The document discusses social security for informal sector workers in India. It outlines various social security acts passed since 1923 to protect workers. However, only 8% of workers benefit as the acts only apply to clear employer-employee relationships and most workers are self-employed with no bargaining power. The National Commission for Enterprises in the Unorganized Sector was established in 2004 to address issues. The government has also implemented various schemes but a comprehensive act with provisions for food, health, housing, employment and old age is still needed to adequately address the needs of informal workers.
Taking Occupational Health to the Unorganized Sector- Challenges and Opportun...Dr Rajiv Kumar Jain
Occupational Health and Safety cover for the unorganized sector can well be said as nonexistent.
Of the total employed population in the country during 2007 about 17 per cent was in the organized sector and 83 per cent is in the unorganized sector.
As per the International Labour Organisation (ILO) estimates, nearly 2 lakh workers die annually and about 1200 lakh are injured. Nearly 50 percent of these deaths and injuries occur in developing countries.
As far as occupational diseases are concerned, the absence of any national level statistics is partially compensated with independent studies reporting existence of many occupational diseases.
The overwhelming target population to be covered in the unorganised sector for the improvement of the safety and health status is a Herculean task to be achieved in a vast country like India. special cell with executive power attached to a government department in the Ministry need to be formed and this could be part of the proposed National Board of Occupational Safety and Health. In fact, the Board will be formed under a Government Legislation on Occupational Safety and Health (Safety and Health at Work Act), which the government is proposing to enact. This Board will be an apex body at national level to deal with matters connected with OSH issues of workers in all
sectors or economy and will assist the Government of India in the implementation of the National Policy on Occupational Safety and Health.
'Social Security'
First Known Use of SOCIAL SECURITY
1908
A United States federal program of social insurance and benefits developed in 1935. The Social Security program's benefits include retirement income, disability income, Medicare and Medicaid, and death and survivorship benefits. Social Security is one of the largest government programs in the world, paying out hundreds of billions of dollars per year.
Based on the year someone was born, retirement benefits may begin as early as age 62 and as late as age 67. The amount of income received is based on the average wages earned over the worker's lifetime, with a maximum calculable amount of $102,000 as of 2008. Spouses are also eligible to receive Social Security benefits, even if they have limited or non-existent work histories.
social security
noun
: a program in which the government provides money to people who are unable to work because they are old, disabled, or unemployed
: a program in the U.S. that requires workers to make regular payments to a government fund which is used to make payments to people who are unable to work because they are old, disabled, or retired
: money that is paid out through a social security program
Full Definition of SOCIAL SECURITY
1
: the principle or practice or a program of public provision (as through social insurance or assistance) for the economic security and social welfare of the individual and his or her family; especially capitalized both Ss : a United States government program established in 1935 to include old-age and survivors insurance, contributions to state unemployment insurance, and old-age assistance
2
: money paid out through a social security program <began>
See social security defined for English-language learners »
See social security defined for kids »
Examples of SOCIAL SECURITY
1. She is living on social security.
2. He began collecting Social Security checks.
Taking Occupational Health to the Unorganized Sector- Challenges and Opportun...Dr Rajiv Kumar Jain
Occupational Health and Safety cover for the unorganized sector can well be said as nonexistent.
Of the total employed population in the country during 2007 about 17 per cent was in the organized sector and 83 per cent is in the unorganized sector.
As per the International Labour Organisation (ILO) estimates, nearly 2 lakh workers die annually and about 1200 lakh are injured. Nearly 50 percent of these deaths and injuries occur in developing countries.
As far as occupational diseases are concerned, the absence of any national level statistics is partially compensated with independent studies reporting existence of many occupational diseases.
The overwhelming target population to be covered in the unorganised sector for the improvement of the safety and health status is a Herculean task to be achieved in a vast country like India. special cell with executive power attached to a government department in the Ministry need to be formed and this could be part of the proposed National Board of Occupational Safety and Health. In fact, the Board will be formed under a Government Legislation on Occupational Safety and Health (Safety and Health at Work Act), which the government is proposing to enact. This Board will be an apex body at national level to deal with matters connected with OSH issues of workers in all
sectors or economy and will assist the Government of India in the implementation of the National Policy on Occupational Safety and Health.
'Social Security'
First Known Use of SOCIAL SECURITY
1908
A United States federal program of social insurance and benefits developed in 1935. The Social Security program's benefits include retirement income, disability income, Medicare and Medicaid, and death and survivorship benefits. Social Security is one of the largest government programs in the world, paying out hundreds of billions of dollars per year.
Based on the year someone was born, retirement benefits may begin as early as age 62 and as late as age 67. The amount of income received is based on the average wages earned over the worker's lifetime, with a maximum calculable amount of $102,000 as of 2008. Spouses are also eligible to receive Social Security benefits, even if they have limited or non-existent work histories.
social security
noun
: a program in which the government provides money to people who are unable to work because they are old, disabled, or unemployed
: a program in the U.S. that requires workers to make regular payments to a government fund which is used to make payments to people who are unable to work because they are old, disabled, or retired
: money that is paid out through a social security program
Full Definition of SOCIAL SECURITY
1
: the principle or practice or a program of public provision (as through social insurance or assistance) for the economic security and social welfare of the individual and his or her family; especially capitalized both Ss : a United States government program established in 1935 to include old-age and survivors insurance, contributions to state unemployment insurance, and old-age assistance
2
: money paid out through a social security program <began>
See social security defined for English-language learners »
See social security defined for kids »
Examples of SOCIAL SECURITY
1. She is living on social security.
2. He began collecting Social Security checks.
Social Security Measures & Welfare State: A brief overviewNilesh Lahoty
This slide deck explores the basics of the concept of Social Security & Welfare State, complex web of welfare schemes in India & few comparisons with other countries.
This presentation was made for the course "Public Finance: Theory & Policies" (ECON F34) taught at BITS Pilani.
Why We Need of Social Security
Most of the rural and informal sector workers in the world do not have any social security measures.
In India almost 90% of families earn their livelihood from the unorganized sector.
Needs that necessitates social security :
Physical risks: Sickness, old age, maternity, accidents, death.
Economic risks : Unemployment
Economic burden of larger family
Social Security scheme for Women and Old age PeopleVivek Varat
Social security may also refer to the action programs of government intended to promote the welfare of the population through assistance measures guaranteeing access to The loss of support suffered by a widow or child as the result of the death of the breadwinner (survivor’s benefit);
Responsibility for the maintenance of children (family benefit);
The treatment of any morbid condition (including pregnancy), whatever its cause (medical care);
A suspension of earnings due to pregnancy and confinement and their consequences (maternity benefit);
A suspension of earnings due to an inability to obtain suitable employment for protected persons who are capable of, and available for, work (unemployment benefits);
A suspension of earnings due to an incapacity for work resulting from a morbid condition (sickness leave benefit);
A permanent or persistent inability to engage in any gainful activity (disability benefits);
The costs and losses involved in medical care, sickness leave, invalidity and death of the breadwinner due to an occupational accident or disease (employment injuries).
People who cannot reach a guaranteed social minimum for other reasons may be eligible for social assistance (or welfare, in American English).
Modern authors often consider the ILO approach too narrow. In their view, social security is not limited to the provision of cash transfers, but also aims at security of work, health, and social participation; and new social risks (single parenthood, the reconciliation of work and family life) should be included in the list as well.
Social Security Measures & Welfare State: A brief overviewNilesh Lahoty
This slide deck explores the basics of the concept of Social Security & Welfare State, complex web of welfare schemes in India & few comparisons with other countries.
This presentation was made for the course "Public Finance: Theory & Policies" (ECON F34) taught at BITS Pilani.
Why We Need of Social Security
Most of the rural and informal sector workers in the world do not have any social security measures.
In India almost 90% of families earn their livelihood from the unorganized sector.
Needs that necessitates social security :
Physical risks: Sickness, old age, maternity, accidents, death.
Economic risks : Unemployment
Economic burden of larger family
Social Security scheme for Women and Old age PeopleVivek Varat
Social security may also refer to the action programs of government intended to promote the welfare of the population through assistance measures guaranteeing access to The loss of support suffered by a widow or child as the result of the death of the breadwinner (survivor’s benefit);
Responsibility for the maintenance of children (family benefit);
The treatment of any morbid condition (including pregnancy), whatever its cause (medical care);
A suspension of earnings due to pregnancy and confinement and their consequences (maternity benefit);
A suspension of earnings due to an inability to obtain suitable employment for protected persons who are capable of, and available for, work (unemployment benefits);
A suspension of earnings due to an incapacity for work resulting from a morbid condition (sickness leave benefit);
A permanent or persistent inability to engage in any gainful activity (disability benefits);
The costs and losses involved in medical care, sickness leave, invalidity and death of the breadwinner due to an occupational accident or disease (employment injuries).
People who cannot reach a guaranteed social minimum for other reasons may be eligible for social assistance (or welfare, in American English).
Modern authors often consider the ILO approach too narrow. In their view, social security is not limited to the provision of cash transfers, but also aims at security of work, health, and social participation; and new social risks (single parenthood, the reconciliation of work and family life) should be included in the list as well.
The Factories Act 1948 was an Act of Parliament passed in the United Kingdom by the Labour government of Clement Attlee. It was passed with the intention of safeguarding the health of workers. It extended the age limits for the medical examination of persons entering factory employment, while also including male workers in the regulations for providing seats and issuing extensive new building regulations.[
Concept of Social Justice, Working conditions in Organised and
Unorganised sectors; Origin and growth of concept of Labour
Welfare; Scope of Labour Welfare within and outside Factory
premises; Theories of Labour Welfare; Role of Government,
employers and worker trade union vis-a-vis Labour Welfare; Role of Labour Welfare Officer.
Economic welfare is the level of prosperity and standard of living of either an individual or a group of persons. In the field of economics, it specifically refers to utility gained through the achievement of material goods and services.
role of women and girls in various terror groupssadiakorobi2
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हम आग्रह करते हैं कि जो भी सत्ता में आए, वह संविधान का पालन करे, उसकी रक्षा करे और उसे बनाए रखे।" प्रस्ताव में कुल तीन प्रमुख हस्तक्षेप और उनके तंत्र भी प्रस्तुत किए गए। पहला हस्तक्षेप स्वतंत्र मीडिया को प्रोत्साहित करके, वास्तविकता पर आधारित काउंटर नैरेटिव का निर्माण करके और सत्तारूढ़ सरकार द्वारा नियोजित मनोवैज्ञानिक हेरफेर की रणनीति का मुकाबला करके लोगों द्वारा निर्धारित कथा को बनाए रखना और उस पर कार्यकरना था।
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Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
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Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
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Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
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ys jagan mohan reddy political career, Biography.pdfVoterMood
Yeduguri Sandinti Jagan Mohan Reddy, often referred to as Y.S. Jagan Mohan Reddy, is an Indian politician who currently serves as the Chief Minister of the state of Andhra Pradesh. He was born on December 21, 1972, in Pulivendula, Andhra Pradesh, to Yeduguri Sandinti Rajasekhara Reddy (popularly known as YSR), a former Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh, and Y.S. Vijayamma.
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Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
Welcome to the new Mizzima Weekly !
Mizzima Media Group is pleased to announce the relaunch of Mizzima Weekly. Mizzima is dedicated to helping our readers and viewers keep up to date on the latest developments in Myanmar and related to Myanmar by offering analysis and insight into the subjects that matter. Our websites and our social media channels provide readers and viewers with up-to-the-minute and up-to-date news, which we don’t necessarily need to replicate in our Mizzima Weekly magazine. But where we see a gap is in providing more analysis, insight and in-depth coverage of Myanmar, that is of particular interest to a range of readers.
In a May 9, 2024 paper, Juri Opitz from the University of Zurich, along with Shira Wein and Nathan Schneider form Georgetown University, discussed the importance of linguistic expertise in natural language processing (NLP) in an era dominated by large language models (LLMs).
The authors explained that while machine translation (MT) previously relied heavily on linguists, the landscape has shifted. “Linguistics is no longer front and center in the way we build NLP systems,” they said. With the emergence of LLMs, which can generate fluent text without the need for specialized modules to handle grammar or semantic coherence, the need for linguistic expertise in NLP is being questioned.
‘वोटर्स विल मस्ट प्रीवेल’ (मतदाताओं को जीतना होगा) अभियान द्वारा जारी हेल्पलाइन नंबर, 4 जून को सुबह 7 बजे से दोपहर 12 बजे तक मतगणना प्रक्रिया में कहीं भी किसी भी तरह के उल्लंघन की रिपोर्ट करने के लिए खुला रहेगा।
2. -Sir Willium Beveris
"Social security means the attach on five demons- necessity, illness, ignorance,
pollution and unemployment.”
"It is the security which society by proper organization provides against
certain risks by which their members are victimized."
-International Labour Organisation
Hence, social security signifies protection of man from
possible dangers like illness, pollution, ignorance, which low
income persons, cannot compete. This word signifies vast
meaning and includes all works of human welfare.
3. • Workmen’s Compensation Act (1923),
• The industrial disputes act (1947),
• The employees state insurance act (1948),
• The minimum wages act (1948),
• The coal mines provident funds and miscellaneous provisions
act (1948),
• The employees provident fund and miscellaneous provisions act
(1952),
• The maternity benefit act (1961),
• The seamen’s provident fund act (1966),
• The contract labour act (1970),
• The payment of gratuity act (1972),
• The building and construction workers act (1996) etc.
Independent India’s constitution : Social Security Acts
4. Unorganized sector…
However, only about 8% of workers actually
get the benefits available under these Acts.
The rest 92%--over 30 crores??
5. • These Acts only apply to those workers who have a clear
employer-employee relationship. 50% of India’s workers
are self employed.
• Workers are not organized and hence have no bargaining
power, because of this, even when laws exist workers are
too weak, too disorganized to demand them.
• The laws are supposed to be implemented through the
Government bureaucracy which has neither the
manpower nor the knowhow to reach the scattered crores
of workers.
Reasons…
6. The National Commission for Enterprises in the
Unorganized Sector (NCEUS) is a national body
commissioned by the Indian government in 2004 to
address the issues faced by enterprises in relation to
the unorganised sector.
The Commission was to make appropriate
recommendations to provide technical, marketing and
credit support to these enterprises. The term of the
Commission which was initially fixed at one year.
Actions of Government
7. Actions of Government
• Indian Parliament finally passed an ambitious law aimed at
ensuring social security to workers in the unorganised
sector, comprising 94% of the country’s labour force.
• The ‘Unorganised Sector Workers’ Social Security
Bill, 2005 --- Draft Bill
• Included a dozen welfare schemes like health insurance, group
accident scheme, savings-cum-relief scheme, and family and old-
age benefit schemes.
8. 52
10.992
22.8
2.424
2.592
6.528
2.664
48
Percentage of workers in Unorganised
Sector
Agriculture Manufacturing Constructions
Trade & Repair etc. Transport & storage etc Other Services etc.
Other Industrial Groups
Non-AgricultureAgriculture
34.9 Million Organised Workers
412.4 Million Unorganised workers
Unorganized
Organized
GDP Share
Unorganized Organized
Agriculture
non-agriculture
GDP SHARE IN UNORGANIZED SECTOR
9. Actions of Government: Unorganized Sectors’
Social Security Act (2008)
NCEUS presented two Draft Bills on Conditions of Work and
Social Security for Unorganized Workers to the Prime Minister.
Based on the comments received from States, Trade Unions and
others, the Commission revised the earlier proposal and proposed
two Bills:
• “Unorganised Non-agricultural Sector Workers
(Conditions of Work and Livelihood Promotion) Bill,
2007”
• “Unorganised Agricultural Sector Workers
(Conditions of Work and Livelihood Promotion) Bill,
2007”
10. Actions of Government
Each of those bill was divided into TWO parts:
• Part 1 of each of the Bills contains provisions
relating to the regulation of conditions of
work of wageworkers.
• Part 2 relates to the protection and
promotion of livelihoods of the unorganised
workers.
11. The proposed Bills also mandate that the
government takes the necessary steps to
protect and promote these livelihoods
through appropriate policies and
programmes. The Bills have also provided for
an institutional machinery to take a holistic
view of the sector and to mobilise the
necessary resources to help the sector
overcome constraints and facilitate its
growth.
12. Both Central and State Govt. Formulated certain
Schemes:
•Swarnjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojna (SGSY)
•Sampoorna Gramin Rozgar Yojana (SGRY),
•National Food for Work Programme (NFFWP),
•Indra Awass Yojna(IAY),
•Integrated Wastelands Development
Programme (IWDP)
•National Rural Employment Guarantee Act-
2005(NREGA): provides 100 days guaranteed
employment to rural household.
13. • Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana for BPL family(member 5) launched on 1st oct
2007.
• Smart card based cashless health insurance cover of Rs. 30,000 to a BPL family
of five.
• All pre-existing diseases to be covered.
• Hospitalisation expenses, taking care of the most of the illnesses.
• Transportation cost of Rs. 100 per visit with an overall limit of Rs. 1000/- per
annum.
Till 15th April, 2009, 22 States/ Union Territories have initiated the process to
implement the scheme. Out of these 17 States have started issuing smart cards and
more than 39.71 lakh cards have been issued providing the health insurance for
more than 1.98 crore persons.
Contd…
14. • Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana for BPL family(member 5) launched on 1st oct 2007.
• Smart card based cashless health insurance cover of Rs. 30,000 to a BPL family of
five.
• All pre-existing diseases to be covered.
• Hospitalisation expenses, taking care of the most of the illnesses.
• Transportation cost of Rs. 100 per visit with an overall limit of Rs. 1000/- per
annum.
Till 15th April, 2009, 22 States/ Union Territories have initiated the process to implement
the scheme. Out of these 17 States have started issuing smart cards and more than
39.71 lakh cards have been issued providing the health insurance for more than 1.98
crore persons.
• In 2010, government launched the Swavalamban Yojana, administered by the Pension
Fund Regulatory and Development Authority - a pension scheme for the workers
engaged in the unorganized sector.
Contd…
15. In fact a comprehensive Act, catering to
the security needs of the unorganized
sector such as Food, Nutrition, Health,
Housing, Employment, Income, Life
and accident, and old age remains a
dream in India. Still the cries of the
unorganized sector goes unattended with
the governments laying red carpets for
the corporates and so called investors at
the expense and sacrifice of the working
class.
16. Flaws of the Act…
• How can it be called an act unless it has the
legal binding and provisions of rights to work
and entitlements under it?
• Here as per the act nothing is mentioned about
what constitutes appropriate and adequate
social security for the vast mass of
unorganized workers and their dependents?
• What eligibility criteria, if any, ought to be
prescribed?
17. Contd…
• What will be the scale of benefits that the
workers and their families are entitled to
receive and under what conditions?
• What will be the funding arrangements that
must be put in positions to meet the cost of
social security and so on?
18. This law which does not deal with the issue of
unemployment, its regulation, wages, and
conditions of work and so on is not merely
incomplete but dysfunctional if it proceeds to
deal with social security on a stand alone basis.
The Act, actually, suffers from a serious lack of
legislative policy and intent. Ultimately this Act
is an eye wash which has neither the capacity to
address nor the inbuilt provision to provide
solutions to the needs of the unorganized
sector.
19. How the Acts can be implemented in a fruitful
way???
• Identifying the unorganised workers by conducting surveys.
• Conducting legal awareness programmes for the identified groups of
unorganised workers about different welfare schemes and social security
measures available.
• Persuading and assisting the workers in the unorganised sector to avail of the
benefits under the different social welfare legislations, administrative
programmes and schemes put in place by the Governments.
• Reaching out to the unorganised labourers and facilitating their bargaining
capacity with the employers and the institutional mechanisms for their welfare.
• Providing legal assistance in appropriate cases.