This document discusses animal genetic resources and the need for a broader concept of access and benefit-sharing. It notes that many multi-functional livestock breeds have been developed by pastoralists and smallholder communities to cope in challenging environments. These animals provide adaptive traits that will be important for climate change adaptation. However, their functionality depends not just on genes but also learned behavior within their social and ecological contexts. Thus, these livestock resources can only be conserved in-situ within these communities, not in gene banks. A wider concept of access and benefit-sharing is needed to create real benefits for pastoralists and livestock keepers in order to ensure the long-term survival of these genetic resources.
Animal Agriculture In Developing CountriesMarkTapper
This document discusses animal agriculture in developing countries. It outlines the contributions of livestock production, including food, fiber, fertilizer, transportation, employment, and as a savings account. Livestock are well-suited to developing countries as they can utilize various feedstuffs and environments. Challenges include increasing population, market pressures, sustainability issues, and climate change. Solutions proposed include supporting local production systems, improving access to resources and markets, and increasing knowledge of husbandry practices.
Animal breeding for reduced poverty and improved food security in developing ...ILRI
Presented by Karen Marshall at the John Vercoe Memorial Lecture on the Association for Animal Breeding and Genetics (AAABG) Conference, Australia, 28-30 September 2015
The global livestock sector: Opportunities and challengesILRI
The global livestock sector faces many challenges in sustainably meeting the growing demand for food while balancing trade-offs between efficiency, livelihoods, and the environment. Key issues include climate change, water and land scarcity, disease risks, and debates around large versus small-scale production systems. Addressing these complex challenges will require reliable assessments of hard trade-offs and achieving equity across scales from local to global.
Animal Agriculture In Developing CountriesMarkTapper
The document discusses the benefits of animal agriculture in developing countries. It provides livestock production allows farmers greater control over their assets by providing reproducible assets like cows that can produce multiple times. Livestock also provides farmers with transportation, employment, savings and cash. However, the increasing population is putting pressure on resources and industrialized agriculture may undermine local small farmers. There are debates around the ethical implications of different agricultural approaches.
The document discusses agriculture and livestock in Pakistan. It provides details on:
1. The major crops grown in Pakistan which contribute significantly to GDP, including wheat, rice, cotton, sugarcane and others.
2. The livestock sector, which accounts for 9% of GDP, includes cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats and others.
3. The various indigenous animal breeds found in Pakistan and the need for further characterization of these breeds at the phenotypic and genetic levels.
This document discusses animal genetic resources and the need for a broader concept of access and benefit-sharing. It notes that many multi-functional livestock breeds have been developed by pastoralists and smallholder communities to cope in challenging environments. These animals provide adaptive traits that will be important for climate change adaptation. However, their functionality depends not just on genes but also learned behavior within their social and ecological contexts. Thus, these livestock resources can only be conserved in-situ within these communities, not in gene banks. A wider concept of access and benefit-sharing is needed to create real benefits for pastoralists and livestock keepers in order to ensure the long-term survival of these genetic resources.
Animal Agriculture In Developing CountriesMarkTapper
This document discusses animal agriculture in developing countries. It outlines the contributions of livestock production, including food, fiber, fertilizer, transportation, employment, and as a savings account. Livestock are well-suited to developing countries as they can utilize various feedstuffs and environments. Challenges include increasing population, market pressures, sustainability issues, and climate change. Solutions proposed include supporting local production systems, improving access to resources and markets, and increasing knowledge of husbandry practices.
Animal breeding for reduced poverty and improved food security in developing ...ILRI
Presented by Karen Marshall at the John Vercoe Memorial Lecture on the Association for Animal Breeding and Genetics (AAABG) Conference, Australia, 28-30 September 2015
The global livestock sector: Opportunities and challengesILRI
The global livestock sector faces many challenges in sustainably meeting the growing demand for food while balancing trade-offs between efficiency, livelihoods, and the environment. Key issues include climate change, water and land scarcity, disease risks, and debates around large versus small-scale production systems. Addressing these complex challenges will require reliable assessments of hard trade-offs and achieving equity across scales from local to global.
Animal Agriculture In Developing CountriesMarkTapper
The document discusses the benefits of animal agriculture in developing countries. It provides livestock production allows farmers greater control over their assets by providing reproducible assets like cows that can produce multiple times. Livestock also provides farmers with transportation, employment, savings and cash. However, the increasing population is putting pressure on resources and industrialized agriculture may undermine local small farmers. There are debates around the ethical implications of different agricultural approaches.
The document discusses agriculture and livestock in Pakistan. It provides details on:
1. The major crops grown in Pakistan which contribute significantly to GDP, including wheat, rice, cotton, sugarcane and others.
2. The livestock sector, which accounts for 9% of GDP, includes cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats and others.
3. The various indigenous animal breeds found in Pakistan and the need for further characterization of these breeds at the phenotypic and genetic levels.
The power of indigenous breeds for rural transformation - presentation given ...Dr Ilse Koehler-Rollefson
This presentation summarizes some of the reasons why indigenous livestock breeds are the foundation for sustainable rural development and why devloping countries should not follow the "western path" of increasing production at al costs, by means of imported genetics and animal feed.
My best effort is to collect good information for students,and then provide them as like. so follow me and aso provide me your good feedbecks in comments bar.
thank you all!
Ruminant Reality:Diet, Human Health and the EnvironmentPeter Ballerstedt
This document summarizes a presentation on ruminant agriculture and its role in human health, the environment, and sustainability. Some key points include:
- Ruminants play an essential ecological role by converting plant materials inedible to humans into high-quality animal proteins and fats through microbial fermentation.
- Ruminant agriculture provides most of the world's supply of essential nutrients like B12 and supports the livelihoods of millions of farmers globally.
- The majority of agricultural lands and forages are not suitable for growing human food crops but can support grazing ruminants. Ruminants recycle nutrients and improve soil health.
- Production of ruminant foods will need to increase
“Future & Scope In Animal Husbandry Areas’’Harsh Mishra
This document discusses the scope and future of animal husbandry in India. It notes that animal husbandry provides livelihoods for many rural households and contributes significantly to agricultural GDP. While productivity remains low compared to global averages, the livestock sector is growing and demand for animal products is rising with economic development. Improving genetic potential through crossbreeding and better management practices can boost productivity and alleviate poverty. The future of animal husbandry lies in meeting the growing demand through increased productivity in a sustainable and inclusive manner.
Meat and Veg: Livestock and vegetable researchers are natural, high-value, pa...ILRI
Livestock and vegetable researchers are natural partners to help improve livelihoods and nutrition for the world's poor. Livestock provide manure to fertilize vegetable crops on mixed smallholder farms, while vegetable residues can be used as animal feed. Even small amounts of animal source foods and vegetables in diets help nourish people relying mainly on starchy staples. Research is needed on integrated livestock and vegetable production systems, food safety, and developing markets to ensure the poor benefit.
Global health and sustainable food security: Why the livestock sectors of dev...ILRI
Presented by Jimmy Smith at the Global Animal Health Conference on Developing Global Animal Health Products to Support Food Security and Sustainability, Arlington, Virginia, 17−18 October 2013
The interplay of knowledge and natural resources: Ensuring the health, wealth...ILRI
Presented by Jimmy Smith at the Tropentag 2014 Conference on Bridging the gap between
increasing knowledge and decreasing resources, Prague, 17−19 September 2014
1) Livestock, especially cattle, sheep, and goats, play an important role in the livelihoods of those living in spate-irrigated areas of several countries, including Eritrea, Ethiopia, Pakistan, Sudan, and Yemen. They are a source of income, savings, and draft power for tasks like soil management.
2) The document describes several indigenous livestock breeds found in the spate-irrigated regions of these countries, noting their characteristics and adaptations to local semi-arid environments. It also discusses some of the production systems and transhumance practices used by farmers and pastoralists in the areas.
3) However, many of these local breeds are under threat due
11.rabbit farming a potential approach towards rural poverty alleviationAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a research paper on rabbit farming as a potential approach to alleviate rural poverty in Bangladesh. Some key points:
- Rabbit farming has potential but is not widely popular in Bangladesh yet as a source of income or protein. It could help improve rural livelihoods and nutrition.
- Rabbits reproduce quickly, are easy to raise, and can produce a large amount of meat annually with minimal space. They do not depend on grain like poultry.
- A case study from Mymensingh district shows rabbit rearing growing in popularity as more families adopt it. Rabbit meat and fur can be sold domestically or exported.
- Wider promotion of rabbit farming through training, credit
Rabbit farming a potential approach towards rural poverty alleviationAlexander Decker
This document summarizes the potential for rabbit farming to alleviate rural poverty in Bangladesh. It discusses how rabbit farming provides a source of income and nutrition for rural families. Rabbits reproduce quickly, require little space, and their meat and fur can be sold. The document also presents a case study from Mymensingh district showing over 1,800 families now raise rabbits. It concludes that rabbit farming could help address food demands and should be promoted to inspire more farmers to take up rearing rabbits.
This document discusses the importance of domesticated animals. It notes that every country uses livestock as a source of food, byproducts for goods and animal feed, draft power, and manure for fuel and fertilizer. It also discusses trends in agricultural productivity over time in the US, with productivity doubling every 10-30 years after World War II. This led to increased livestock production and lower costs of animal products for consumers. The document also touches on the debate around human/animal food competition given increasing global population.
Maass - Using the 'livestock ladder' to exit poverty CIALCA
Presentation delivered at the CIALCA international conference 'Challenges and Opportunities to the agricultural intensification of the humid highland systems of sub-Saharan Africa'. Kigali, Rwanda, October 24-27 2011.
The document discusses conservation of indigenous animal breeds in India. It notes that India has a large livestock population, ranking first globally in buffalo and milk production. However, many native breeds are declining and some are endangered. Conservation is needed to preserve genetic diversity and resources for future use. Methods discussed include in situ conservation of live animals and ex situ conservation through cryopreservation of genetic material.
Livestock: Opportunities for addressing global development challengesILRI
Livestock play an important role in addressing global development challenges through inclusive economic growth, equitable livelihoods, improved nutrition and health, and sustainable ecosystems. Livestock contribute significantly to GDP and provide livelihoods for many smallholder farmers and landless people. However, meeting increased demand for livestock products in a sustainable way will require transforming smallholder systems through improved productivity and market access while supporting rural development and livelihoods.
The power of indigenous breeds for rural transformation - presentation given ...Dr Ilse Koehler-Rollefson
This presentation summarizes some of the reasons why indigenous livestock breeds are the foundation for sustainable rural development and why devloping countries should not follow the "western path" of increasing production at al costs, by means of imported genetics and animal feed.
My best effort is to collect good information for students,and then provide them as like. so follow me and aso provide me your good feedbecks in comments bar.
thank you all!
Ruminant Reality:Diet, Human Health and the EnvironmentPeter Ballerstedt
This document summarizes a presentation on ruminant agriculture and its role in human health, the environment, and sustainability. Some key points include:
- Ruminants play an essential ecological role by converting plant materials inedible to humans into high-quality animal proteins and fats through microbial fermentation.
- Ruminant agriculture provides most of the world's supply of essential nutrients like B12 and supports the livelihoods of millions of farmers globally.
- The majority of agricultural lands and forages are not suitable for growing human food crops but can support grazing ruminants. Ruminants recycle nutrients and improve soil health.
- Production of ruminant foods will need to increase
“Future & Scope In Animal Husbandry Areas’’Harsh Mishra
This document discusses the scope and future of animal husbandry in India. It notes that animal husbandry provides livelihoods for many rural households and contributes significantly to agricultural GDP. While productivity remains low compared to global averages, the livestock sector is growing and demand for animal products is rising with economic development. Improving genetic potential through crossbreeding and better management practices can boost productivity and alleviate poverty. The future of animal husbandry lies in meeting the growing demand through increased productivity in a sustainable and inclusive manner.
Meat and Veg: Livestock and vegetable researchers are natural, high-value, pa...ILRI
Livestock and vegetable researchers are natural partners to help improve livelihoods and nutrition for the world's poor. Livestock provide manure to fertilize vegetable crops on mixed smallholder farms, while vegetable residues can be used as animal feed. Even small amounts of animal source foods and vegetables in diets help nourish people relying mainly on starchy staples. Research is needed on integrated livestock and vegetable production systems, food safety, and developing markets to ensure the poor benefit.
Global health and sustainable food security: Why the livestock sectors of dev...ILRI
Presented by Jimmy Smith at the Global Animal Health Conference on Developing Global Animal Health Products to Support Food Security and Sustainability, Arlington, Virginia, 17−18 October 2013
The interplay of knowledge and natural resources: Ensuring the health, wealth...ILRI
Presented by Jimmy Smith at the Tropentag 2014 Conference on Bridging the gap between
increasing knowledge and decreasing resources, Prague, 17−19 September 2014
1) Livestock, especially cattle, sheep, and goats, play an important role in the livelihoods of those living in spate-irrigated areas of several countries, including Eritrea, Ethiopia, Pakistan, Sudan, and Yemen. They are a source of income, savings, and draft power for tasks like soil management.
2) The document describes several indigenous livestock breeds found in the spate-irrigated regions of these countries, noting their characteristics and adaptations to local semi-arid environments. It also discusses some of the production systems and transhumance practices used by farmers and pastoralists in the areas.
3) However, many of these local breeds are under threat due
11.rabbit farming a potential approach towards rural poverty alleviationAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a research paper on rabbit farming as a potential approach to alleviate rural poverty in Bangladesh. Some key points:
- Rabbit farming has potential but is not widely popular in Bangladesh yet as a source of income or protein. It could help improve rural livelihoods and nutrition.
- Rabbits reproduce quickly, are easy to raise, and can produce a large amount of meat annually with minimal space. They do not depend on grain like poultry.
- A case study from Mymensingh district shows rabbit rearing growing in popularity as more families adopt it. Rabbit meat and fur can be sold domestically or exported.
- Wider promotion of rabbit farming through training, credit
Rabbit farming a potential approach towards rural poverty alleviationAlexander Decker
This document summarizes the potential for rabbit farming to alleviate rural poverty in Bangladesh. It discusses how rabbit farming provides a source of income and nutrition for rural families. Rabbits reproduce quickly, require little space, and their meat and fur can be sold. The document also presents a case study from Mymensingh district showing over 1,800 families now raise rabbits. It concludes that rabbit farming could help address food demands and should be promoted to inspire more farmers to take up rearing rabbits.
This document discusses the importance of domesticated animals. It notes that every country uses livestock as a source of food, byproducts for goods and animal feed, draft power, and manure for fuel and fertilizer. It also discusses trends in agricultural productivity over time in the US, with productivity doubling every 10-30 years after World War II. This led to increased livestock production and lower costs of animal products for consumers. The document also touches on the debate around human/animal food competition given increasing global population.
Maass - Using the 'livestock ladder' to exit poverty CIALCA
Presentation delivered at the CIALCA international conference 'Challenges and Opportunities to the agricultural intensification of the humid highland systems of sub-Saharan Africa'. Kigali, Rwanda, October 24-27 2011.
The document discusses conservation of indigenous animal breeds in India. It notes that India has a large livestock population, ranking first globally in buffalo and milk production. However, many native breeds are declining and some are endangered. Conservation is needed to preserve genetic diversity and resources for future use. Methods discussed include in situ conservation of live animals and ex situ conservation through cryopreservation of genetic material.
Livestock: Opportunities for addressing global development challengesILRI
Livestock play an important role in addressing global development challenges through inclusive economic growth, equitable livelihoods, improved nutrition and health, and sustainable ecosystems. Livestock contribute significantly to GDP and provide livelihoods for many smallholder farmers and landless people. However, meeting increased demand for livestock products in a sustainable way will require transforming smallholder systems through improved productivity and market access while supporting rural development and livelihoods.
1) Farming is the worship of the five elements of nature - earth, ether, air, water and fire. The crops produced through worship become prasad (offerings), which are distributed and not sold.
2) When the farmer becomes a worshiper, the crops will become prasad. Consumers will become devotees. Then the farmer's house will become a golden temple, and there will be no poverty.
3) Natueco farming is a nature-friendly way of sustainable agriculture that aims to meet human needs while enhancing agro-ecology through balanced resource networks and biodiversity.
India has large livestock populations that are an important source of livelihoods and nutrition. There are three main production systems - low input pastoral systems, medium input crop-livestock systems, and high input intensive commercial systems. However, livestock production faces challenges of land degradation, feed and fodder deficiencies, and waste management issues due to separation of livestock and crop production. Integrated livestock production models that reuse on-farm resources in a sustainable manner can help address these challenges.
Presentation by Dr Sikhalazo Dube from ILRI, at the Regional planning meeting on ‘Scaling-Up Climate-Smart Agricultural Solutions for Cereals and Livestock Farmers in Southern Africa – Building partnership for successful implementation’,13–15 September 2016, Johannesburg, South Africa
Biodiversity, resource base, animal breed level characterization, and utility...ILRI
Presented by Tadelle Dessie (ILRI) at the ILRI-ICARDA Training Course on Methods and approaches of Phenotypic characterization of Animal Genetic Resources (Goats), Addis Ababa, 20-21 December 2012
This document summarizes information from ILRI (International Livestock Research Institute) about the role and importance of livestock globally. It makes three key points:
1. Livestock and animal source foods represent some of the most valuable global commodities, with an average annual value of $830 billion from 2007-2016. Demand for livestock products is projected to grow substantially in developing regions by 2030.
2. Livestock play a critical role in economies, livelihoods, and food security around the world. They contribute significantly to agricultural GDP and provide jobs and incomes. Over 70% of the world's rural poor rely on livestock.
3. While livestock bring opportunities, there are also challenges to be addressed
The poultry industry in Pakistan has grown significantly since the 1960s when the government began promoting its development. Key events included the launch of the country's first commercial hatchery in 1964 and policies in the 1960s-1970s that provided incentives like tax exemptions and subsidized feed. The industry has since developed further and now contributes substantially to meat and egg production, generating many jobs. However, major floods in 2010 devastated agricultural land and killed livestock, posing severe challenges to the poultry sector.
Transforming the global food systems: Challenges and opportunitiesILRI
This document summarizes a presentation given by Jimmy Smith, Director General of the International Livestock Research Institute, on challenges and opportunities in transforming global food systems. It discusses four key areas: food and nutrition security, livelihoods and economic growth, human health, and environmental health. For each area, it outlines challenges such as malnutrition, lack of access to nutritious animal-source foods, threats from zoonotic diseases, and greenhouse gas emissions from livestock. It also proposes opportunities through livestock research, such as increasing productivity to boost food and income, improving food safety, controlling diseases at the animal source to prevent pandemics, and making livestock production more environmentally sustainable.
Jimmy Smith, Director General of ILRI, outlines the importance of livestock to developing economies and proposes ways to double livestock production through better feeds. Livestock represents five of the six most valuable global commodities and production is increasing faster in developing countries. Livestock plays a key role in livelihoods, nutrition, health and ecosystems. The CGIAR could harness new science on feeds, genetics, and management to boost productivity and sustainability, improving food security and reducing poverty and emissions.
The document provides an overview of the pig industry and pig production. It discusses the history and origins of pig farming, important pig breeds, factors that influence pig production, the pig breeding cycle and targets for productivity. Pig farming has a long history and plays an important role in many countries by converting waste into meat. Modern pig production has become highly specialized and efficient at producing meat through selective breeding and specialized housing and feeding systems. Crossbreeding is used to improve traits of economic importance like growth rate and litter size.
This document discusses the various values of biodiversity. It begins by defining biodiversity as the variety of life on Earth, including different species, ecosystems, and genetic diversity. It then outlines several values of biodiversity, including consumptive use value through providing resources for food, materials, and medicines. Productive use value involves using genetic resources from biodiversity for scientific and economic purposes. Social value includes cultural and religious importance as well as supporting traditional livelihoods. Ethical and moral values recognize the right of all life forms to exist. Aesthetic value acknowledges biodiversity's beauty and role in culture. Option value refers to keeping future options open by preserving biodiversity for potential future uses that cannot be predicted.
The sharp divide: Do we need animals to feed this world safely, well, sustain...ILRI
Presentation by ILRI and Cornell University on materials from a Café at the 2nd International Conference on Global Food Security, Ithaca, USA, 13 October 2015
Achieving Agenda 2030: Livestock research and the transformation of small-sca...ILRI
1) Global demand for meat, milk, and eggs is rising rapidly in developing countries, where smallholders currently produce much of the supply.
2) Transforming smallholder livestock production into a more productive and resilient system can help achieve several UN Sustainable Development Goals and benefit women and youth.
3) Livestock research plays a key role in this transformation by developing solutions to improve productivity, health, feeding, and management practices for smallholder farmers.
Sustainability developments in big agricultureCari Rincker
Big Ag refers to major segments of the agriculture industry rather than farms of a certain size. Sustainable agriculture aims to satisfy food needs, enhance the environment, efficiently use resources, support economic viability, and improve quality of life. Key aspects of sustainability in Big Ag include food security through efficient production, environmental conservation, use of new technologies, economic viability for farmers, and improving their quality of life. Contact information is provided for those interested in learning more.
1. The UN declared 2014 the International Year of Family Farming to recognize the importance of family farms in reducing poverty and improving global food security. Family farms involve about 500 million families and over 2 billion people.
2. The document discusses challenges facing food security like population growth, climate change, and shrinking resources. It proposes solutions like the Evergreen Revolution, promoting nutritious crops, and empowering women farmers.
3. Family farming based on gender, nutrition and climate-sensitive agriculture is presented as the key to achieving long-term, sustainable food security for all.
International Year of Family Farming (IYFF) 2014mssrf
1. The UN declared 2014 the International Year of Family Farming to recognize the importance of family farms in reducing poverty and improving global food security. Family farms involve about 500 million families and over 2 billion people.
2. The document discusses challenges facing agriculture such as shrinking resources, climate change impacts, and lack of interest from youth. It promotes evergreen and green revolutions to increase sustainable productivity without ecological harm.
3. Family farming that adopts nutrition-sensitive and climate-smart practices is presented as the pathway to achieving food security for all on a long-term basis.
Similar to Livestock development in marginal areas (20)
Recycling and Disposal on SWM Raymond Einyu pptxRayLetai1
Increasing urbanization, rural–urban migration, rising standards of living, and rapid development associated with population growth have resulted in increased solid waste generation by industrial, domestic and other activities in Nairobi City. It has been noted in other contexts too that increasing population, changing consumption patterns, economic development, changing income, urbanization and industrialization all contribute to the increased generation of waste.
With the increasing urban population in Kenya, which is estimated to be growing at a rate higher than that of the country’s general population, waste generation and management is already a major challenge. The industrialization and urbanization process in the country, dominated by one major city – Nairobi, which has around four times the population of the next largest urban centre (Mombasa) – has witnessed an exponential increase in the generation of solid waste. It is projected that by 2030, about 50 per cent of the Kenyan population will be urban.
Aim:
A healthy, safe, secure and sustainable solid waste management system fit for a world – class city.
Improve and protect the public health of Nairobi residents and visitors.
Ecological health, diversity and productivity and maximize resource recovery through the participatory approach.
Goals:
Build awareness and capacity for source separation as essential components of sustainable waste management.
Build new environmentally sound infrastructure and systems for safe disposal of residual waste and replacing current dumpsites which should be commissioned.
Current solid waste management situation:
The status.
Solid waste generation rate is at 2240 tones / day
collection efficiently is at about 50%.
Actors i.e. city authorities, CBO’s , private firms and self-disposal
Current SWM Situation in Nairobi City:
Solid waste generation – collection – dumping
Good Practices:
• Separation – recycling – marketing.
• Open dumpsite dandora dump site through public education on source separation of waste, of which the situation can be reversed.
• Nairobi is one of the C40 cities in this respect , various actors in the solid waste management space have adopted a variety of technologies to reduce short lived climate pollutants including source separation , recycling , marketing of the recycled products.
• Through the network, it should expect to benefit from expertise of the different actors in the network in terms of applicable technologies and practices in reducing the short-lived climate pollutants.
Good practices:
Despite the dismal collection of solid waste in Nairobi city, there are practices and activities of informal actors (CBOs, CBO-SACCOs and yard shop operators) and other formal industrial actors on solid waste collection, recycling and waste reduction.
Practices and activities of these actor groups are viewed as innovations with the potential to change the way solid waste is handled.
CHALLENGES:
• Resource Allocation.
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.EpconLP
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
Presented by The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
Climate Change All over the World .pptxsairaanwer024
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...Joshua Orris
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...Open Access Research Paper
Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...Joshua Orris
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.tiwarimanvi3129
This presentation is for us to know that how our Environment need Attention for protection of our natural resources which are depleted day by day that's why we need to take time and shift our attention to renewable energy sources instead of non-renewable sources which are better and Eco-friendly for our environment. these renewable energy sources are so helpful for our planet and for every living organism which depends on environment.
ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.
Livestock development in marginal areas
1. Ecologically and socially sustainable
livestock development in marginal
areas
Ilse Köhler-Rollefson
23 rd International Grasslands Conference, Delhi
Ecologically and socially sustainable
livestock development in marginal
areas
Ilse Köhler-Rollefson
23 rd International Grasslands Conference, Delhi
2. people are poor,
the land is overgrazed and degraded….
the livestock inefficient….
the system unproductive….
"We need to show them how to improve"
Marginal areas = problem areas
people are poor,
the land is overgrazed and degraded….
the livestock inefficient….
the system unproductive….
"We need to show them how to improve"
3. people are poor,
the land is overgrazed
the livestock inefficient
the system unproductive
"We need to show them how to improve"
Marginal areas = problem areas
people are poor,
the land is overgrazed
the livestock inefficient
the system unproductive
"We need to show them how to improve"
4. Purpose of this paper:
to reevaluate these assumptions and show that
India's pastoralists are
• amazingly efficient food producers
• do not degrade and instead enhance the land
• are usually not poor
to reevaluate these assumptions and show that
India's pastoralists are
• amazingly efficient food producers
• do not degrade and instead enhance the land
• are usually not poor
6. Inefficient?
India is the world's largest exporter of sheep
and goat meat – 23 MT valued at almost 7000
million Indian Rupees in 2013.
Feeding UAE, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Kuwait, and
Oman…..
India is the world's largest exporter of sheep
and goat meat – 23 MT valued at almost 7000
million Indian Rupees in 2013.
Feeding UAE, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Kuwait, and
Oman…..
7. India's livestock lagging behind?
• World‘s largest milk producer
• World‘s largest exporter of buffalo meat
feeding Southeast Asia and Arab countries
Most of it produced in "traditional" systems
with hardly any resource inputs, just by
harvesting naturally available biomass.
• World‘s largest milk producer
• World‘s largest exporter of buffalo meat
feeding Southeast Asia and Arab countries
Most of it produced in "traditional" systems
with hardly any resource inputs, just by
harvesting naturally available biomass.
8. HUMAN-EDIBLE
PROTEIN BALANCE IN
THE LIVESTOCK
PRODUCTION OF
SELECTED COUNTRIES
(FAO data)
EDIBLE PROTEIN
OUTPUT/INPUT
EDIBLE
PROTEIN
OUTPUT-INPUT
TONNES
Balance
AV.2005-2007 AV.2005-2007
Saudi
Arabia 0.19 -659 588
Protein
destroying
USA 0.53 -7 650 830
Protein
destroying
Germany 0.62 -1 183 290
Protein
destroying
Protein
destroying
HUMAN-EDIBLE
PROTEIN BALANCE IN
THE LIVESTOCK
PRODUCTION OF
SELECTED COUNTRIES
(FAO data)
China 0.95 -665 276
Protein
destroying
Netherland
s 1.02 18 070 ~even
Brazil 1.17 550 402 ~even
Nepal 1.88 40 803 ~even
India 4.30 3 379 440 Protein creating
Sudan 8.75 340 895
Protein creating
New
Zealand 10.06 638 015 Protein creating
Mongolia 14.60 35 858 Protein creating
Ethiopia 16.95 141 395
Protein creating
Kenya 21.16 202 803 Protein creating
9. "Traditional" Livestock Systems
People
Depend on
• Local/indigenous
breeds
grazing on
• "natural" biodiverse
vegetation and crop
aftermath
BreedsVegetation
Depend on
• Local/indigenous
breeds
grazing on
• "natural" biodiverse
vegetation and crop
aftermath
10. Locally adapted breeds are a crucial component
Independent of external inputs (feed, vet. medicine)
Drought resistant and easy to manage
Can walk and walk, search out own forage
11. Pastoralists are astute
breeders,
continuously
experimenting for the
most suitable
genotype. This Raika
paid 20,000 Rs for this
ram (“Baradi”) as a
lamb
Pastoralists are astute
breeders,
continuously
experimenting for the
most suitable
genotype. This Raika
paid 20,000 Rs for this
ram (“Baradi”) as a
lamb
12. Traditional production systems
• Optimally convert local feed
resources into food and energy –
are independent of external feed
and fodder inputs.
• There is a balance between
livestock numbers and available
resources.
• Positive effect on biodiversity and
not interfering withwildlife
• Minimal external energy required
(if any)
• Optimally convert local feed
resources into food and energy –
are independent of external feed
and fodder inputs.
• There is a balance between
livestock numbers and available
resources.
• Positive effect on biodiversity and
not interfering withwildlife
• Minimal external energy required
(if any)
19. Poor?
Income and meat output of sample
area• Min. 40 deras with an average of 3500 ewes= ca.
140,000 ewes.
• These produce ca. 30,000 saleable male lambs@ Rs.
2500= Rs. 75,000,000,
• 11kg liveweight for a 2-3 months old lamb= 330,000
kg live weight
• With a dressing percentage of around 50%, this
would mean 165,000 kg of meat from lambs
• All this meat would have been produced without
any use of non-renewable resources (fertilizer,
tractor fuel, transportation of feed, etc.).
• Min. 40 deras with an average of 3500 ewes= ca.
140,000 ewes.
• These produce ca. 30,000 saleable male lambs@ Rs.
2500= Rs. 75,000,000,
• 11kg liveweight for a 2-3 months old lamb= 330,000
kg live weight
• With a dressing percentage of around 50%, this
would mean 165,000 kg of meat from lambs
• All this meat would have been produced without
any use of non-renewable resources (fertilizer,
tractor fuel, transportation of feed, etc.).
20. Besides meat and dung, milk is also an important
product for household consumption and sale (during
part of the year)
21. Wild Animal Diversity
• Grazing livestock keeps
open nesting habitats of
birds
• Predator species (wolves,
hyenas, leopards, lions)
depend on livestock as
prey and essential part of
their diet
(Example Gir Forest in India)
• Chilikula buffalo swimming
in lake essential for fish
population
• Grazing livestock keeps
open nesting habitats of
birds
• Predator species (wolves,
hyenas, leopards, lions)
depend on livestock as
prey and essential part of
their diet
(Example Gir Forest in India)
• Chilikula buffalo swimming
in lake essential for fish
population
22. Biological diversity: In Rajasthan camels and goats convert 36
different fodder species into milk, meat, manure and fibre
23. Utilise a wide variety of scattered and
seasonally variable tree and grass vegetation
26. The prevailing livestock developent
approach
• Encourages livestock keepers/farmers to
switch to more “productive breeds” and to
adopt “modern technologies”.
• Promotes the concept that higher yielding
animals are automatically more profitable.
• Encourages livestock keepers/farmers to
switch to more “productive breeds” and to
adopt “modern technologies”.
• Promotes the concept that higher yielding
animals are automatically more profitable.
28. From all perspectives – local livelihoods, livestock production,
as well as continued soil fertility – it is adamant and urgent
that the migratory pastoralists are not squeezed out and that
sufficient space for them is retained in the crop cycle!
This system is not backward, but ecological and, in that sense,
modern.
29. Ecologically and sustainable livestock
development in marginal areas
Would
• Recognize and acknowledge the value of
the "traditional" systems
• Facilitate and support mobility
• Protect and provide services to pastoralists
• Ensure space and protect the customary
rights of pastoralists
Would
• Recognize and acknowledge the value of
the "traditional" systems
• Facilitate and support mobility
• Protect and provide services to pastoralists
• Ensure space and protect the customary
rights of pastoralists
30. • How do we change perceptions among policy
makers, bureaucrats and even livestock keepers
that local breeds and associated traditional
knowledge are valuable assets?
• How do we counter threats such as shrinking
grazing lands, disintegration of traditional
institutions and knowledge, lack of respect by
outsiders?
• How do we change perceptions among policy
makers, bureaucrats and even livestock keepers
that local breeds and associated traditional
knowledge are valuable assets?
• How do we counter threats such as shrinking
grazing lands, disintegration of traditional
institutions and knowledge, lack of respect by
outsiders?
31. Article 8j of UN Convention on
Biological Diversity
• „Contracting parties shall…subject to
national legislation, respect, preserve and
maintain knowledge innovations and
practices of indigenous and local
communities embodying traditional
lifestyles relevant for the conservation and
sustainable use of biological diversity…..“
.
• „Contracting parties shall…subject to
national legislation, respect, preserve and
maintain knowledge innovations and
practices of indigenous and local
communities embodying traditional
lifestyles relevant for the conservation and
sustainable use of biological diversity…..“
.
32. Article 10: Contracting parties shall..
• c. Protect and encourage customary use of biological
resources in accordance with traditional cultural practices
that are compatible with conservation and sustainable use
requirements
• d. Support local populations to develop and implement
remedial action in degraded areas where biological
diversity has been reduced
• c. Protect and encourage customary use of biological
resources in accordance with traditional cultural practices
that are compatible with conservation and sustainable use
requirements
• d. Support local populations to develop and implement
remedial action in degraded areas where biological
diversity has been reduced
33. A new tool: Biocultural Community Protocols
• Backed by the Nagoya Protocol
of the UN-Convention on
Biological Diversity
• Tool for claiming status as
„indigenous or local
community….“
• Biocultural Protocols document
the role of a community in
conserving animal genetic
resources and eco-systems,
contribute to visibility and
awareness
• Backed by the Nagoya Protocol
of the UN-Convention on
Biological Diversity
• Tool for claiming status as
„indigenous or local
community….“
• Biocultural Protocols document
the role of a community in
conserving animal genetic
resources and eco-systems,
contribute to visibility and
awareness
34. Biocultural Protocols
• are a tool for documenting bio-assets, production
systems, products.
• give a voice to pastoralists and other small-scale
livestock keepers.
• raise awareness about culture and tradition to address
challenges, such as cross breeding and product
innovations
• Invoke rights (grazing, breeding)
• Generate information exchange and communication
with other stakeholders
• are a tool for documenting bio-assets, production
systems, products.
• give a voice to pastoralists and other small-scale
livestock keepers.
• raise awareness about culture and tradition to address
challenges, such as cross breeding and product
innovations
• Invoke rights (grazing, breeding)
• Generate information exchange and communication
with other stakeholders
39. Possible benefits and incentives for
livestock keepers
• Monetary rewards at national level through
payments for environmental services, such as
carbon sequestration and biodiversity
conservation.
• Provision of an enabling environment that
supports them to continue their livelihood and
breed conservation activities (livestock
keepers rights, grazing rights, services).
• Support for developing a special label for
livestock products from bio-diversity based
production systems (“Ark of Bio-diversity”)
• Monetary rewards at national level through
payments for environmental services, such as
carbon sequestration and biodiversity
conservation.
• Provision of an enabling environment that
supports them to continue their livelihood and
breed conservation activities (livestock
keepers rights, grazing rights, services).
• Support for developing a special label for
livestock products from bio-diversity based
production systems (“Ark of Bio-diversity”)
40. Conclusion
Livestock mantra is "more with less"
Sustainable intensification
Pastoralists produce "everything with
nothing"
Extensification !
Livestock mantra is "more with less"
Sustainable intensification
Pastoralists produce "everything with
nothing"
Extensification !
41. Acknowledgments
• LPPS, Hanwant Singh
and Dailibai Raika
• LIFE Network
partners: Gopikrishna,
Dr. Athani, Nilkanth
Kuruba, Dr. Balaram
Sahu
• Rainfed Livestock
Network: Kamal
Kishore
• IIED
• LPPS, Hanwant Singh
and Dailibai Raika
• LIFE Network
partners: Gopikrishna,
Dr. Athani, Nilkanth
Kuruba, Dr. Balaram
Sahu
• Rainfed Livestock
Network: Kamal
Kishore
• IIED