This document outlines activities done exploring different sensors and the piezoelectric effect. It discusses evading a motion sensor, exploring sensors like music cards and talking toys, making a microphone from PVDF film, building a polymer model of PVDF to understand its structure, measuring PVDF's piezoelectric response to pressure and temperature, designing a coin counter project, and proposing a product idea for smart shoes that can charge devices using piezoelectric PVDF layers in the soles. The document concludes by reflecting on skills learned about sensors, research, and new applications.

1. Al-bairaq
I Am Discovering Materials
Smart Sensors
Typhon
Mohmmad Ahmad Alzoubi Jabr Alhajjaji
Ali Ahmed Al Hajri Naser Nasib Almenhali

2. OUTLINE
• Introduction
• Activity 1: Evading Motion Detection
• Activity 2: Taking a Tour of Some Sensors
• Activity 3: Making a Microphone
• Activity 4: Exploring the Piezo Effect: The inside story
• Activity 5: Measuring the Piezoelectric & Pyroelectric
Response
• Design Project: Designing A Coin Counter
• Product Idea: Smart Shoes

3. INTRODUCTION
• A sensor is a device that detects and responds to some type of input
from the physical environment. The specific input could be light, heat,
motion, moisture, pressure, or any one of a great number of other
environmental phenomena. The output is generally a signal that is
converted to human-readable display at the sensor location or
transmitted electronically over a network for reading or further
processing.

4. Activity 1: Evading Motion Detector
Objective: TRYING TO EVADE A MOTION DETECTOR SENSOR
by predicting it’s range and functionality:
Procedures: We tried evading the motion sensor by:
• Predicting it's range
• Puttying different batteries
• Using cardboard and plastic even cloth
• We also tried to walk really slow

5. Activity 1: Evading Motion Detector
Results:
• Range reach about 5.5feet.
• Range area was a conical shape.
• The sensor responds to change in temperature.
Conclusion:
• We found out that the only way to evade the motion detector is by
placing an isolating materials between us an the sensor.

6. Activity 2: Taking A Tour Of Some Sensors
Objectives:
• To explore different types of sensors.
• Understand the different types of stimuli
and responses
Procedure:
• Four devices were placed front of us
• We have to compare between them.

7. Activity 2: Taking A Tour Of Some Sensors
Conclusion :
• after exploring many sensors ,we realized that each smart sensor has
a different stimulus and different response depending on its purpose.
Sensor Stimulus Response
Music card Opening the card Sound
Shoe Pressure Light
Talking tom Sound and Touch Sound (recorded voice)
Sound birds Sound and touch Sound & Movement
As we explored some types of smart sensor, we concluded the
following :

8. Activity 3: Making a Microphone
Objective: Make and understand how
the microphone works.
Procedures:
• We made a microphone from a
PVDF film.
• We used flexible PVDF and rigid
PVDF.
PVDF Rigid Rigid attached to
substance
Flexible Flexible attached
to substance
Flick Clear Sound Clear Sound Faint Sound Faint Sound
Scratch Medium Sound Clear Sound Clear Sound Clear Sound
Blow Faint Sound Faint Sound Clear Sound Clear Sound
Talk Faint Sound Faint Sound Clear Sound Clear Sound
Conclusion : after testing them out , we found out that the flexible PVDF is more sensitive

9. ACTIVITY 4: EXPLORING THE PIEZO EFFECT:
THE INSIDE STORY
Objectives: To recognize the structure of polymer model of C2F2H2:
Part a: building the
PVDF monomer
We used the molecular - kits
to build the monomer
C2F2H2 (Difluoroethylene)
Part b: building the PVDF
polymer
Then we built the PVDF
(Polyvinylidene fluoride) of
the repeating units of
C2F2H2.
Part c: Seeing the structure at
work
When bending the film we noticed that
bending one direction produces a
positive voltage and a bend in the
opposite direction Produces a
negative voltage. the faster the
bending the large potential
We learnt that the Piezoelectric effect is the ability of certain material to
generate an electric charge in response to applied mechanical stress.

10. Mass V1 V2 V3 Average
Small 0.032 0.076 0.036 -0.048
Medium 0.056 0.110 0.051 -0.072
Large 0.126 0.149 0.227 -0.167
Activity 5: Measuring The Piezoelectric &
Pyroelectric Response
Procedure:
• We dropped iron balls on the PVDF and we recorded the voltage
Height v1 v2 v3 Average
5in 0.037 0.012 0.037 0.029
10in 0.120 0.076 0.032 0.076
First We tested different ball sizes all dropped from the
same height
Then we tested different heights for the same ball size

11. ACTIVITY 5: MEASURING THE PIEZOELECTRIC &
PYROELECTRIC RESPONSE
Conclusion:
During test the biggest ball gave us the most voltage. And the higher the drop
gave us more voltage as well. From that we concluded that the more pressure
applied to the PVDF the more voltage we will get.
Also hotter temperature gave us negative voltage while colder gave us positive
one. The voltage response was continuous and not instantaneous as pressure.
Voltage Temperate
-0.115 31
-0.164 46
Part B : we used the hair dryer to test the pyro electricity of the PVDF

12. Design Project: Coin Counter
The aim of this project is to apply what we have learnt during
the previous activities to construct an actual application.
Procedures:
• Drop three coins on the PVDF then make a table
for the mass and the voltage.
• We had one known mass of one of the coins
• After that we dropped the coins from the same
height for three times on the PVDF then we took
the average.
• From the equation below we calculated the mass.
𝒎 𝟏
𝒗 𝟏
=
𝒎 𝟐
𝒗 𝟐

13. Design Project: Coin Counter
Conclusion :
We learnt that we can make many useful application using the
piezoelectric effect.
Mass v1 v2 v3 Average
Mass1 (3.0g) 0.149 0.175 0.182 0.169
Mass2 (?.?g) 0.287 0.325 0.315 0.309
𝒎 𝟐 =
𝒗 𝟐 ∗ 𝒎 𝟏
𝒗 𝟏
=
𝟎. 𝟑𝟎𝟗 ∗ 𝟑. 𝟎
𝟎. 𝟏𝟔𝟗
= 𝟓. 𝟒𝟔𝟗𝒈

14. PRODUCT IDEA: SMART SHOES
• Our idea is about a smart shoe that can be used to recharge
your phone as you are walking.
• The idea depends on the piezoelectric effect we have learnt
during the workshops we took in Al-Bairaq.
• We will attach layers of PVDF films underneath the shoes. As
the user is walking, pressure will be applied to the PVDF
resulting in a voltage that can be stored in a battery and later
on used to charge the phone.

15. SMART SHOES
Hypothesis
How can we apply the phenomena of the piezo electric effect for
having a portable charger?
• As we have learnt that PVDF films are able to generate
electricity from applied pressure; we thought of putting layers
of the films in our shoes. As we are walking; with each step,
pressure will be applied to the PVDF placed in the shoe,
generating electricity.

16. SMART SHOES
PRODUCT STORY
One day Jabr and Mohamed went out to do some sports –walking
and running-. Jabr is used to playing his MP3, and Mohamed is
used to playing his Phone when they are walking and running.
Unfortunately in the middle of our activities our MP3 and Phone
had ran out of charge. We thought about what we have learnt in
AL-Bairaq Workshops and that we can have a portable charger in
our shoes.

17. SMART SHOES
Benefits And Recommendations
• This product can be placed in sports shoes. And can be used
to charge phones as we walk or run.
• We always have the issue of our mobile phones running out of
battery. With the use of these shoes, we can solve that
problem.
• Our product can be used not only to charge phones, but it can
be used to charge MP3s, smart watches, etc.

18. CONCLUSIONS
We have acquired many soft skills, knowledge
and technical skills. Have gained information
about new applications we did not know before
about sensors. We also learnt how to do
research.

19. ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Thank you to everyone who have Supported us During
our Journey In Al-bairaq Project.
We would also like to Thank Al-bairaq Team And The
Sponsors Who Gave us The Opportunity To Participate
In Al-bairaq Project, Create And Innovate.