Labour problems in india
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The document discusses several major problems faced by Indian labor including illiteracy, absenteeism and migration, low levels of health and nutrition, extreme poverty and lack of training. Indian workers have a low level of education which prevents them from receiving advanced industrial training or understanding problems in industries. They also tend to migrate frequently due to inadequate wages and facilities. Indian workers suffer from poor health and lack access to nutritious food and healthcare. Poverty levels are high and workers cannot provide healthy living standards for their families. There is also a lack of training facilities for Indian labor.
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Unorganised sector
The concept of the informal/unorganized sector began receiving attention in the 1970s when the ILO initiated studies to identify and examine this sector. Since then, numerous studies have explored aspects like its size, employment, and relationship to the formal sector. In 1987, an ILO report discussed the role of the informal sector in employment, lack of protections for workers, and potential for standards. India's economy is characterized by a vast majority—93%—of the workforce employed in the unorganized sector. This sector includes small/marginal farmers, construction workers, artisans, fishermen, and more. It is defined by ease of entry, small scale, use of indigenous resources, and lack of regulation.
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The document discusses the "Labour Problem" that arose at the turn of the 20th century due to various economic and social factors. As machines began replacing human labor, employers sought to cut wages to reduce costs. This depersonalized the production process and made human labor more expendable. It led to difficulties for both workers and employers. The problems discussed included illiteracy, lack of organization and discipline among workers, as well as poverty and poor living/working conditions. Industrialization brought changes like urbanization but also issues such as pollution, crime and stress of city life. Working conditions encompass factors like working hours, pay, and physical/mental job demands.
Labour welfare
Labour welfare in India aims to improve conditions for workers beyond wages alone. It addresses physiological, social, esteem, monetary and other needs. Key labour laws establish social security programs like Employees' State Insurance (ESI) for healthcare, Employees' Provident Fund for post-retirement benefits, Workmen's Compensation for workplace injuries, Payment of Gratuity for retirement lump sums, and Maternity Benefit for paid leave. These organized sector programs are administered through autonomous bodies but face issues like healthcare quality and infrastructure gaps. Labour welfare is important in India due to lack of unions, illiteracy, poverty, and industrial backwardness.
Labour welfare
The document discusses the concept of labour welfare in India. It provides a history of labour welfare from the pre-independence period through present day. Key aspects covered include statutory and non-statutory welfare services within and outside establishments, the objectives and philosophy of labour welfare, social security programs, and the roles of government agencies and private organizations in promoting worker welfare.
Labour legislations
The document discusses Indian labor legislation. It provides definitions and outlines the objectives, principles, scope, and classification of labor laws in India. Key points covered include:
- Labor legislation protects workers' rights and promotes healthy employer-employee relations.
- Major labor laws in India relate to industrial relations, wages, working conditions, welfare, and social security.
- Labor laws aim to prevent exploitation of workers, preserve their health and safety, and establish productive employment relationships.
- Major central acts discussed are the Industrial Disputes Act, Employees' Compensation Act, Payment of Gratuity Act, and Minimum Wages Act.
Labour welfare
This document discusses the scope, objectives, and principles of labor welfare. It defines labor welfare as voluntary efforts by employers to provide better employment conditions and improve workers' standard of living. The objectives of labor welfare are to enable workers to live richer lives, contribute to productivity and efficiency, enhance living standards, and foster development among the workforce. Key principles discussed include social responsibility, democratic values, adequate wages, efficiency, co-responsibility, and coordination of welfare efforts.
Trade unions in india
Trade unions are permanent associations of workers or employers formed to secure economic and social benefits for workers. In India, the major phases of trade union development were from 1850-1900, 1900-1946, and post-1947 when four central trade union organizations were functioning. Trade unions have objectives like improving wages and working conditions for workers. They have functions like negotiating for higher pay and better treatment and providing welfare. However, they also face problems like uneven growth, limited membership, multiple competing unions, and financial issues.
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Labour welfare
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Labour legislations
The document discusses Indian labor legislation. It provides definitions and outlines the objectives, principles, scope, and classification of labor laws in India. Key points covered include:
- Labor legislation protects workers' rights and promotes healthy employer-employee relations.
- Major labor laws in India relate to industrial relations, wages, working conditions, welfare, and social security.
- Labor laws aim to prevent exploitation of workers, preserve their health and safety, and establish productive employment relationships.
- Major central acts discussed are the Industrial Disputes Act, Employees' Compensation Act, Payment of Gratuity Act, and Minimum Wages Act.
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This document discusses the scope, objectives, and principles of labor welfare. It defines labor welfare as voluntary efforts by employers to provide better employment conditions and improve workers' standard of living. The objectives of labor welfare are to enable workers to live richer lives, contribute to productivity and efficiency, enhance living standards, and foster development among the workforce. Key principles discussed include social responsibility, democratic values, adequate wages, efficiency, co-responsibility, and coordination of welfare efforts.
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Trade union act, 1926
This document provides an overview of the Trade Union Act of 1926 in India. It discusses key aspects of the act including the definition of a trade union, scope and coverage of the act, process of trade union registration, requirements for trade union rules, grounds for cancelling registration, permitted uses of trade union funds, rights to inspect books, and dissolution of trade unions. It also provides a case study on how a trade union organization in Maharashtra used collective bargaining to successfully resolve a dispute between hotel workers and management over reducing annual holiday time.
Statutory and non statutory welfare schemes at workplace
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Employees provident fund 1952
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2. The Act applies to establishments with 20 or more employees and seeks to provide benefits like provident funds, family pension, and deposit-linked insurance to employees.
3. Key aspects include mandatory contributions from employers and employees, withdrawal eligibility after age 55 or incapacity, and protections against attachment of funds by courts. Administration is overseen by central and state boards with representatives of governments, employers, and employees.
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The document discusses the nature, meaning, principles, functions and types of trade unions according to the Trade Union Act of 1926 in India. Some key points:
- Trade unions are voluntary organizations formed by workers/employers to promote their collective interests through actions like regulating relations and imposing work conditions.
- The main functions of trade unions are protecting workers' interests through collective bargaining over wages and work conditions, and providing social/welfare benefits to members.
- Trade unions can be reformist, seeking gradual change through bargaining, or revolutionary, aiming to replace the existing economic system. They may be organized by craft, industry or federation.
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Labour Welfare Funds
A PPT THAT EXPLAINS LABOUR WELFARE FUNDS AND ITS TYPES:
Beedi Workers Welfare Cess Act,1976
Cine Workers Welfare Cess Act,1981
The Iron Ore, Manganese Ore & Chrome Ore Mines Labour Welfare Cess Act ,1976
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The document discusses the unorganized sector in India, which consists of small businesses and workers without formal worker protections. It provides key statistics on the sector's large contributions to employment and GDP. The unorganized sector faces many problems, such as lack of regulations, social security, access to capital, and unfair competition from organized businesses. The government has launched initiatives to address these issues and provide health insurance to unorganized workers.
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This document outlines statutory and non-statutory welfare schemes that can be provided in the workplace. Statutory schemes mandated by law include providing drinking water, seating facilities, first aid, latrines/urinals, canteens, lighting, washing places, changing rooms, and rest rooms. Non-statutory schemes encompass optional programs like health checkups, flexible work schedules, employee assistance programs, harassment policies, insurance, and employee referral incentives. Examples of non-statutory welfare include credit societies, stores, libraries, recreational activities, and support for religious/national celebrations.
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This document discusses different types of wages, including piece wages, time wages, cash wages, and wages in kind. It defines wages as the price paid to labor for its contribution to production. There are several types of piece wages like straight, increasing, and decreasing piece rates. Time wages are based on the amount of time worked rather than output. Cash wages are paid in spendable currency while wages in kind are paid in goods rather than cash. Contract wages fix the wages for a complete job or project at the beginning. Real wages refer to purchasing power while money wages are the nominal amount paid.
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Employees provident fund 1952
1. The Employees' Provident Fund Act 1952 established 3 schemes - the Employees' Provident Fund Scheme, the Employees' Pension Scheme, and the Employees' Deposit Linked Insurance Scheme.
2. The Act applies to establishments with 20 or more employees and seeks to provide benefits like provident funds, family pension, and deposit-linked insurance to employees.
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Trade unions
The document discusses the nature, meaning, principles, functions and types of trade unions according to the Trade Union Act of 1926 in India. Some key points:
- Trade unions are voluntary organizations formed by workers/employers to promote their collective interests through actions like regulating relations and imposing work conditions.
- The main functions of trade unions are protecting workers' interests through collective bargaining over wages and work conditions, and providing social/welfare benefits to members.
- Trade unions can be reformist, seeking gradual change through bargaining, or revolutionary, aiming to replace the existing economic system. They may be organized by craft, industry or federation.
- The Trade Union Act of 1926 provides for registration of trade
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The document discusses the definition, objectives, and functions of trade unions. It notes that trade unions are formed to regulate relations between workers and employers, and to impose conditions on businesses. Their key objectives are to improve wages and working conditions for employees through collective bargaining and other means. The functions of trade unions can be categorized as militant (fighting for workers' rights), fraternal (providing welfare benefits), political, and those related to participation in management issues.
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A PPT THAT EXPLAINS LABOUR WELFARE FUNDS AND ITS TYPES:
Beedi Workers Welfare Cess Act,1976
Cine Workers Welfare Cess Act,1981
The Iron Ore, Manganese Ore & Chrome Ore Mines Labour Welfare Cess Act ,1976
The Limestone and Mines Labour Welfare Fund Act, 1972
Mica Mines Labour Welfare Fund Act, 1946
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Labor legislation refers to all laws enacted by governments to regulate employment conditions and relations, provide social security, and ensure worker welfare. The objectives of labor legislation are to preserve worker health and safety, maintain good employer-employee relations, safeguard workers from exploitation, and provide mechanisms for resolving industrial disputes. Key types of labor legislation are protective laws that set minimum employment standards, regulatory laws that govern labor-management relations and dispute resolution, social security laws that provide benefits, and welfare laws aimed at improving living conditions.
Industrial disputes act, 1947
The document defines key terms related to industrial disputes and the Industrial Disputes Act of 1947 in India such as industrial dispute, workman, wages, and public utility service. It outlines the objectives of the act to promote amity between employers and workers. It describes features such as encouraging arbitration, setting up works committees, and empowering government authorities to resolve disputes. Finally, it explains the various authorities established under the act to handle different types and levels of disputes, such as conciliation officers, boards of conciliation, courts of inquiry, labour courts, and national tribunals.
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The document discusses the unorganized sector in India, which consists of small businesses and workers without formal worker protections. It provides key statistics on the sector's large contributions to employment and GDP. The unorganized sector faces many problems, such as lack of regulations, social security, access to capital, and unfair competition from organized businesses. The government has launched initiatives to address these issues and provide health insurance to unorganized workers.
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7 business i environment i society mba 2016
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Unemployment is a major social issue in India. It is caused by factors like rapid population growth, limited land resources, seasonal nature of agriculture, and lack of adequate employment planning. The main types of unemployment in India are seasonal, voluntary, frictional, causal, and disguised unemployment. Unemployment rates are higher in urban areas compared to rural areas. Mass unemployment leads to increased poverty and social issues. While it affects people of all education levels, educated unemployed struggle with underutilization of their skills and capacities. Unemployment presents significant economic and social challenges for India.People as resource class 9 part 3
This document discusses people as a resource in India. It covers several topics:
Health is important for people to realize their potential and productivity. The national health policy aims to improve access to healthcare, especially for underprivileged groups.
Unemployment exists when willing workers cannot find jobs. India experiences seasonal unemployment in rural areas and educated unemployment in urban areas. Unemployment leads to wasted resources and lower quality of life.
While India's official unemployment rate is low, many people have low incomes and productivity but are still counted as employed. The agriculture sector absorbs most labor but some have moved to secondary and tertiary industries.
Study materials
The unemployment rate in India has increased significantly according to recent data, reaching 12.81% in June 2021. There are several types of unemployment that exist in India, including structural unemployment caused by a mismatch of skills and available jobs. Large population, lack of vocational skills, and inadequate economic growth are some of the major causes of unemployment. The government has implemented various initiatives to help generate employment such as MGNREGA, PMKVY, Startup India, and Stand Up India schemes.
Educated unemployment
This document discusses educated unemployment in Kerala, India through a case study of Thodiyoor Panchayath. It outlines that unemployment is a major issue in Kerala, particularly among educated youth. The objectives of the study are to examine unemployment levels among educated youth in Thodiyoor Panchayath and to assess the role of self-help groups and panchayath programs in addressing unemployment. The methodology includes collecting primary data through questionnaires and secondary data from panchayath officials about existing programs.
Educated Youth Unemployment In India - Gaurav Subudhi (2)
This document is a student paper analyzing the problem of educated youth unemployment in India. It contains an introduction outlining the scope and objectives of the paper. The main body discusses the causes of youth unemployment in India, including rapid population growth outpacing economic growth, faulty policymaking that has not focused enough on job creation, and over-reliance on foreign technology without sufficient investment in domestic research and development. The conclusion emphasizes the untapped potential of strengthening India's university research system to create more jobs.
Domestic Worker Policy in India FINAL
The document discusses domestic worker policy issues in India. It notes that domestic workers face inequality, including gender disparity, child labor, and lack of social benefits. The current policy aims to improve skills but has not addressed underlying issues like working conditions. Reforms are needed to focus on education to better protect domestic workers and address issues like low education rates, gender gaps in education, and child labor.
A0940111
This document summarizes a research study that analyzed the productivity of female workers from three ethnic groups - Buginese, Makassarese, and Torajanese - working in the food and beverage small industry sector in Makassar, Indonesia. The study aimed to determine the impact of individual characteristics, demographic factors, socioeconomic characteristics, work environment, and government policy on productivity. It also examined differences in productivity between the ethnic groups. The study found that individual health, tenure, work ethic, age, wages, and work environment significantly impacted productivity, while other factors did not. It also found significant differences in productivity between the three ethnic groups.
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This document discusses the employment crisis in India. It defines unemployment and outlines its main types: frictional, structural, and seasonal unemployment. It reviews literature noting that while India's economic growth rate has doubled, its employment growth rate has halved. Rapid population growth and underdevelopment are cited as key problems contributing to unemployment. The methodology section describes how the author researched the topic through books, magazines, websites and discussions with teachers. Data is presented on India's unemployment rate and labor force participation rate from 2005-2018. The findings conclude that while India's economy is growing, unemployment remains a grave problem requiring widespread skill development programs and better enforcement of employment strategies to significantly improve employment levels.
Unemployment in Bangladesh.
ITS helping you to a clear concept about bangladehi unemployment rate and its cause.....
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Hasib
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Women Workers in Informal Sector in India: Understanding the Occupational Vul...
Unorganised or informal sector constitutes a pivotal part of the Indian economy. More than 90 per cent of workforce and about 50 per cent of the national product are accounted for by the informal economy. A high proportion of socially and economically underprivileged sections of society are concentrated in the informal economic activities [1]. Informal employment is generally a larger source of employment for women than for men in the developing world. Other than in North Africa where 43 per cent of women workers are in informal employment, 60 per cent or more of women workers in the developing world are in informal employment(outside agriculture).
In sub-Saharan Africa 84 per cent of women non-agricultural workers; in Latin America 58 per cent for women in comparison to 48 percent for men. In Asia, the proportion of women and men non-agricultural workers in informal employment is roughly equivalentto Women and Men in the Informal Economy [2].The informal economy in India employs about 86 per cent of the country’s work force and 91 per cent of its women workers [3]. Many of these women workers are primary earners for their families. Their earnings are necessary for sheer survival. Low income women workers, especially in the informal sectorform one of the most vulnerable groups in the Indian economy.
The reasons for their vulnerability are-(a) irregular work, (b) low economic status, (c) little or no bargaining power, (d) lack of control over earnings, (e) need to balance paid work with care for children and homework, (f) little or no access to institutional credit, training and information, and (g) lack of assets. Unequal gender relations play a very important role in defining their insecurities. Given their vulnerable status at home and at work, income generation alone may not improve the socio-economic status of women attached to the informal sector. Their economic empowerment needs to go along with political empowerment, which could improve their bargaining power both in household and at work.
This means that organizing women workers in the informl economy could have beneficial impacts on their work and their life if such organizationcombines voices representation along with access to resources such as credit and information- a holistic strategy that provides political empowerment allied with economic empowerment.The present study aims at understanding the degree of vulnerabilityof the women workers in informal sector in India.
23
This document summarizes a study on the occupational vulnerability of women workers in India's informal sector. It finds that the informal sector employs about 86% of India's workforce and 91% of its women workers. Women in the informal sector face multiple vulnerabilities, including irregular work, low wages, lack of bargaining power, and need to balance work and unpaid domestic duties. The document then categorizes common occupations for women in the informal sector, such as rag picking, domestic work, vending, construction work, and garment work. It describes a survey conducted in the Indian state of Odisha to understand the living and working conditions of women in various informal occupations.
UNEMPLOYMENT.
The document discusses unemployment in India, defining it as when a person actively seeking work is unable to find a job. It provides details on different types of unemployment in India like seasonal and structural unemployment. Causes mentioned include lack of education and skills, a large unorganized sector, and rapid population growth. The impacts of unemployment include increased poverty and crime. The government has implemented various schemes to address unemployment like MGNREGA, PMKVY, and Start Up India.
According to data from the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy.docx
The document discusses unemployment in India, defining it as when a person actively seeking work is unable to find a job. It provides details on different types of unemployment in India like seasonal and structural unemployment. Causes mentioned include lack of education and skills, a large unorganized sector, and rapid population growth. The impacts of unemployment include increased poverty and crime. The government has implemented various schemes to address unemployment like MGNREGA, PMKVY, and Start Up India.
UNEMPLOYMENT AND EMPLOYMENT SCHEMES TO ERADICATE THE ROOTS OF UNEMPLOYMENT FR...
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The document discusses unemployment in India, defining it as when a person actively seeking work is unable to find a job. It provides details on different types of unemployment in India like seasonal and structural unemployment. Causes mentioned include lack of education and skills, a large unorganized sector, and rapid population growth. The impacts of unemployment include increased poverty and crime. The government has implemented various schemes to address unemployment like MGNREGA, PMKVY, and Startup India.AAISTgroup
The document discusses increasing employability amongst youth in India. It outlines several challenges to youth employment in India, including a lack of sufficient jobs, fewer new jobs being created, a large youth population, shifting industry priorities, and issues in the agricultural sector. It then describes some initiatives to address these challenges, including the Saksham program which provides vocational and life skills training to help youth access decent employment. The Udaan program aims to increase employability of Jammu and Kashmir youth in the corporate sector through skills training and job placement. The overall goal is to enhance skills training and employment opportunities to better utilize India's large youth population.
Unemployment In Pakistan by MEHAK NOOR,JAVERIA,ABDULLAH,ADNAN .pptx
BS EDUCATION
SEMSETER 2nd
(From Sep 2023 to Jan 2024)
Subject: Citizenship
Teacher: Ms Sania Hayat (M.Phil.)
Classes: Monday 11-12:30 ,Tuesday 8-9:30
These Are Final Term Presentation Slides
-------------------------------------------
Institute of Education
University Of Sargodha *
VAYUU
The document discusses the issue of youth unemployment in India due to lack of skills. It notes that over half of India's population is under 25, but 57% of youth lack skills for employment and 75-85% of graduates are unemployable. The proposed solution is to implement an Overall Development Kit (ODK) program across institutions to build skills like language, soft skills, and vocational courses. The ODK would improve quality of education, motivate students, and develop necessary skills to address India's youth unemployment challenge. Challenges to implementation include low literacy and English skills as well as coordination between government programs.
Unemployment in Pakistan
Social Problem
Unemployment
Causes of Unemployment
Suicide Cases By Unemployment
Solutions Of Unemployment
Unemployment Rate in Pakistan
Conclusion
Employment, Unemployment and Policies
EMPLOYMENT
Economic Definition of Work
Definition of employment
Employment ratio in India
Employment Structure in India
Types of employment in India
Employment Problems in India
UNEMPLOYMENT
Unemployment
Types of Unemployment in India
Policies to increase employment opportunities in India
References
Study of unorganized sector in india
In India, unorganized sector play major role in our Indiana economic and large amount of population works in this sector. More than 90 percent of the workforce and about 50 percent of the national product are accounted for by the informal economy. This sector also encompasses the treasure of traditional indigenous knowledge.
It caters to the wide ranging economic requirements of the society. The economic contribution of unorganized sector can be discussed in terms of employment in unorganized sector, contribution to GDP and Gross Value Added and supplying various goods and services for the society.
Unlike the organized sector, even this sector has not received the benefits or organization. Many of them are victims of invisibility. The difficulty starts with identifying the unorganized sector. This report is an attempt to identify the role of the unorganized sector in the Indian economy with special reference to economic contribution and employment.
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Labour problems in india
- 2. Major problems of Indian labour Illiteracy As compared with other countries, the percentage of educated workers is very low, most of them being illiterate. Consequently, they are not in a position to receive advanced industrial training, understand the problems in industries their own interests and those of nation as a whole. This can prove a source of harm not only to the workers but also to the country. AT-BSSS, Bhopal
- 3. Major problems of Indian labour cont.. Problem of Absenteeism and Migration Compared to the workers of other countries the Indian labours are more restless and does tendentious towards frequent migration because life in the town does not provide for his needs, and the atmosphere in general does not suit him. Also due to inadequate level of wages the labours cannot comfortably settle down in one place. This may in turn also give rise to Absenteeism. This workers migratory tendency can be curbed by providing him with adequate facilities and conditions, and this also shows a positive effect over the absenteeism in the factory.AT-BSSS, Bhopal
- 4. Low Level of Health, Nutrition and Healthy Recreation The Indian worker as compared with his counterpart in most European countries is unhealthy and confined with illness. This shows a definite affect over the production potential. Hence, he is very great need of inexpensive nutritive food and good facility in case of hospitalization. Healthy recreation is also at a priority in our country, the efficiency of labour force is diminished by energy being employed in all kinds of undesirable channels. Hence, it is essential that recreation and enjoyment of a healthy kind be provided. Major problems of Indian labour cont.. AT-BSSS, Bhopal
- 5. Extreme Poverty and Lack of Training The percentage of people under the poverty line in our country is comparatively high than other countries. So the standard of living is very low. An Indian workers is unable to provide with a healthy living for his family and in the case of female workers she is not provided with assistance in case of need. Hence, the labour welfare has much to do in the country. It must assist them by providing with them maternity benefits, in old age i.e., provident fund, pensions and gratuity etc. As the percentage of trained workers in India is very low, it is necessary to have training facilities for such a vast labour force. Major problems of Indian labour cont.. AT-BSSS, Bhopal
- 6. Industrial Backwardness of India: In India, industrial progress is being aimed through the medium of the five year plans, but industrial progress is dependent on the efficiency of the labour force. The welfare work motivates the workers and maintains efficiency and productivity. So, we can say that the importance of these activities is great for India in comparison to western countries. As welfare of worker at work place will improve not only their efficiency but also improve their willingness to perform their duty involving themselves with in duty Major problems of Indian labour cont.. AT-BSSS, Bhopal
- 7. Other problems faced by labours: Migration & agricultural background Unfair recruitment process Improper development of labour organization Unsatisfactory housing Lack of predefined wage structure Less exposure to Info & Tech. Lack of Formal Training Unsatisfactory work place Limited security and welfare measures Gender discrimination Agents AT-BSSS, Bhopal
- 8. Key Labour Issues: Lack of quality employment or under employment Lack of employment Large in Number Seasonality of work Work Place Working Environment Caste and Class Difference Poor Skill and Technology Lack of Political Support Inadequacy of laws and legislation AT-BSSS, Bhopal
- 9. Key Labour Issues; cont… Migration Unequal distribution of money Low wage rate Gender discrimination in wage Gender specific work Lack of security Indebtedness Bonded labour Social security and measures AT-BSSS, Bhopal
- 10. Open Session…… Thank You!! AT-BSSS, Bhopal