The document summarizes the history of Portugal, the Portuguese Empire, and Colonial Brazil from 1400-1800. Key events include Portugal building possessions in South America, Africa, Asia, and Australia in the 15th-16th centuries, followed by a period of decline as other European powers took over trade. Colonial Brazil grew through extracting brazilwood in the 16th century, then sugar and later gold/diamond production. The Tordesillas Meridian divided South America between Portugal and Spain, and Portugal established colonial rule in Brazil through governors from the 1550s-1750s.

1. The History of Portugal,
Portuguese Empire, and
Colonial Brazil.

2. History of Portugal After the 16th century
1400-1800 the Dutch, English, and
French took more of
the share of spice and
slave trades causing
Portugal to loose
status. The death of
King Sebastian in 1578
and the dynastic
crisis, followed by a
period where Portugal
The 15th-16th centauries marked (despite being
Portugal's accent to world power. autonomous) was
Portugal had built up possessions in under Spanish
South America, Africa, Asia, and rule, also contributed
Australia. heavily to its decline.

3. History of Portugal
1400-1800
Key Events
• 1400-1578 Discovery of Eastern route to India. Discovery of
Brazil.
• 1578-1777 Period of transition. Empire went from its height to
its decline. Tavora affair. 1755 Lisbon Earthquake.
• 1777-1800 Queen Maria
I reorganized economy
but became mentally ill.
Son Infante John of
Braganaza began using
title of Prince Regent in
1799.

4. Portuguese Empire
• 1st Global empire in history.
• Longest lived of modern European colonial
empires.
Age of Discovery 1415-1542
• Portuguese sailors began exploring the coast of Africa in
1419.
• In 1488 Bartolommeo Dias rounded the Cape of Good Hope.
• In 1498 Vasco da Gama reached India.
• In 1500 Pedro Alvares Cabral discovered Brazil.
From 1580-1640 Portugal was a junior partner to Spain in the
union of the two crowns.

5. Portuguese Empire
Imperial Decline 1663-1822
• Attacks by Netherlands, Britain, France, and Portugal's inability
to defend overstretched trade network led to Empires decline.
• Loss of colonies led to the end of personal union with Spain.

6. Colonial Brazil
16th Centaury
• Brazilwood extraction
16th-18th Centauries
• Sugar Production
18th Centaury
• Gold and Diamond mining

7. Colonial Brazil
In 1494 the Tordesillas Meridian was
created. This was significant because
it determined that part of South America
would be settled by Portugal instead of
Spain.
Colonization
• 13 of the 15 original hereditary captaincies failed.
• 1549-1553 Tome de Sousa, the first governor of Brazil, set up central
government. He brought with him the Jesuits to convert the aborigines to
Catholicism.
• 1553-1557 Duarte da Costa faced many conflicts with the aborigines.
• 1557-1573 Mem de Sa defeated aborigines and expelled French Calvinists.
Brazil was divided into two states.
• 1750 Treaty of Madrid shaped the modern day coastline.
• In 1755 Brazilian Estados were unified into the Viceroyalty of Brazil.