This document discusses soap. It defines soap as a chemical substance made from natural oils or fats combined with sodium hydroxide or another strong alkali, which is used for washing and cleaning when combined with water. It lists five common types of soap and explains that the process of making soap is called saponification, which can use sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide as a catalyst.

1. Textile
Chemistry

2. Soap
Prepared by:
Utso Kumar Saha
ID No: 161-23-4622

3. Soap
Soap is a chemical substance which
we used with water for washing and
cleaning. It is made of natural oils or
fats with sodium hydroxide or another
strong alkali.

4. Types Of Soap
1. Laundry soap
2. Kitchen Soap
3. Liquid Soap
4. Perfumed Soap
5. Cleaning Soap.

5. Soap

6. Preparation of Soap
The process of preparation of soap is
known as “ Saponification ”.
Saponification is two types on the basis
of using catalyst. i.e.
1. NaOH
2. KOH

7. Preparation of Soap

8. Mechanism of Cleaning
The name of soap molecule is micelles.

9. Mechanism of Cleaning
Hydrophobic end attached to the
dust, oil, grease, dirt or the materials
which we want to remove, detaching
takes place, get suspended in water
and can easily removed.

10. Mechanism of Cleaning

11. Advantages of Soap
1. Soap are cheaper and readily
available.
2. Soaps are 100% biodegradable.
3. It works for cleaning clothes with
soft water.

12. Disadvantages of Soap
1. Soaps does not works well with hard water
containing Ca2+,Mg2+
2. Soap is not suitable for washing woolen
garments.
3. Soaps are less effective in saline water
and acidic water.