1) Smog is a type of air pollution that is a mixture of smoke and fog. It reduces visibility and is caused by emissions from vehicles, industry, and other sources reacting with sunlight. 2) There are two main types of smog: industrial smog caused by coal burning and contains high sulfur dioxide, and photochemical smog which forms when nitrogen oxides and VOCs from vehicles react with sunlight in urban areas. 3) Smog causes various health effects like respiratory illness and death, and damages crops, forests and buildings. Control methods include reducing emissions through regulations, energy efficiency, and using alternatives to burning biomass and fossil fuels.

1. SMOG: AWERNES &
CONTROL
Rohina Tabassam

2. SMOG: Awareness & Control
Smog
Types of Smog
• Classic/ Industrial Smog
• Photochemical Smog Causes/ Sources
Effects Control/Remedies Environmental Legislation

4. SMOG
The word smog was first used in London in 1905 by Dr. Henry Antoine Des Voeux.
Smog is a air pollution that reduce the visibility, and mixture of smoke and fog in the
air
These compounds leave airborne debris and lower level ozone. Mixture of air
pollutants in the environment,
A mixture of numerous gases burnt fumes and fuels from cars and industry along with
dust, sand, smoke, pollen and water vapors
Smog is yellowish or blackish in color

5. Types of SMOG
• Also known sometimes “London Smog”
& “Sulfurous Smog”
• High concentration of sulfur oxides in
the air and is caused by the use of sulfur-
bearing fossil fuels, particularly coal and
power plant
• Combined with high concentration of
suspended particulate matter in the air.
• Grayish in Color
Industrial
Smog

6. Types of SMOG
• Today, most of the smog we see is
photochemical smog
• Also known as “Los Angeles smog,”.
• occurs most prominently in urban
areas that have large numbers of
automobiles. It requires neither smoke
nor fog
• Photochemical smog is produced
when sunlight reacts with nitrogen
oxides and at least one volatile organic
compound (VOC) in the atmosphere.
Photochemical
Smog

7. Types of SMOG
• Nitrogen oxides come from car
exhaust, coal power plants, and
factory emissions. VOCs are released
from gasoline, paints, and many
cleaning solvents.
• When sunlight hits these chemicals,
they form airborne particles and
ground-level ozone—or smog.
• Brownish in Color
Photochemical
Smog

8. • Barbecues and domestic emissions
• Increasingly high polluted environment.
• Large number of factories, heavy traffic,
extraordinary construction work and
unchecked cutting of trees due to
urbanization
• There are around 20,000 brick kilns in
Pakistan. Many are located around urban
areas and contribute significantly to air
pollution
• Lawnmowers, oil based solvent, Paints and
Cleaners
• Pesticides, Pollutants carried by the winds
Causes/Sources

9. • Open residue burning is a common
practice in many areas of the world
including China, India, Pakistan, Nepal,
and Indonesia
• Every year in October to November
farmers burns crop residues after
harvesting which results in poor air
quality in the region of Punjab
• Levels of particulate matter (PM2.5) in
Lahore touched levels of 1,077
micrograms per cubic meter whereas
permissible limit in Pakistan is 35 µg/m3
(WHO).
Causes/Sources

10. • Seven million people die every year
from the effects of air pollution. More
than 90% of such deaths are in
developing countries
• Ground level ozone present in the smog
also inhibits plant growth and causes
immense damage to crops and forests.
Crops, vegetables like soybeans, wheat,
tomatoes, peanuts, and cotton are
subject to infection when they are
exposed to smog
Effects

11. • Smog is unhealthy to humans and
animals, and it can kill plants. It makes
the sky brown or gray
• Heavy smog results in low production of
the crucial natural element vitamin D
leading to cases of rickets among
people.
• Eye, nose and throat irritation,
Decreased lung function, Aggravation of
respiratory or heart disease, in some
cases death
Effects

12. • Urban Plantation
• Conserve energy at home, at work, everywhere
• Drive less. Walk, bike, carpool, and use public
transportation whenever possible
• Take care of cars. Getting regular tune-ups,
changing oil on schedule, and inflating tires to the
proper level can improve gas mileage and reduce
emissions.
• Fuel up during the cooler hours of the day—night
or early morning. This prevents gas fumes from
heating up and producing ozone.
Control/Remedies

13. • Look for the Energy Star label when
buying equipment for office and home
.
• Use Environment friendly and low-VOC
paints and cleaning products.
• Avoid gas-powered yard equipment,
Use electric appliances instead.
• Mulch or compost leave and yard
waste, avoid burn trash and other
material openly
Control/Remedies

14. • Go for EIA/IEE for Chemical, Textile,
Manufacturing, Construction, Oil & Gas
Industries and Power plants
• Carbon Credits
• UFOR Models
• OSH & ISO Quality and Quantity Standards
• Air Pollutant Criteria NAAQS
• Polluter Pays Policies
• Strongly Implement Environmental
legislation
Environmental
Legislation