Social security aims to protect workers and their families from economic distress caused by sickness, maternity, disability, unemployment, old age and death. India has various social security schemes for both organized and unorganized sector workers run by the central and state governments. However, only a small portion of Indian workers are covered under these schemes. There are problems like lack of universal social security, poor social governance, and exclusion of large sections of informal workers. Expanding coverage and ensuring inclusive, participatory schemes is needed to achieve social security for all.

1. “Social security program represents
our commitment as a society
to the belief that
workers should not live in dread that
a disability, death or old age
could leave them or their families destitute”
Emmy E Carter, 1977

2. Social Security in India
Gayathri R Iyyer
Puvitha Raju

3. Protection Provided by
the society
Through series of
public measure
Against Social and Economic Distress
• Sickness
• Maternity
• Injury or Disablement
• Unemployment
• Old age
• Death
Social
Security

4. First country to introduce Social Security
1883

5. Joint
Families
Caste
System
Self Sufficient
Village Economy
How did it all start?

6. The Directive Principles of State Policy
Article 41
Right to work
Right to Education
Right to Public
Assistance
Article 42
Just and Humane
conditions of work
Maternity relief

7. Workmen’s
Compensation
Act
Trade Unions
Act
Payment of
Wages Act
The Factories
Act
The
Employees’
State
Insurance Act
1923
1926
1936
1948
1948

8. Minimum
Wages Act
Employees’
Provident Fund
and Misc.
Provisions Act
Maternity
Benefit Act
Apprentices
Act
Payment of
Bonus Act
1948
1952
1961
1961
1965

9. Contract
Labour(Regulation
and Abolition) Act
Payment of
Gratuity Act
Equal
Remuneration Act
Child
Labour(Prohibition
and Regulation) Act
Sexual Harassment
at
Workplace(Preventi
on, Prohibition and
Regulation) Act
1970
1972
1976
1986
2013

10. Central Government
Healthcare Scheme
To Central Govt. employees and
dependents
Dispensaries, Hospitals, Poly clinics
National Old age Pension
Scheme
65+ years of age
Widows are entitled to a pension for
one year
Physically Challenged above 45 years
are entitled to pension along with
education, lodging and boarding
facilities

11. Social Insurance Schemes
Pradan Mantri
Jeevan Bima
Yojana
• Premium Rs.330/- Year
• Coverage: Rs.200000/-
• Age group : 18-50 years
Pradhan Mantri
Suraksha Bima
Yojana
• Accident cum Death Insurance
• Coverage: Rs.200000/-
• Premium: Rs.12/- year
Atal Pension
Yojana
• Workers in unorganized sector
• Age group: 18-40
• Govt. to contribute 50% of total contribution or
Rs.1000/- for the first five years

12. 32
14
Workers in Unorganized Sector
(In Crores)
Men Women

13. Unorganized Sector Workers’ Social Security Act, 2008

14. Health and Maternity
Provident Fund
Employment Injury Benefit
Housing
Educational Schemes for children
Skill Upgradation of workers
Funeral Assistance
Old age homes

15. National Social Security Board for
Unorganized Workers
Term: 3Years
Union Minister for Labour and
Employment
(Chairman, ex officio)
The Director General (Labour
Welfare)
[Member Secretary, ex officio)
34 members to be nominated by
the Central Govt.
• 7 representing unorganized sector workers
• 7 representing employers of unorganized
sector
• 7 representing eminent persons from civil
society
• 2 Lok Sabha members
• 1 Rajya Sabha member
• 5 representatives from Central Ministries
• 5 representatives from State Ministries

16. F
U
N
C
T
I
O
N
S
Recommend to the Central Govt. on suitable schemes
for different sections of unorganized workers
Advise the Central Government for the administration
of this act
Monitor Social Welfare Schemes for unorganized
workers
Review the progress of registration and issue of
identity cards to the unorganized workers
Review the expenditure from the funds under various
schemes

17. State Social Security Board for
Unorganized Workers
Term: 3Years
Minister for Labour and
Employment
(Chairman, ex officio)
The Principal Secretary or
Secretary(Labour)
[Member Secretary, ex officio)
28 members to be nominated by
the State Govt.
• 7 representing unorganized sector
workers
• 7 representing employers of
unorganized sector
• 5 representing eminent persons from
civil society
• 2 Members of the Legislative Assembly
• 7 representatives from State Govt.
Departments Concerned

18. Every unorganized
worker is eligible for
registration under the
act
He/she is above 14
years of age
The registered
workers shall be given
an identity card by the
District
Administration
carrying a unique
identification number
Registration

19. Indira Gandhi
National Old Age
Pension Scheme
• 65+ years of age
• Widows are entitled to a pension for one year
• Physically Challenged above 45 years are entitled to pension
along with education, lodging and boarding facilities
National Family
Benefit Scheme
• Fully sponsored by Central Govt.
• Lump sum benefit for households below the poverty line
• Rs.10000 in case of death of primary breadwinner
Janani Suraksha
Yojana
• Reduce Maternal and Infant Mortality Rate
• 100% Centrally Sponsored Scheme
Handloom Weavers’
Comprehensive
Welfare Scheme
• Sponsored by both Central Govt. and State Govt.
• Health Insurance Scheme
Handicraft Artisans’
Comprehensive
Welfare Scheme
• All artisans below 80 years of age
• Health care benefits
• Self and Dependents

20. Pension to Master Crafts
persons
• Above 60 years of age
• In receipt of National Awards, National merit certificates or State Award
National Scheme for
Welfare of Fishermen and
Training and Extension
• Centrally sponsored
• Housing, Drinking water, community hall, etc. for fishers
• Improve Living Standards
• Skill Development
Janshree Bima Yojana
• Life Insurance Protection to the rural and urban workers below poverty
line
• Aged between 18-59
• Covers 45 occupational groups
• Coverage: Rs.30000 for natural deathand Rs.75000 for accidental or fatal
death
Aam Admi Bima Yojana
• Head of the family, one earning member
• Income falling below or marginally above poverty line
Rashtriya Swasthya Bima
Yojana
• Cashless Insurance for hospitalization in public as well as private hospitals
• Family holding a yellow ration card to pay Rs.30 towards registration for
biometric enabled smart cards
• Medical care up to Rs.30000 per year

21. Problems
of Social
Security
Lack of Universal
Social Security
Systems
Assumption:
Homogeneity
among workers
Unorganized sector
is heterogeneous
• Social security
• Ability to contribute
• Membership and
Participation
Poor Social
Governance
Lack of Inclusive,
Participatory,
Transparent and
Effective schemes

22. 13%
87%
Workers in India
Covered unders Social Security Not covered under social security schemes
19.5
21
Workers covered under social
security(in million)
Govt. and public sector workers Private Sector

23. India spends around 1.4% of
its GDP for Social Security
Only a few unorganized
workers are covered under
statutory schemes
Lack of effective system for
collection and management
of contribution
Inefficiency in establishing an
employer-employee
relationship for most of the
informal occupations
Statutes exclude
• Those working outside the
scheduled industries and
establishments
• Smaller enterprises
• Self employed (54% of the
workforce)
Lack of awareness and unity
among informal sector
workers to enforce laws

24. “We must begin by insuring that
the social security system is beyond challenge.
It is a vital obligation each generation has
to those who have worked hard
and contributed to it all their lives”
Gerald R Ford,1976

25. Heartfelt Gratitude
to
Mr.Narasimha Kannan
Mr. Kumaralingam
and other members of NIPM for the opportunity
Dr.Vidhya Srinivasan, Dean, Dept. of HRM
Dr.V. Sayee Kumar, HOD of HRM
Prof. Narendran , Dept. of HRM
and other faculty members for their support and guidance

26. Social Security in India