Smog is a kind of intense air pollution, originally named for the mixture of smoke and fog in the air. Major cities around the world are experiencing the effects of air pollution.
Smog is a kind of intense air pollution, originally named for the mixture of smoke and fog in the air. Major cities around the world are experiencing the effects of air pollution.
Biological anthropology is about humanity and what makes us human. This slide will make u understand about basic biological anthropology, its scope and different fields where it provide ways for future research studies regarding human evolution. Hope it will help u!
Define the concept social change
Theories of social change
Discuss the characteristics of social change
Discuss the following sources of social change
Cultural innovation
Chapter 5 Global TerrorismNONSTATE ADVERSARIES, FUNDAMENTALIST.docxbissacr
Chapter 5 Global Terrorism
NONSTATE ADVERSARIES, FUNDAMENTALIST RELIGIOUS EXTREMISM, AND WEAPONS ARE THREE FORCES OF GLOBAL TERRORISM, ALL REPRESENTED BY TALIBAN FIGHTERS IN AFGHANISTAN.
Learning Objectives
1. 5.1Recognize that terrorism is a contentious issue that becomes hopelessly muddled by political and military considerations
2. 5.2Review the factors that are conducive to terrorism
3. 5.3Identify the goals, strategies, and weapons of terrorism
4. 5.4Identify the sources of funds that are used for financing terrorism
5. 5.5Review how terrorism adversely affects individuals, nations, and other groups
6. 5.6Summarize five kinds of terrorism
7. 5.7Examine the different ways of combating terrorism
8. 5.8Analyze the fundamental question about the balance between fighting terrorism and protecting democracy within the United States
The Boston Marathon bombing in April 2013 and the grisly murder of an off-duty British soldier in public in London in May 2013 that was filmed on mobile phones as the terrorist waited for police demonstrate a further shift away from centralized terrorist organizations to lone wolf terrorism. This kind of terrorism is conducted by self-motivated independent individuals. The attacks in Boston and London show how difficult it is to prevent lone wolf terrorism.
Successful U.S. counterterrorism measures against al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula and in Pakistan, combined with failed democratic transitions in the Middle East and North Africa, have contributed to the shift of global terrorism to Africa. Domestic terrorist groups such as Boko Haram, which means “Western education is sacrilege,” in northern Nigeria, collaborate with al-Qaeda. The Syrian civil war, chaos in Iraq following the U.S. withdrawal, and the disintegration of law and order in Libya have strengthened terrorism, most notably the group called the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS), which claimed credit for the November 13, 2015 terrorist massacre in Paris.
The growing use of armed drones for targeted killings of suspected terrorists in Yemen, Pakistan, Somalia, Niger, and elsewhere raises many controversial issues. Drones are effective weapons against terrorists. Even though they kill fewer civilians than alternative methods, the loss of innocent civilian lives undermines their use.
Edward Snowden’s leaking of documents showing extensive spying on Americans as well as people and governments around the world by the National Security Agency (NSA) as part of America’s counterterrorism strategy raised global concerns about the basic right to privacy. It also has far-reaching consequences for U.S. security and foreign policy.
Osama bin Laden, widely viewed as the embodiment of global terrorism, was killed by U.S. Special Forces on May 1, 2011, in Pakistan. Despite this significant development, the war on terrorism continues. Think about how the escalation of global terrorism affects our daily lives. This global problem is now virtually inseparable from pe.
Terrorism, one of the most widely discussed issues of the present time, remains as one of the least understood aspect. It exudes horror and fascinations, their shocking and unexpected character has captured headlines for years; It has become the most publicized form of political violence. But the serious study of terrorism still remains in its infancy and widely divergent views continue to prevail-with regard to its origins, its true impact on international politics and the forms it may assume in future.
Biological anthropology is about humanity and what makes us human. This slide will make u understand about basic biological anthropology, its scope and different fields where it provide ways for future research studies regarding human evolution. Hope it will help u!
Define the concept social change
Theories of social change
Discuss the characteristics of social change
Discuss the following sources of social change
Cultural innovation
Chapter 5 Global TerrorismNONSTATE ADVERSARIES, FUNDAMENTALIST.docxbissacr
Chapter 5 Global Terrorism
NONSTATE ADVERSARIES, FUNDAMENTALIST RELIGIOUS EXTREMISM, AND WEAPONS ARE THREE FORCES OF GLOBAL TERRORISM, ALL REPRESENTED BY TALIBAN FIGHTERS IN AFGHANISTAN.
Learning Objectives
1. 5.1Recognize that terrorism is a contentious issue that becomes hopelessly muddled by political and military considerations
2. 5.2Review the factors that are conducive to terrorism
3. 5.3Identify the goals, strategies, and weapons of terrorism
4. 5.4Identify the sources of funds that are used for financing terrorism
5. 5.5Review how terrorism adversely affects individuals, nations, and other groups
6. 5.6Summarize five kinds of terrorism
7. 5.7Examine the different ways of combating terrorism
8. 5.8Analyze the fundamental question about the balance between fighting terrorism and protecting democracy within the United States
The Boston Marathon bombing in April 2013 and the grisly murder of an off-duty British soldier in public in London in May 2013 that was filmed on mobile phones as the terrorist waited for police demonstrate a further shift away from centralized terrorist organizations to lone wolf terrorism. This kind of terrorism is conducted by self-motivated independent individuals. The attacks in Boston and London show how difficult it is to prevent lone wolf terrorism.
Successful U.S. counterterrorism measures against al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula and in Pakistan, combined with failed democratic transitions in the Middle East and North Africa, have contributed to the shift of global terrorism to Africa. Domestic terrorist groups such as Boko Haram, which means “Western education is sacrilege,” in northern Nigeria, collaborate with al-Qaeda. The Syrian civil war, chaos in Iraq following the U.S. withdrawal, and the disintegration of law and order in Libya have strengthened terrorism, most notably the group called the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS), which claimed credit for the November 13, 2015 terrorist massacre in Paris.
The growing use of armed drones for targeted killings of suspected terrorists in Yemen, Pakistan, Somalia, Niger, and elsewhere raises many controversial issues. Drones are effective weapons against terrorists. Even though they kill fewer civilians than alternative methods, the loss of innocent civilian lives undermines their use.
Edward Snowden’s leaking of documents showing extensive spying on Americans as well as people and governments around the world by the National Security Agency (NSA) as part of America’s counterterrorism strategy raised global concerns about the basic right to privacy. It also has far-reaching consequences for U.S. security and foreign policy.
Osama bin Laden, widely viewed as the embodiment of global terrorism, was killed by U.S. Special Forces on May 1, 2011, in Pakistan. Despite this significant development, the war on terrorism continues. Think about how the escalation of global terrorism affects our daily lives. This global problem is now virtually inseparable from pe.
Terrorism, one of the most widely discussed issues of the present time, remains as one of the least understood aspect. It exudes horror and fascinations, their shocking and unexpected character has captured headlines for years; It has become the most publicized form of political violence. But the serious study of terrorism still remains in its infancy and widely divergent views continue to prevail-with regard to its origins, its true impact on international politics and the forms it may assume in future.
Module 2 Effects of Cultural Diversity and Globalization on Homel.docxroushhsiu
Module 2: Effects of Cultural Diversity and Globalization on Homeland Security and International Relations
The threat of terrorism is having a profound effect on international security. Research exploring the causes and consequences of terrorism has shown that a country's chances of being victimized by terrorist groups are directly correlated to its ethnic, linguistic, and religious fragmentation. Much of this fragmentation occurs in "failed states."
The definition of failed state is imprecise, but such states have two significant features (Chomsky, 2006; Thürer, 1999):
· lack of viable political, legal, and social governance structures
· unchecked violence against citizens
Given these characteristics, failed states like Afghanistan, Iraq, Sudan, Somalia, Pakistan, and Yemen have served as "launching pads for transnational terror" (Basuchoudhary & Shughart, 2010, p. 70; The Fund for Peace, 2011).
Faced with the growing worldwide threat of terrorism, the international community needs an overall approach to confront it—one that combines cultural considerations with political, economic, legal, and social methods. Cultural diversity in all its aspects—the arts, heritage, religion, media, science, education, youth, and sports—can play an important role (Sudarenkov et al., 2004) in
· preventing the development of terrorist mentality
· dissuading would-be terrorists
· cutting them off from wider support
To experience cultural democracy and freedom, nations must be unified around a set of democratic values, such as justice and equality, that balance unity and diversity and protect the rights of diverse groups. The basis for any cultural action against terrorism lies in understanding the "complex and delicate relationship between terrorism and its cultural context" (Banks, 2004, p. 3).
Globalization—the increasing economic and social interdependence among countries—has created many opportunities for mutually beneficial exchanges. Many have argued that this interdependence could "increase stability, peace, and prosperity" (Kilroy, 2008, p. 23). In Europe, globalization helped integrate the region, obliging all states to cooperate and coordinate on political, economic, social, and security problems. Globalization has helped democratic systems to emerge, and democratic countries engage in armed conflict less than nondemocratic countries (United Nations, 1999).
Conversely, globalization has also created vulnerabilities, leaving countries open to short- and long-term risk of terrorist acts. The terrorist attacks on the United States on September 11, 2001, and the subsequent war on terrorism dramatically revealed the downsides of globalization—global flows of technology, goods, information, ideologies, and people can have destructive as well as productive effects (Kellner, 2007, p. 245). Huntington (1996) asserted that the world is articulated into competing civilizations that are based on irreconcilably different cultures and religions. For Huntington, rel.
Chapter 9 Global Inequality and PovertyONE PHOTO CAPTURES A SH.docxbissacr
Chapter 9 Global Inequality and Poverty
ONE PHOTO CAPTURES A SHARP CONTRAST BETWEEN RICH AND POOR IN THE DEVELOPING WORLD. The high-rise buildings in the background are apartments for the wealthy.
Learning Objectives
1. 9.1Examine how widening gap between rich and poor strengthens inequality-perpetuating institutions
2. 9.2Contrast between the viewpoints of globalists and antiglobalists on the effects of globalization
3. 9.3Examine the causes and the impact of domestic or global inequality between nations
4. 9.4Examine the economic, social, and educational inequality that exists within rich countries
5. 9.5Examine the inequalities that exist in different aspects of life in poor countries
6. 9.6Review the six dimensions of poverty that can be used to gauge poverty
7. 9.7Evaluate some of the measures for diminishing poverty and reducing inequality
The richest eighty people in the world control as much wealth as the poorest half of the world’s population. Thirty-five of those eighty are Americans. The top 1 percent of the world’s richest people control 48 percent of the world’s total wealth. More than one billion people in the world live on less than $1.25 a day. Inequality exists within the United States. The richest four hundred Americans own more assets than the poorest 150 million, or almost half the population. The bottom 15 percent, about forty-six million people, live in households earning less than $22,000 per year. The top 5 percent of households in Washington, D.C., make an average of more than $500,000, while the bottom 20 percent make less than $9,500. Conflict between rich and poor is now the greatest source of tension in American society. Economic inequality has emerged as a dominant global issue that has fueled massive protests and popular uprisings. The global financial crisis and economic recession have rekindled debates about inequality and its consequences. Discussions about wealth and poverty and how to achieve greater equality are as old as human society. They demonstrate a perennial concern about the implications of inequality for the security and well-being of communities. Given the persistence of inequality among individuals, groups, and nations over centuries, this debate is interminable. Struggles to achieve equality are also endless. Issues pertaining to global inequality and poverty permeate almost every significant global problem, from trade to the environment, from terrorism and criminal activities to democratization and human rights, and from ethnic conflicts to the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. As we have seen, popular uprisings in the Middle East and North Africa were strongly influenced by widespread inequality and poverty. Consequently, as our discussion shows, inequality and poverty are closely connected to politics, economics, and culture.
A central question addressed in this chapter is whether inequality matters. Human societies are inherently unequal due to variations of abilities, opportun.
1
Media Spectacle
Douglas Kellner
(http://www.gseis.ucla.edu/faculty/kellner/)
Preface and Acknowledgements
As the human adventure enters a new millennium, media culture continues to be a
central organizing force in the economy, politics, culture, and everyday life. Media
culture drives the economy, generating ebbing and flowing corporate profits while
disseminating the advertising and images of high-consumption life-styles that help
reproduce the consumer society. Media culture also provides models for everyday life
that replicate high consumption ideals and personalities and sell consumers on
commodity pleasures and solutions to their problems, new technologies, and novel forms
of identity. As technocapitalism moves into a dazzling and seductive
information/entertainment society, mergers between the media giants are proliferating,
competition is intensifying, and the media generate spectacles to attract audiences to the
programs and advertisements that fuel the mighty money machines. Yet the Terror
Spectacle of September 11 and its aftermath unleashed war and destruction, creating
multiplying crises in the global economy and growing insecurity in everyday life.
In the past decades, spectacle culture has significantly evolved. Every form of
culture and more and more spheres of social life are permeated by the logic of the
spectacle. Movies are bigger and more spectacular than ever, with high-tech special
effects expanding the range of cinematic spectacle. Television channels proliferate
endlessly with all-day movies, news, political talk, sports, specialty niches, re-runs of the
history of television, and whatever else can gain an audience. The rock spectacle
reverberates through radio, television, CDs and DVDs, computer networks, and
extravagant concerts. Media culture provides fashion and style models for emulation and
promotes a celebrity culture that provides deities and role models.
Media culture excels in creating megaspectacles of sports events, world conflicts,
entertainment, "breaking news" and media events, such as the O.J. Simpson trial, the
death of Princess Diana, or the sex, murder, and related scandals of the moment.
Megaspectacle comes as well to dominate party politics, as their heavily dramatized
presentations implode into the political battles of the day, such as the Clinton sex
scandals and impeachment, the 36 Day Battle for the White House after Election 2000,
and the September 11 terrorist attacks and subsequent Terror War. These dramatic media
passion plays define the politics and culture of the time, and attract mass audiences to
their programming, hour after hour, and day after day.
1
The Internet in turn has generated a seductive cyberspace, producing novel forms
of information, entertainment, and social interaction, while promoting a dot.com frenzied
boom and bust that fuelled and then deflated the "new economy," producing a turbulent
new form of creative destruction in the vi ...
Researching Journalism: issues and agendas for the digital ageCCI
Journalism is the key cultural form of our time, essential to the democratic process, embedded in the organisation and management of everyday life, a rich source of entertainment and leisure. The newspaper is in decline, but the appetite for news, and commentary on news, has never been greater, serviced today in a media environment increasingly dominated by online platforms. The rapidly changing nature of this environment presents huge challenges, as well as opportunities, for journalists, news organisation, and journalism researchers. How, for example, to engage with and understand the impact of social networking on journalism, or the cultural chaos unleashed by Wikileaks? How to define even what journalism is anymore, when news coexists with so many hybrid forms, and the professional journalist is increasingly challenged by the content-generating user?
In this lecture Brian McNair will present his assessment of the key issues and agendas for journalism researchers in 2011. What do we need to know about journalism and its evolving relationship to societies which are digitised, networked, globalised as never before? What contribution can the scholar make to the maintenance and regulation of 'quality' journalism in contexts where economics, technology and politics may threaten it? What is 'quality' journalism, indeed?
Drawing on nearly three decades as a journalism scholar, and an extensive portfolio of research and publication in the field, Professor McNair will seek to identify the key research questions facing journalism scholars in Australia and overseas, and the emerging methodologies being developed to answer them.
Researching Journalism: issues and agendas for the digital ageCCI
Journalism is the key cultural form of our time, essential to the democratic process, embedded in the organisation and management of everyday life, a rich source of entertainment and leisure. The newspaper is in decline, but the appetite for news, and commentary on news, has never been greater, serviced today in a media environment increasingly dominated by online platforms. The rapidly changing nature of this environment presents huge challenges, as well as opportunities, for journalists, news organisation, and journalism researchers. How, for example, to engage with and understand the impact of social networking on journalism, or the cultural chaos unleashed by Wikileaks? How to define even what journalism is anymore, when news coexists with so many hybrid forms, and the professional journalist is increasingly challenged by the content-generating user?
In this lecture Brian McNair will present his assessment of the key issues and agendas for journalism researchers in 2011. What do we need to know about journalism and its evolving relationship to societies which are digitised, networked, globalised as never before? What contribution can the scholar make to the maintenance and regulation of 'quality' journalism in contexts where economics, technology and politics may threaten it? What is 'quality' journalism, indeed?
Drawing on nearly three decades as a journalism scholar, and an extensive portfolio of research and publication in the field, Professor McNair will seek to identify the key research questions facing journalism scholars in Australia and overseas, and the emerging methodologies being developed to answer them.
ADDRESSING MINORITY HUMAN RIGHTS CONCERNS WITH INSIGHTTerence Morris
Representation of minority groups in mainstream media is essential to ensure diversity in content and in the make-up and structures of media bodies themselves. However, the constant struggles of media organizations to survive in competitive marketplaces where priorities are to reach maximum audiences and advertisers can be hampered.
10. Perspective
the terrorist’s
the victim’ s
The general publics.
11. CAUSES
Poverty and Economic Inequalities
Globalization
Science and Technology
Media Sensation
Ethnicity
Myopic Policies of Government
Dispossession
Illiteracy
Marginalization
11
12. Media is the major cause of
inculcating terrorism especially
through cartoons
13.
14. consequences
Lack of Tourists.
Economy downturn.
Price inflation.
Innocent people will die.
Destruction to the place / sight
where bomb blast occurred.
Money to compensate injured
people.
Fear inculcating in minds of people.
15. Remedies
Establish rule of law
Educational & development
reforms
Empowerment of youth
Coherence with religion
Control over media
Democratic rule
