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Counselling: Goals and Process
- 1. Dr Neeta Gupta Associate Professor Department of psychology Certified Practitioner of EFT & REBT (London) & CBT (Scotland) DAV PG College Dehradun Counselling: Goals & Process
- 2. Counselling is: 1.The process that occurs when a client and counsellor set aside time to explore difficulties which may include the stressful or emotional feelings of the client. 2.The act of helping the client to see things more clearly, possibly from a different view-point. This can enable the client to focus on feelings, experiences or behaviour, with a goal of facilitating positive change.
- 3. A relationship of trust. Confidentiality is paramount to successful counselling. Professional counsellors will usually explain their policy on confidentiality. They may, however, be required by law to disclose information if they believe that there is a risk to life.
- 4. Counselling is a type of talking therapy that allows a person to talk about their problems and feelings in a confidential and dependable environment.The counsellor helps you to address your problems in a positive way by helping you to clarify the issues, explore options, develop Strategies and increase Self awareness. For some people, just the process of telling their story to a counsellor, and being listened to, is helpful.”
- 5. What should we not consider as counselling? • Giving advice • Pass on own judgement. • Attempting to sort out the problems of the client • Expecting or encouraging a client to behave in a way in which the counsellor may have behaved when confronted with a similar problem in their own life • Getting emotionally involved with the client • Looking at a client's problems from your own perspective, based on your own value system.
- 7. Why people seek counselling : • communication and relationships issues • stress, anxiety and depression • life transitions such as the birth of a new baby, separation, divorce or thedeath of a family memberor friend • parenting • addiction & abuse • psychological trauma
- 8. Improving Relationships Enhancing Coping Skills Promoting Decision-Making Facilitating Client Potential Facilitating Behaviour Change Goals of Counselling:
- 9. 1.Enhancing Coping Skills Most of us do not completely achieve all of our developmental tasks within a lifetime. All of the unique expectations and requirements imposed on us by others will eventually lead to problems. Learned coping patterns, however, maynot always work. New interpersonal demands may create an overload and produce excessive anxiety and difficulty for the individual.
- 10. Ways to enhance Coping 1.Relaxation. Engaging in relaxing activities, or practicing calming techniques, can help to manage stress and improve overall coping. 2.Physical recreation. Regular exercise, such as running, or team sports, is a good way to handle the stress of given situation. 3. Stay in your time zone. 4. Re-label what’s happening. 5.Fact-check your thoughts.
- 11. 6. Follow the 3-3-3 rule. Look around you and name three things you see. Then, name three sounds you hear. Finally, move three parts of your body -- your ankle, fingers, or arm. According to Chansky whenever you feel your brain going 100 miles per hour, this mental trick can help center your mind, bringing you back to the present moment.
- 12. 7.Just do something. Stand up, take a walk, throw away a piece of trash from your desk -- any action that interrupts your train of thoughthelps you regain a sense ofcontrol, Chansky suggests. 8. Ask for a second opinion. 9. Watch a funny video.
- 13. 2.Improving Relationships Inadequate social skills cause individuals to act defensively in relationships. Typical social difficulties can be observed in family, marital and peer group interaction (e.g., the troubled elementary school child).
- 14. REBOOT PLEASE R=Respectful E=Empathetic, B=Be Appreciative O=Okay to disagree, O=Open(Share) T=Thankful(Gratitude) P=Put Ur Phone away L=Listen, E=Establish boundaries showing others what you stand for and what you will and won’t allow in your A=Avoid Assumptions & Presumption S=Sincere E=Eye Contact People will forget what you said. People will forget what you did. People will never forget how you made them feel. One of the deepest human desires is to feel understood. life
- 15. What are the three C's in a healthy relationship? 1.Communication 2.Compromise and 3.Commitment
- 16. 3.Promoting Decision-Making The goal of counselling is to enable the individual to make critical decisions regarding alternative courses of action without outside influence. Counselling will help individuals obtain information, and to clarify emotional concerns that may interfere with or be related to the decisions involved.
- 17. Ways to improve Decision-Making: 3 C’s of decision making: 1.CLARIFY what decision do you need to make. 2. CONSIDER the possible alternatives and the consequences of choosing each alternative; collect any additional information needed. 3.CHOOSE the best alternative for you and take the necessary action.
- 18. 4.Facilitating Client Potential Counsellors will work to help people learn how to overcome, for example, excessive substance use and to better take care of their bodies. Counsellors will also assist in overcoming drug addiction, compulsive gambling and obesity, as well as anxiety, shyness and depression.
- 19. How to facilitate Client potential: Brainstorming – generating ideas, expanding new possibilities, or developing strategies. Example: “Let's come up with all the ways you can have fun while getting the results you want.” ... It usually results in the clients' stepping into more than they originally thought possible.
- 20. 5.Facilitating Behaviour Change Most theorists indicate that the goal of counselling is to bring about change in behaviour that will enable the client to be more productive as they define their life within society’s limitations.
- 21. Ways to facilitate Behaviour Change : 1.Instruction provision (teaching the behaviour), 2.self-monitoring (recording behaviour, e.g. writing a food diary), and 3.relapse prevention (problem solving and identifying coping strategies), 4.Prompting (to stimulate behaviour, e.g. telephone reminder), 5.Personalised messages (tailored to stage of change, resources and context), 6.Goal-setting (e.g. step-goals monitored with pedometer)
- 22. 8.Express empathy (through reflective listening) 9.Develop discrepancy (between the individual's goals and their current behaviour) 10.Roll with resistance (acknowledge and explore the individual's resistance to change, rather than opposing it) 11.Support self-efficacy. Readiness to change: Do you have the resources and knowledge to make a lasting change successfully? Barriers to change: Is there anything preventing you from changing? Likelihood of relapse: What might trigger a return to a former behavior?
- 23. Counselling Process: The counselling process is a planned, structured dialogue between a counsellor and a client. It is a cooperative process in which a trained professional helps a person called the client to identify sources of difficulties or concerns that he or she is experiencing. Initial Disclosure In-Depth Exploration Goal Setting Counselling Intervention Evaluation, Termination
- 24. 1.Initial Disclosure-Relationship Building The Counsellor should win over the client with his strategic convincing communication skills. Communication skills play a vital role in this initial disclosure stage. Rapport formation.
- 25. Some Non helpful behaviour Advice giving Lecturing Excessive questioning Storytelling Asking why?
- 26. 2.In-depth Exploration: Problem Assessment While the counsellor and the client are in the process of establishing a relationship, a second. process is taking place, i.e. problem assessment. This step involves the collection and classification of information about the client's life situation and reasons for seeking counselling.
- 27. 3.Commitment to Action: Goal Setting Goal setting is an extension of the diagnosis or assessment process. During the assessment process, the goal is to determine what problems or concerns the client wants to work on in counseling. In goal setting, the clinician and client identify specific areas they want to work on in the counseling process.
- 28. Steps of Goal Setting: 1. Start by identifying broad motives, hopes, and dreams. 2. Choose a theme to focus on. You might come to therapy feeling like your life is a total disaster. Where do you even begin? Your bad habits are affecting your health, your finances, and your relationships. You're having trouble getting on track with anything.
- 29. 4. Narrow your theme into one or more specific goals eg I want to cope with stress and get my normal life and energy back.“ 5. Make your goals concrete, measurable, and SMART. Specific,Measurable Achievable, Relevant, Time-bound
- 30. 4.Counselling Intervention: The intervention process is about choosing the appropriate counselling techniques that will encourage growth within your client. It is about empowering them, with your counseling skills, to find their own solutions. The purpose of the intervention counseling is to get the addict into treatment or help of Some sort.
- 31. 5.Evaluation,Termination,Follow up or Referrals Evaluating means to review how the counselee has taken the action in order to achieve the goal and in view of the plans how far the client is progressing. Assessment or evaluation of client’s progress is an ongoing process which begins right in the first stage. Counselling should never be abruptly terminated. The termination of counselling is Systematically done after following a series of steps.
- 32. The counsellor during the evaluation and termination stage ensures the followings: 1. Evaluating readiness for termination of counselling process; 2. Letting the client know in advance about the termination of counselling; 3. Discuss with client the readiness for termination 4. Review the course of action plan;
- 33. 5. Emphasis the client’s role in effecting change; 6. Warning against the danger of ‘flight into health’; 7.Discussion of follow up sessions; and 8. Assuring the availability of counsellor in case of relapse into dysfunction.