IBN KHALDUN (1332-1406) analyzed the rise and decline of states and civilizations. He identified key factors including: - States rise due to strong group solidarity (asabiyyah) and are founded on military might and financial support. - Decline is due to the weakening of religious influence, the rise of luxury, and rulers becoming isolated from and controlled by unrelated groups. - Decline happens in five stages: overcoming enemies, autocratic rule, leisure, contentment, and finally wastefulness and lavishness. - Urbanization influences factors like population size, occupations, income levels, social behaviors, and rates of change between nomadic (badawa

1. IBN KHALDUN
1332-1406
IBN KHALDUN
1332-1406

2. THE RISE AND DECLINE OF A STATE/
CIVILIZATION
THE RISE AND DECLINE OF A STATE/
CIVILIZATION
• Qualities of Rulers
• Well informed about, and well acquainted with, the
members of his group
• Humility in dealing with his people and respect for their
feelings.
• Follow the dictum of expediency
• Mildness in political behaviour
• Not too clever
• Seek help from his fellow men
• Belongs to people who possess a strong asabiyah

3. Foundations of stateFoundations of state
• Asabiyyah: in force and soldiers
• Money/ supports force and maintains
government functions.

4. Factors for the decline of the stateFactors for the decline of the state
• The weakening of the religious influence
• Luxury
• The ruler’s reliance on helpers and partisans from
groups unrelated to the state or to his asabiyyah.
• Seclusion of, and control over, the ruler by
others.
• Tyranny
• The encroachment of political instability into
economic conditions.

5. The Phases of a state’s declineThe Phases of a state’s decline
• Five stages or phases
• Overcoming the enemy and the adversary
• Ruler governs his people autocratically and isolated
himself from them
• Leisure and tranquil life
• Contentment and peacefulness
• Wastefulness and lavishness

6. UrbanizationUrbanization
• Factors:
• Town planning p. 184
• Size and density, p. 85

7. Urbanization:
Badawa and Hadara
Urbanization:
Badawa and Hadara
• Comparison: p. 96-98, 100
– Life
– Population size
– Occupations
– Specialization
– Income
– Courage
– Leadership
– Asabiyyah
– Purity of lineage
– Life style
– Religiosity
– Change
– Social control
– learning