people in their daily lives
b. What mechanical advantage is
c. How to calculate efficiency