Smoking represents the most readily preventable risk factor for morbidity and mortality.
Smoking related disease will kill one in 10 adults globally.
There are more than 6 million smoker in KSA that represent about 30% from population in 2004.
Smoking and Cardiovascular Disease:
coronary artery disease
cardiac arrhythmias.
Atherosclerosis
Cigarette smoking increases blood cholesterol levels, causing a buildup of arterial plaque that narrows the blood vessels over time.
Blood Clots
Low Blood Oxygen
stroke
It is a slide show about tobacco. It can be used for college seminars & other seminar related to cancer or tobacco......For description you can collect info's from internet of all slides.....A little editing is required as your need....
It is a slide show about tobacco. It can be used for college seminars & other seminar related to cancer or tobacco......For description you can collect info's from internet of all slides.....A little editing is required as your need....
Smoking Kills Power point presentationHafizMImran1
Smoking Kills Power point presentation.
we cover the Topics.
1.Introduction of Smoking
2.Smoking
3.Cigarette
4.Statistics of smoking
5.Why Do people Smoking
6.Advantages and Disadvantages
7.Diseases caused by smoking
8.Effect of smoking on the body
9.Smoking in Islam
10.How to Quit Smoking
11.Reason for Quitting Smoking
12.Conclusion
#smoking kills
Discover the effects of smoking on your finances,society,health,environment and unborn baby.These slides will open your eyes to the harmful effects of tobacco,so,much so that you won't want to touch it again.
Smoking Kills Power point presentationHafizMImran1
Smoking Kills Power point presentation.
we cover the Topics.
1.Introduction of Smoking
2.Smoking
3.Cigarette
4.Statistics of smoking
5.Why Do people Smoking
6.Advantages and Disadvantages
7.Diseases caused by smoking
8.Effect of smoking on the body
9.Smoking in Islam
10.How to Quit Smoking
11.Reason for Quitting Smoking
12.Conclusion
#smoking kills
Discover the effects of smoking on your finances,society,health,environment and unborn baby.These slides will open your eyes to the harmful effects of tobacco,so,much so that you won't want to touch it again.
Patient recruitment & retention is highlighted as the key factor in ensuring study success, the area of patient retention in clinical trials is often overlooked. Retention of patients throughout the life of a clinical trial is however extremely vital from scientific as well as economic point of view. Poor recruitment & retention negatively impacts on the overall evaluable data for regulatory submissions. Dropped participants must be replaced which incurs further expenditures and time delays. Subject dropout rates are estimated to range from 15-40% of enrolled participants in clinical trials.
Effect of Cigarette Smoking on cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems
Discuss the epidemiology of smoking in KSA
List the ill-health effects of smoking on CVS and respiratory system and describe their patho-physiology.
E-Cigarette
Although still awaiting FDA approval, electronic cigarettes, or e-cigarettes, are growing in popularity among those attempting to quit smoking. E-cigarettes give users a craving for nicotine and physical sensations. While allegedly reducing the amount of chemicals, and smoke regularly found in cigarettes. The side effects of e-cigarettes are not extreme; such as prescription NRTs nor are they acting as slow; as other nicotine replacements.
Physiological effects of smoking on the respiratory system & all other system...martinshaji
HAPPY PHARMACIST DAY
smoking can damage all human body systems in a really bad manner ....this study explains all about these by system wise
please comment
thank you
Etiopathogenesis and pharmacotherapy of COPD
a. the pathophysiology of selected disease states and the rationale for drug therapy;
b. the therapeutic approach to management of these diseases;
c. the controversies in drug therapy;
d. the importance of preparation of individualised therapeutic plans based on diagnosis;
e. needs to identify the patient-specific parameters relevant in initiating drug therapy,
and monitoring therapy (including alternatives, time-course of clinical and laboratory
indices of therapeutic response and adverse effects);
f. describe the pathophysiology of selected disease states and explain the rationale for
drug therapy;
g. summarise the therapeutic approach to management of these diseases including
reference to the latest available evidence;
h. discuss the controversies in drug therapy;
i. discuss the preparation of individualised therapeutic plans based on diagnosis; and
j. identify the patient-specific parameters relevant in initiating drug therapy, and
monitoring therapy (including alternatives, time-course of clinical and laboratory
indices of therapeutic response and adverse effects).
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
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We specializes in exporting high quality Research chemical, medical intermediate, Pharmaceutical chemicals and so on. Products are exported to USA, Canada, France, Korea, Japan,Russia, Southeast Asia and other countries.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
1. Effect of Cigarette Smoking on
cardiovascular and Respiratory
Systems
Anas saad alsaab
331103594
Supervisor : dr. Tahir
الرحيم الرحمن ال بسم
2. Objectives :
Discuss the epidemiology of smoking in KSA
List the ill-health effects of smoking on CVS and
respiratory system and describe their patho-physiology.
3. Discuss the epidemiology of smoking in KSA
Smoking represents the most readily preventable risk
factor for morbidity and mortality.
• Smoking related disease will kill one in 10 adults
globally.
• There are more than 6 million smoker in KSA that
represent about 30% from population in 2004.
4. But this number was increase in 2010 about 9
million smoker.
There are 30 thousand of Arabian Gulf dead.
Most of them from KSA about(21.782) in 2008.
Saudi people spend 16.5 Billion every year.
5. • The prevalence of current smoking in Saudi Arabia ranges
from 2.4-52.3% (median = 17.5%).
• Among school students, the prevalence of current smoking
ranges from 12-29.8% (median = 16.5%),
• among university students from 2.4-37% (median = 13.5%),
• and among adults from 11.6-52.3% (median = 22.6%).
• In elderly people, the prevalence of current smoking is 25%.
• while in females it ranges from 1-16% (median = 9%).
smoking is prevalent in the Saudi population at different age
groups. The prevalence of current smoking is much higher
in males than in females at different ages.
6. Prevalence of smoking among health care
professionals
• Different studies showed that smoking prevalence is
quite high among health care workers even though
they know the harmful effects of active and passive
smoking.
• Local study was carried out among health staffs in a
primary care unit at a general hospital in Riyadh
region, which showed that there were 19% smokers,
14% ex-smokers.
7. List the ill-health effects of smoking on CVS and respiratory system
and describe their patho-physiology.
• Smoking and Cardiovascular Disease:
• coronary artery disease
• cardiac arrhythmias.
• Atherosclerosis
• Cigarette smoking increases blood cholesterol levels, causing a buildup of arterial
plaque that narrows the blood vessels over time.
• Blood Clots
• Low Blood Oxygen
• stroke
8. coronary artery disease
• most common type of heart disease and cause of heart attacks .
• The disease is caused by plaque building up along the inner walls of the arteries of
the heart, which narrows the arteries and reduces blood flow to the heart.
• causes ischemia myocardial cells.lack of oxygen and this is called a myocardial
infarction, it leads to heart muscle damage
•
• artery's lining becomes hardened, stiffened, and swollen including : calcium
deposits, fatty deposits, and abnormal inflammatory cells - to form a plaque.
• Deposits of calcium phosphates (hydroxyapatites) in the muscular layer of the blood
vessels appear to play not only a significant role in stiffening arteries but also for the
induction of an early phase of coronary arteriosclerosis
9.
10. effects of smoking on respiratory system
• Damage to the respiratory system from cigarette smoking is slow,
progressive, and deadly
• The mucus produced by the respiratory tubules traps dirt and disease-
causing organisms, which cilia sweep toward the mouth, where it can be
eliminated.
• chronic bronchitis
• lung cancer
• Emphysema
• pulmonary hypertension
• blood clots and pulmonary embolism
• oral cancer.
• The cilia in trachea and bronchi are anaesthetised so they no longer move mucus and pathogens away
from your lung so you are more likely to get infections of the breathing system. Long term you may also
develop a 'smoker's cough'
11. 2- Chronic Bronchitis:
- is defined as a persistent productive cough for at least 3 consecutive months in at least
2 consecutive years
- is common among cigarette smokers
- Pathogenesis:
- caused by cigarette smoking
- also associated with air pollution, infection, genetic factors
- These irritants induce: -hypertrophy of mucous glands
- increase in goblet cells
- mucus hypersecretion develops
- bronchial or bronchiolar mucus plug, inflammation (chronic bronchitis)
12. Pathogenesis: two mechanisms involved:
1- protease- antiprotease mechanism:
- emphysema arises as a consequence of imbalances between pulmonary proteases
and antiproteases
- the imbalance results in tissue destruction and loss of alveolar walls
- proteases secreted by neutrophils (elastase)
- antiproteases: - present in serum, tissue fluids, and macrophages (α1-Antitrypsin)
- tobacco smoke (and other factors: air pollution, genetics (α1-Antitrypsin deficiency)
causes: 1- recruitment of inflammatory cells (neutrophils, macrophages)
2- release of elastase
3- free radical release that inactivating antitrypsin
- imbalance between proteases and antiproteases
- leading to tissue damage with enlargement of airspaces
13. - those with congenital antitrypsin deficiency are at risk to develop
emphysema at younger age if they smoke
2- Oxidant – antioxidant mechanism:
- in lungs present antioxidants (dismutase)
- they prevent oxidative tissue damage
- tobacco induces free radicals release that deplete
antioxidant in lung and causes tissue damage
17. Recourses
*Siddiqui S, Ogbeide D. Profile of smoking amongst health staff in a primary care unit at a general hospital in Riyadh,
Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J 2001; 22:1101-04.
*- Abol Fotouh M, Abdel Aziz M, Alakija w, Al-Safy A, Khattab M, Mirdad S, etal. Smoking habits
of King Saud university students in Abha, Saudi Arabia. Ann Saudi Med 1998;18:212-16
*Al- shahri M, Al Almaie S. promotion of non-smoking: The role of primary health care
physicians. Ann Saudi Med 1997;17:515-17
*Behbehani N, Hamadeh R, Macklali N. Knowledge and attitude towards tobacco control among
smoking and non smoking physicians in 2 Gulf Arab States. Saudi Med J 2004;25:585-91
http://classic.aawsat.com/details.asp?
article=225658&issueno=9252#.VCGdNJR_tc
http://www.alamal.med.sa/news101.shtml
http://www.alriyadh.com/867418
http://www.oxygen.org.au/hardfacts/health-effects-of-smoking
Dr slalah