This document provides an overview of the topics to be covered in a Social Studies III review class, including definitions of history, geography, human evolution and races. It also summarizes the key civilizations that developed in Mesopotamia, Egypt, and other ancient regions like Phoenicia, Israel, Persia and more. The summaries include the major rulers, belief systems, advances, and important developments of each civilization.

1. Social Studies III Review Class
1st Grading Period
Prepared by: Kenno Jan M. Caballero

2. History
• Definition: Past, Present, and Future
• “His Story”
• Chronological
• Written
• Political, Economic, and Cultural
• Division of History
– Before Christ and Anno Domini
– Ancient, Medieval, and Modern

3. Geography
• Relationship between people and
environment
• Geography Hall of Fame
• Longitudes and Latitudes
– Prime Meridian
– Equator
– Tropic of Cancer - Tropic of Capricorn
– Artic and Antarctic Circles
– 23.5 degrees

4. Ascent of Man
• Creation – Bible – Genesis. Designed and
Purposed by God
• Evolution – On Origin of Species by Charles
Darwin – Fate/Chance/Accident
– Hominid -Human-like Ape
– Homo Habilis -”Handy Man”
– Homo Erectus -”Upright Man”
– Homo Sapien -”Wise Man”

5. Races of Humans
Mongoloid Negroid Australoid Caucasoid

6. Old Stone – Paleolithic • Languages – Mother
tongues
– Example: Malayo-
Polynesian,
New Stone - Neolithic Teutonic, Latin,
etc.
Written Languages
- Cuneiform
Age of Metals
“Wedge Writings
- Hieroglyphics
“Sacred writings”

7. ELEMENTS OF CIVILIZATION
• AGRICULTURE
• ECONOMY
• GOVERNMENT
• RELIGION
• WRITTEN LANGUAGE

8. Mesopotamia
• “Land between two rivers” – Tigris and
Euphrates
• Cradle of Civilization
• River-Valley
– Water
– Food
– Transportation/Trading
– Protection

9. Sumerians Akkadians Babylonians
• “Builder of • First World • Hammurabi –
Civilization” Empire Law-Giver of
• City-States – Ur, Babylonia
Uruk, Nippur, • Sargon I • Polytheism
Lagash • Belief in the
• Cuneiform afterlife
• Plow • Epic of
• Wheel Gilgamesh
• Copper • Ziggurats
• Copper + Tin = • Sexagesimal
Bronze Counting
• First Law Codes system
• Astronomy and
Astrology

10. Assyrians Chaldeans
• Advance in Warfare • “Neo – Babylonians”
• Tiglath Pileser I - or Second
Founder Babylonian empire
• Tiglath Pileser III - • Nabopolossar
Greatest • Nebuchadnezzar –
• Sennacherib Hanging Garden
• Ashurbanipal –
Oldest Library

11. Other Ancient Nations
Jews Phoenicians Hittites Persians
• Palestine/Israel • Phoenicia – • Asia Minor – • Persia –Iran
• Torah Lebanon Turkey • Cyrus –
• Bible – O.T and • Phoenix – • Bijustis – 1st Founder
N.T Purple-dye King • Darius
• Monotheism • Xerxes – Esther
• “Carriers of • Horse-drawn
• Saul – 1 st King • Artaxerxes
Civilization” chariots
• David • Darius III – Last
• Solomon – • Trading • Iron • Court Etiquette
Temple in empire • Postal Service
Jerusalem • Alphabet • Satrapies-
• Modern Satrap
Banking and • Zoroastrianism
Finance – Zoroaster;
• Great men and Zend-Avesta
women

12. Egypt, Gift of the Nile
• Herodotus – Father of History
• Geography:
– North: Mediterranean Sea
– South: Nubian Desert
– East: Red Sea
– West: Libyan Desert
– Lower Egypt - North
– Upper Egypt – South
– Nile Delta

13. • Nomes –Nomarchs
• Old Kingdom/ Pyramid Age
• Menes – First Pharaoh
• Middle Kingdom/ Feudal Age
• Amenemhet III – Greatest Monarch of the Middle
Kingdom
• Hyksos Domination
• Ahmose I – Rebelled against the Hyksos
• New Kingdom/ Empire Age
• Queen Hatshepsut – First Woman leader in World
History
• Thutmose III – Egyptian Empire

14. • Amenhotep IV – Monotheism in Egypt
• Akhenaton – “One pleasing to Aton”
• Tutankhamen
• Rameses II – Exodus of the Hebrews
• Assyrians
• Chaldeans
• Persians
• Greeks – Alexander the Great
• Ptolemy Soter
• Age of Ptolemies
• Romans

15. • Religion: Polytheistic – Amon(Ra), Osiris, Isis
• Belief in the afterlife – reward and punishment
• Hieroglyphics - Papyrus
• Pulley and Inclined Plane
• Literature: Pyramid Text, Book of the Dead, Hymn
to the Sun
• Rosetta Stone – Jean Champollion
• Architecture: Pyramid and Obelisk
• 365 day calendar, Sundial, waterclock
• Geometry
• Ahmes Papyrus – Oldest Mathematical Treatise
• Smith Papyrus – Oldest Medical Record (Surgery)