Smells of the New World
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Spices have played a huge role in history, though now they can be purchased globally. In ancient times, spices were rare, precious commodities used for medicine, perfumes, and flavorings. From 200 BC to 1200 AD, the Romans controlled spice trade routes from Rome to India, though the trade declined after Rome's fall. In the 15th-17th centuries, European powers like Portugal, Spain, England, and the Dutch fought for control of the most valuable spices from India, China, and Indonesia. This led to explorers like Vasco de Gama, Christopher Columbus, Ferdinand Magellan seeking new trade routes. By the end of the 17th century, the Dutch had become the main controllers of
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This document provides a brief history of the various groups that inhabited and conquered the Iberian Peninsula over time. It discusses the Romans who conquered the region from 219 BC to 19 BC and introduced their culture. It then mentions the Muslims who arrived in 711 AD and conquered most of the territory, the Iberians who inhabited the east and south and were farmers, the Celts who settled in northern and central regions in the 9th century BC, and the Visigoths who established a kingdom in the 5th century AD. The document concludes with short sections on the Carolingian Empire, feudalism, ancient Greeks, and Mesopotamia between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.
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The document contains summaries of four people from the Portuguese Empire in the Americas:
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- Damiana da Cunha was a Caiapo Indian granddaughter who became a teacher, missionary, and expedition leader to help convert indigenous groups in Brazil to Christianity.
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This document provides information about Portugal, its culture, art, music, and food. It notes that Portugal's name is derived from "Portus Cale" and that its art has been influenced by Flemish, French, and Italian influences. The culture is based on Roman and Muslim invasions. Examples of art mentioned include rock paintings in Escoral and the Temple of Diana in Evora. The document also describes two traditional musical genres, Fado which features sad melodies about the sea or poor lives, and traditional music featuring instruments like bagpipes and guitars. Finally, it lists some typical Portuguese foods such as cod, Francesinha sandwich, and sardines.
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Europeans sought to gain direct access to Asian goods by exploring new trade routes, bypassing Middle Eastern merchants. Portugal led the way in the 1400s by exploring along the western coast of Africa under Prince Henry. In 1497, Vasco da Gama reached India, acquiring spices at huge profits. This opened the sea route to Asia and led Portugal to seize key ports in the Indian Ocean. Christopher Columbus mistakenly reached the Americas in 1492 while seeking a western route to Asia, leading to European discovery of the new continents.
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The document summarizes the history of Portugal, the Portuguese Empire, and Colonial Brazil from 1400-1800. Key events include Portugal building possessions in South America, Africa, Asia, and Australia in the 15th-16th centuries, followed by a period of decline as other European powers took over trade. Colonial Brazil grew through extracting brazilwood in the 16th century, then sugar and later gold/diamond production. The Tordesillas Meridian divided South America between Portugal and Spain, and Portugal established colonial rule in Brazil through governors from the 1550s-1750s.
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1) The document discusses the global trade networks that existed centuries ago, including family firms that spanned India, Iran, Tunisia, and Egypt.
2) It then covers the economic role of commodities like drugs, tea, coffee, tobacco, and sugar, which were traded over long distances and gained popularity in places like China, the Middle East, and Europe.
3) Finally, it discusses how commodities like chocolate and cocoa beans were valued in pre-Colombian Mesoamerica and later incorporated into European trade.
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The document summarizes European exploration and conquest in the 1400s-1500s, including key figures like Christopher Columbus, Hernan Cortes, and Francisco Pizarro. It discusses how Spain and Portugal became rivals in exploration, the Treaty of Tordesillas dividing conquest territories, and Columbus' voyages to the Americas mistakenly thinking he reached Asia. It also summarizes Cortes' conquest of the Aztec empire and Pizarro's conquest of the Inca empire, leading to an exchange of goods between the Eastern and Western hemispheres.
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Europeans sought to gain direct access to Asian goods by exploring new trade routes, bypassing Middle Eastern merchants. Portugal led the way in the 1400s by exploring along the western coast of Africa under Prince Henry. In 1497, Vasco da Gama reached India, acquiring spices at huge profits. This opened the sea route to Asia and led Portugal to seize key ports in the Indian Ocean. Christopher Columbus mistakenly reached the Americas in 1492 while seeking a western route to Asia, leading to European discovery of the new continents.
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Theme3 pp
Portugal's history dates back to the Middle Ages. During the Age of Discovery, Portugal became a world power through its spice and slave trades. However, losses in battles and natural disasters weakened Portugal in the 15th-17th centuries. Portugal established the first global empire and explored the coast of Africa starting in 1419. Through these voyages, Portugal gained great wealth but its empire later declined due to attacks from rival powers and its inability to defend its large network as a junior partner to Spain.
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This document provides biographical information on several individuals from the Portuguese Empire in the Americas between the 15th-17th centuries. It describes Antonio de Gouveia as a 15th century Azorean priest who faced accusations of magic and eventually became a Jesuit. It then profiles Catarina De Monte Sinay, a 17th century nun in Bahia, Brazil who amassed wealth through business and loans despite rules against it. Finally, it outlines the life of Fransisca, an 18th century slave born in the Manao tribe in Amazonia who was taken as a slave and petitioned authorities for freedom.
European Exploration
Early European exploration of North America was driven by economic, religious, and curiosity motives. Spain's exploration led by Columbus and later Cortez expanded their empire through conquest of the Aztecs and Incas, aided by disease. France established trading posts under Champlain. England's early colonies at Roanoke and Jamestown struggled until tobacco farming and John Smith's leadership helped Jamestown survive. However, disease devastated native populations and conflict broke out between colonists and groups like the Powhatans. The exchange of goods, plants, animals and diseases between Europeans and natives, known as the Columbian Exchange, profoundly impacted both societies.
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This document provides information about Portugal, its culture, art, music, and food. It notes that Portugal's name is derived from "Portus Cale" and that its art has been influenced by Flemish, French, and Italian influences. The culture is based on Roman and Muslim invasions. Examples of art mentioned include rock paintings in Escoral and the Temple of Diana in Evora. The document also describes two traditional musical genres, Fado which features sad melodies about the sea or poor lives, and traditional music featuring instruments like bagpipes and guitars. Finally, it lists some typical Portuguese foods such as cod, Francesinha sandwich, and sardines.
The Search For Spices
Europeans sought to gain direct access to Asian goods by exploring new trade routes, bypassing Middle Eastern merchants. Portugal led the way in the 1400s by exploring along the western coast of Africa under Prince Henry. In 1497, Vasco da Gama reached India, acquiring spices at huge profits. This opened the sea route to Asia and led Portugal to seize key ports in the Indian Ocean. Christopher Columbus mistakenly reached the Americas in 1492 while seeking a western route to Asia, leading to European discovery of the new continents.
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European countries smuggled spices out of Indonesia and other parts of Asia between the 16th-18th centuries after the Portuguese and Dutch lost control over the spice trade. Spices like cloves, cinnamon, nutmeg and pepper were successfully transported to places like Brazil, Mauritius, Penang, Singapore and the Caribbean where plantations were established. By the mid-18th century, cinnamon had spread to British colonies and spices became more common and cheaper commodities rather than exclusive luxury goods. As culinary tastes in Europe shifted toward local foods and spices lost their medical, social, and spiritual significance, they were no longer symbols of status in Europe.
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Trade has existed for over 50,000 years as humans migrated and exchanged goods and services. Major trading empires in the 15th-16th centuries included Portugal, Spain, France and Britain as they sought new trade routes. Christopher Columbus' voyage in 1492 opened up trade between the Americas and Europe, known as the Columbian Exchange, which introduced crops and livestock to both hemispheres. Trade was integral to the exploration and colonization of North America and globally connected the two hemispheres for the first time in history.
Life in colonial brazil
Portugal colonized Brazil in the 16th century and established a system of hereditary captaincies to control the land, which failed. They then took direct control. Other European powers like France and the Netherlands tried to establish colonies in Brazil but were driven out by the Portuguese and native allies. Portugal initially traded with the natives but then enslaved them when trade stopped. Gold discoveries in the late 17th century spurred a gold rush and replaced sugar as the main economic product, though sugar exports remained valuable. The Portuguese royal family moved to Brazil in 1807 during the Napoleonic Wars and established government institutions, raising Brazil to a kingdom equal to Portugal in 1815.
Granada
Granada became an important city after the Moors conquered most of the Iberian Peninsula in 711. For around seven centuries, Granada was the last territory held by the Moors in Iberia until it fell to the Catholic Monarchs in 1492, ending Moorish rule in Spain. The historic sites of the Alhambra palace complex and the Albaicín and Realejo neighborhoods reflect Granada's rich Islamic cultural heritage.
Theme 3 part 1
The document summarizes the history of Portugal, the Portuguese Empire, and Colonial Brazil from 1400-1800. Key events include Portugal building possessions in South America, Africa, Asia, and Australia in the 15th-16th centuries, followed by a period of decline as other European powers took over trade. Colonial Brazil grew through extracting brazilwood in the 16th century, then sugar and later gold/diamond production. The Tordesillas Meridian divided South America between Portugal and Spain, and Portugal established colonial rule in Brazil through governors from the 1550s-1750s.
Latin America - European conquest - 2012
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The document summarizes European exploration between the 15th and 17th centuries as they searched for new trade routes to Asia and its spices. The Portuguese first established coastal trading ports in Africa and India to control the spice trade. The Dutch later set up ports around the world using their naval power. English ships began carrying limes to prevent scurvy on long voyages. Spain funded Columbus' voyage west in 1492 hoping to reach Asia, but he landed in the Americas instead. This led to the Columbian Exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and people between Europe and the Americas, profoundly impacting global populations. Other conquistadors like Cortes and Pizarro then conquered the Aztec and Inca empires,
When worlds collide
When Worlds Collide discusses the momentous events of 1492, when Christopher Columbus arrived in the Americas, connecting two worlds that had developed independently for thousands of years. The arrival of Europeans forever altered life for the indigenous peoples of the Americas and led to the exchange of commodities between the two worlds, fueling economic growth in Europe. It also examines the decline of the vast Spanish Empire in the late 1500s as it relinquished its role as the world's sole superpower.
The world and trade part 2
1) The document discusses the global trade networks that existed centuries ago, including family firms that spanned India, Iran, Tunisia, and Egypt.
2) It then covers the economic role of commodities like drugs, tea, coffee, tobacco, and sugar, which were traded over long distances and gained popularity in places like China, the Middle East, and Europe.
3) Finally, it discusses how commodities like chocolate and cocoa beans were valued in pre-Colombian Mesoamerica and later incorporated into European trade.
Theme 3: The Portuguese Empire
The Portuguese Empire began in 1415 and focused on fishing and overseas commerce. In 1494, the Treaty of Tordesillas divided colonial territories between Portugal and Spain. Portugal's colony of Brazil was established in 1500 when Pedro Alvares Cabral landed there. During 300 years of Brazilian colonial rule, the economy relied on extracting brazilwood, sugarcane, gold, and diamonds, using African slaves. Damiana de Cuhna was a Caiapo chief's granddaughter who served as a liaison between her people and the Portuguese, bringing them back to the aldeias. Antonio de Gouveia was a priest who faced the Inquisition for practicing medicine and mining in Brazil. Catarina de Monte
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The document discusses how various crops and goods spread globally through trade routes and economic activities over centuries. It describes how Islam created safe trade routes between Asia and Africa, allowing the spread of luxury goods, knowledge, and products worldwide. It then discusses how specific crops like potatoes, sugar, tobacco, coffee, and chocolate originated in certain regions but were transported by Europeans, Africans, and Asians along trade networks and eventually cultivated and consumed globally, profoundly impacting economies, societies, and cultures worldwide.
History of spices and herbs
Spices have been traded for thousands of years along routes connecting South Asia, the Middle East, and East Asia. Arab and Indian merchants facilitated land routes through the Middle East and India, while Indonesian merchants traveled throughout Asia and East Africa. The Portuguese took control of sea routes in the 15th century, reducing Europe's reliance on Venetian merchants for spices. The discovery of the Americas in the late 15th century introduced new spices like vanilla, chili peppers, and chocolate to Europe. Today, India and Indonesia are the largest exporters of spices, with pepper being the most widely traded.
The world trade pt. 2
The document discusses the history of global trade networks dating back to the 7th century. It describes how:
1) An Asian-centered world economy developed since the rise of Islam, with Europeans shipping goods from India through the Red Sea and Mediterranean.
2) In the 16th-17th centuries, goods like coffee, tea, cocoa, tobacco and sugar originated from specific regions and were central to the emerging global economy.
3) Aztec traders in Tenochtitlan controlled long-distance commerce networks in Mesoamerica, trading goods with a market twice the size of Salamanca.
Europe Reasons For Exploration
Europeans explored for several key reasons:
1) Spices were highly valued but could only be obtained from Asia, so European rulers sought a sea route to access spices more cheaply and make their countries wealthy.
2) Gold represented wealth and power, and explorers hoped to find gold in new lands to enrich their home nations.
3) Powerful monarchs like the Kings of Spain and Portugal wanted to expand their empires across new territories for resources and slave labor to increase their dominance.
European expansion and invasion 2015
The document summarizes European expansion into the Americas beginning in the 15th century. It first discusses early Viking exploration led by Leif Erikson who established a short-lived settlement in Vinland (North America) around 1000 AD. Next it explains how technological and navigational advances in 15th century Portugal enabled more successful Atlantic exploration and led to Spain funding Christopher Columbus' 1492 voyage. Columbus' landing in the Bahamas began the massive Columbian Exchange between the Old and New Worlds and devastated indigenous populations through disease and war. Finally, it outlines the later Spanish and French colonial empires that sought wealth and conversion through differing approaches in the Americas.
The Age of Exploration
The Age of Exploration began in the early 15th century and was driven by economic, religious, and territorial motives. Prince Henry the Navigator of Portugal pioneered exploration down the west coast of Africa which led to the establishment of the Portuguese maritime empire and the discovery of new trade routes. Spain built a vast American empire through conquests led by conquistadors like Cortez and Pizarro. By the late 16th century, northern European powers like Britain, France, and the Netherlands challenged Iberian dominance through overseas exploration and colonization of their own.
7 1.1 exploration and colonization
Europeans explored and colonized much of the world between the 1400s and 1700s for reasons such as trade, religion, and glory. They established trading posts and settlements in Asia, Africa, and the Americas. This led to immense political, social, and economic changes, including the rise of new empires and the spread of Christianity and European culture. It also involved exploitation such as the Atlantic slave trade and the transfer of wealth from colonies to European powers. By the late 1700s, capitalism had begun to replace the system of mercantilism in guiding international trade.
AgeOfExploration.ppt
Europeans explored distant lands between 1400-1800 motivated by profit and religion. Portuguese led the way in exploring Africa's coast and reaching India, establishing trading posts. Other European powers like the Dutch and English later challenged Portuguese control of Asian trade. Spain's exploration led to the colonization of the Americas, where crops and animals were exchanged between the hemispheres while diseases devastated native populations. Demand for American goods led to the growth of the transatlantic slave trade to supply labor.
Early modern europe
Portugal led early exploration along the coast of Africa searching for a route to India, while Spain explored according to the Treaty of Tordesillas dividing exploration. The Protestant Reformation weakened the Catholic Church's authority and led to religious conflicts dominating European politics and the Thirty Years War. Spain was a leader in global exploration in the 15th and 16th centuries and developed new styles of art, music and wine production during this era of expansion.
Exploration & Colonization Presentation
European exploration began in the 15th century as European powers sought new trade routes to Asia to access valuable spices and other goods. This document provides background on why Western European nations like Portugal, Spain, England, and France established overseas colonies starting in this era. It explores their motivations, including accessing Asian trade, spreading Christianity, finding natural resources, and gaining economic and geopolitical advantages over rivals. New technologies like the compass and caravel ships enabled explorers like da Gama, Columbus, and Magellan to discover new lands and establish European colonial empires across Africa, Asia, and the Americas.
Most important historical events in Spain
The document summarizes important historical events in Spain from prehistoric times to modern day. It describes how early hominins inhabited the Iberian Peninsula over 1 million years ago. It then discusses successive rulers of the peninsula including the Celts, Iberians, Romans, Visigoths, Moors, Catholic Monarchs, and the impact of the Industrial Revolution. A key event was Christopher Columbus' voyage in 1492 which led to European exploration of the Americas. The document also briefly outlines Spain's Golden Century of literature and the Spanish Civil War of the 1930s.
Early modern spain
1. Fernando and Isabel united their kingdoms through marriage, creating a powerful Spain. They established the Spanish Inquisition and expelled Jews in 1492.
2. Explorers like Columbus and Magellan expanded Spain's empire, leading to the conquest of the Aztecs and Incas. This introduced new goods, diseases, and slavery to the Americas.
3. The Hapsburg and Bourbon dynasties ruled Spain over subsequent centuries. The Bourbons centralized power and modernized Spain under the influence of the Enlightenment.
SSWH10.ppt
The document discusses the major factors that led to the Age of Discovery and European expansion between 1450-1700. Some key developments included advances in navigation technology from the Scientific Revolution like the caravel ship and magnetic compass that enabled long distance travel. Motivations for exploration included seeking gold, glory for their nation, and spreading Christianity ("God, glory, and gold"). Portugal led initial exploration down the coast of Africa. Major explorers included Columbus, who sailed for Spain and reached the Americas believing he found India, and Magellan, who was the first to circumnavigate the globe. European powers established colonial empires through conquest and the slave trade had devastating impacts on African societies. The Columbian Exchange also introduced new crops, animals
European exploration
The Columbian Exchange resulted in the widespread exchange of plants, animals, and diseases between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres following the voyages of Christopher Columbus in 1492. This large-scale biological and cultural exchange included crops, livestock, commodities, technologies, cultures, languages and peoples between the Americas and the Old World.
European Exploration And Colonization 09 10
The document summarizes the impacts of European exploration and colonization between the 1400s and 1700s. It discusses the main motivations for exploration which were religion, trade, and national prestige. It then outlines the key explorations and empires of Portugal, Spain, England, and France. These countries established vast overseas colonies and territories in Africa, Asia, and the Americas, spreading European culture and trade globally while also unintentionally introducing diseases that devastated indigenous populations.
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Smells of the New World
- 1. Smells of the New World! A Short History of Spice Trading
- 2. Spices and Herbs have played a huge role our in history -Now a days you can buy spices from around the world everywhere-EVEN WAL-MART! -In early history they were RARE and PRECIOUS products; spices could be used for medicines, perfumes, and even flavorings!
- 3. 3000 BC to 200 BC Arabs Trade Spices and herbs among early civilzations
- 5. Romans would sail from Rome to Egypt to India—it took 2 years!!!
- 6. Spices that Romans sought included Nutmeg, Cinammon, Pepper, Cloves, and Ginger
- 7. Spices were only available to the upper class
- 8. In 410, Rome is ransomed to Goths for gold and 30,000 lbs. of peppercorn-Achoo!
- 10. 13th Century:Marco Polo Portugese and Spanish say the Italians are too pricy so they decide to send out their own explorers -Explores Europe and establishes Venice most important trade port till about 1498
- 11. 1497: Vasco De Gamma Returned with Pepper, Cinnamon, Ginger, Jewels, and deals with Indian Princes and the Portuguese That’s right, I’m Awesome! Sail’s around Africa’s Cape of Good Hope to Calcutta, India
- 12. 1492: Christopher Columbus Lands in the Americas while looking for the “Spice Islands” Doesn’t find them, but does bring back Allspice, Vanilla, and Red Peppers to his Spanish Fans My Fans in Spain Love me, but didn’t hook me up with a holiday!
- 13. The 15th to the 17th Centuries Wars for the Control of the Spices Breakout Spain, Portugal, England, and Holland fight for Control
- 14. 1519: Ferdinand Magellan Spain sends him west around the world Died in the Philippines, and lost 4 of 5 ships But ship #5 makes it back with tons of pepper and other spices-trip is deemed a financial success! I tell you, the world is as round as my belly after eating a dozen donuts!
- 15. 16th Century: The Dutch Take Over Key Years where the Dutch Kicked some Tooshie! 1641-They Conquer Malacca 1658-They take control of the cinnamon trade in Ceylon Think about all the Atomic Fireballs they could make! 1663-They establish exclusive rights to trade pepper with India Spicy! By end of the 17th century, the dutch are the controllers of Asian Spices
- 16. The End of the 17th Century: France vs. Holland Prices fall for the Dutch so they resort to sneaky tactics: -Burn down some cinnamon and clove trees; soak nutmeg in “milk of lime” so new seeds won’t grow -French become powerhouse and steal a bunch of stuff from the Dutch and plant it themselves; cloves, cinnamon, and nutmeg
- 17. I think I’m going to go down under! 16th to 18th Century English Exploration Begins 1600-Elizabeth I chartered British East India Company and takes over Mr. Sadana’s motherland! 1780-England vs. Holland- English take over all spice trading centers by 1799!
- 18. 17th to 20th Century: Viva Americana! Americans enter the Spice Race in 1672