Done by Hamad Bin Abdullah group at Hamad Bin Abdullah Bin Jassim school. Under supervision from AL-Bairaq

1. Al-bairaq
I Am Discovering Materials
Smart Sensors
Hamad Bin Abdullah
Abdulaziz Faran Almari Abdulrahman Mumdoh
Khalifa Mohamed Salim Ali Almari

2. Outline
• Introduction
• Activity 1: Evading Motion Detection
• Activity 2: Taking a Tour of Some Sensors
• Activity 3: Making a Microphone
• Activity 4: Exploring the Piezo Effect: The inside story
• Activity 5: Measuring the Piezoelectric & Pyroelectric
Response
• Design Project: Designing A Coin Counter
• Product Idea: Irrigation of Gardens automatically by
detecting soil moist

3. Introduction
• A sensor is a device that detects and responds to some type of
input from the physical environment. The specific input could be
light, heat, motion, moisture, pressure, or any one of a great
number of other environmental phenomena. The output is
generally a signal that is converted to human-readable display at
the sensor location or transmitted electronically over a network for
reading or further processing.

4. Activity 1: Evading Motion Detector
Objective: TRYING TO EVADE A MOTION DETECTOR
SENSOR by predicting it’s range and functionality:
Procedures: We tried evading the motion sensor by:
• Predicting it's range
• Puttying different batteries
• Using cardboard and plastic even cloth
• We also tried to walk really slow

5. Activity 1: Evading Motion Detector
Results:
• Range reach about 5.5feet.
• Range area was a conical shape.
• The sensor responds to change in temperature.
Conclusion:
• We found out that the only way to evade the motion detector is
by placing an isolating materials between us an the sensor.

6. Activity 2: Taking A Tour Of Some Sensors
Objectives:
• To explore different types of sensors.
• Understand the different types of stimuli
and responses
Procedure:
• Four devices were placed front of us
• We have to compare between them.

7. Activity 2: Taking A Tour Of Some Sensors
Conclusion :
• after exploring many sensors ,we realized that each smart sensor has
a different stimulus and different response depending on its purpose.
Sensor Stimulus Response
Music card Opening the card Sound
Shoe Pressure Light
Talking tom Sound and Touch Sound (recorded voice)
Sound birds Sound and touch Sound & Movement
As we explored some types of smart sensor, we concluded the
following :

8. Activity 3: Making a Microphone
Objective: Make and understand
how the microphone works.
Procedures:
• We made a microphone from a
PVDF film.
• We used flexible PVDF and rigid
PVDF.
PVDF Rigid Rigid attached to
substance
Flexible Flexible attached
to substance
Flick Clear Sound Clear Sound Faint Sound Faint Sound
Scratch Medium Sound Clear Sound Clear Sound Clear Sound
Blow Faint Sound Faint Sound Clear Sound Clear Sound
Talk Faint Sound Faint Sound Clear Sound Clear Sound
Conclusion : after testing them out , we found out that the flexible PVDF is more sensitive

9. Activity 4: Exploring the Piezo Effect:
The inside story
Objectives: To recognize the structure of polymer model of C2F2H2:
Part a: building the
PVDF monomer
We used the molecular - kits
to build the monomer
C2F2H2 (Difluoroethylene)
Part b: building the PVDF
polymer
Then we built the PVDF
(Polyvinylidene fluoride) of
the repeating units of
C2F2H2.
Part c: Seeing the structure at
work
When bending the film we noticed that
bending one direction produces a
positive voltage and a bend in the
opposite direction Produces a
negative voltage. the faster the
bending the large potential
We learnt that the Piezoelectric effect is the ability of certain material to
generate an electric charge in response to applied mechanical stress.

10. Mass V1 V2 V3 Average
Small 0.032 0.076 0.036 -0.048
Medium 0.056 0.110 0.051 -0.072
Large 0.126 0.149 0.227 -0.167
Activity 5: Measuring The Piezoelectric &
Pyroelectric Response
Procedure:
• We dropped iron balls on the PVDF and we recorded the voltage
Height v1 v2 v3 Average
5in 0.037 0.012 0.037 0.029
10in 0.120 0.076 0.032 0.076
First We tested different ball sizes all dropped from the
same height
Then we tested different heights for the same ball size

11. Activity 5: Measuring the Piezoelectric &
Pyroelectric Response
Conclusion:
During test the biggest ball gave us the most voltage. And the higher the drop
gave us more voltage as well. From that we concluded that the more pressure
applied to the PVDF the more voltage we will get.
Also hotter temperature gave us negative voltage while colder gave us positive
one. The voltage response was continuous and not instantaneous as pressure.
Voltage Temperate
-0.115 31
-0.164 46
Part B : we used the hair dryer to test the pyro electricity of the PVDF

12. Design Project: Coin Counter
The aim of this project is to apply what we have learnt during the
previous activities to construct an actual application.
Procedures:
• Drop three coins on the PVDF then make a table
for the mass and the voltage.
• We had one known mass of one of the coins
• After that we dropped the coins from the same
height for three times on the PVDF then we took
the average.
• From the equation below we calculated the mass.
𝒎 𝟏
𝒗 𝟏
=
𝒎 𝟐
𝒗 𝟐

13. Design Project: Coin Counter
Conclusion :
We learnt that we can make many useful application using the
piezoelectric effect.
Mass v1 v2 v3 Average
Mass1 (3.0g) 0.149 0.175 0.182 0.169
Mass2 (?.?g) 0.287 0.325 0.315 0.309
𝒎 𝟐 =
𝒗 𝟐 ∗ 𝒎 𝟏
𝒗 𝟏
=
𝟎. 𝟑𝟎𝟗 ∗ 𝟑. 𝟎
𝟎. 𝟏𝟔𝟗
= 𝟓. 𝟒𝟔𝟗𝒈

14. Product Idea:
Irrigation of Gardens automatically by
detecting soil moist
•‫لل‬ ‫عنها‬ ‫ينصرف‬ ً‫ا‬‫احيان‬ ‫ولكنه‬ ‫عظيم‬ ‫اهتمام‬ ‫منه‬ ‫تلقى‬ ‫حديقة‬ ‫أسرته‬ ‫منزل‬ ‫في‬ ‫لديه‬ ‫سعيد‬‫قد‬ ‫أو‬ ‫دراسة‬
‫بالماء‬ ‫الري‬ ‫عملية‬ ‫على‬ ‫المواظبه‬ ‫عدم‬ ‫بسب‬ ‫وصحته‬ ‫النبات‬ ‫مظهر‬ ‫تدهور‬ ، ‫أيام‬ ‫لمدة‬ ‫يسافر‬.‫ت‬‫عرف‬
‫في‬ ‫مساعدته‬ ‫زمالئه‬ ‫من‬ ‫فطلب‬ ‫بعد‬ ‫من‬ ‫والتحكم‬ ‫الحساسات‬ ‫عن‬ ‫التدريب‬ ‫ورش‬ ‫خالل‬ ‫من‬ ‫سعيد‬‫ابتكار‬
‫طريقة‬‫لري‬‫للماء‬ ‫حاجة‬ ‫في‬ ‫النبات‬ ‫كان‬ ‫ما‬ ‫متى‬ ً‫ا‬‫اتوماتيكي‬ ‫حديقته‬.‫وبالفعل‬‫فري‬ ‫عكف‬‫حتي‬ ‫البحث‬ ‫ق‬
‫توصل‬‫للفكرة‬.
•‫تعتمد‬‫أسفل‬ ‫للرطوبة‬ ‫حساس‬ ‫وبتركيب‬ ‫وذلك‬ ‫النبات‬ ‫جفاف‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الكشف‬ ‫علي‬ ‫الفكرة‬‫الت‬‫ربة‬‫وعند‬
‫لف‬ ‫التحكم‬ ‫خلية‬ ‫بواسطة‬ ‫تترجم‬ ‫كهربية‬ ‫إشارة‬ ‫يرسل‬ ‫التربة‬ ‫برطوبة‬ ‫الحساس‬ ‫استشعار‬‫مصدر‬ ‫دائرة‬ ‫تح‬
‫دائ‬ ‫وتعمل‬ ‫مغلقة‬ ‫الدائرة‬ ‫تظل‬ ‫التربة‬ ‫في‬ ‫رطوبة‬ ‫وجود‬ ‫استشعار‬ ‫عدم‬ ‫حالة‬ ‫في‬ ‫والعكس‬ ‫الماء‬‫مصدر‬ ‫رة‬
‫الماء‬.

15. Irrigation of Gardens automatically by
detecting soil moist
Materials and Methods
.1‫إشار‬ ‫وارسال‬ ‫التربة‬ ‫رطوبة‬ ‫استشعار‬ ‫وهي‬ ‫كيميائية‬ ‫فكرة‬ ‫علي‬ ‫يعتمد‬ ‫المنتج‬‫كهربائية‬ ‫ات‬
‫كهرومغناطيسية‬ ‫طاقة‬ ‫تحويلها‬ ‫يمن‬.
.2‫أ‬ ‫صرف‬ ‫والدولة‬ ‫المجتمع‬ ‫ويجنب‬ ‫الماء‬ ‫يحفظ‬ ‫ألنه‬ ‫للمجتمع‬ ‫مهم‬ ‫المشروع‬ ‫موضوع‬‫موال‬
‫االتوماتي‬ ‫بالمتابعة‬ ‫الزرع‬ ‫ويحفظ‬ ‫الحدائق‬ ‫ري‬ ‫على‬ ‫مشرفة‬ ‫عمالة‬ ‫تشغيل‬ ‫في‬‫كية‬.

16. Irrigation of Gardens automatically by
detecting soil moist
Results And Recommendations
•‫الطرقات‬ ‫تجميل‬ ‫وممرات‬ ‫العامة‬ ‫الحدائق‬ ‫ري‬ ‫في‬ ‫استخدامه‬ ‫يمكن‬ ‫المنتج‬ ‫هذا‬
‫بعيدة‬ ‫لمسافات‬ ‫الممتدة‬.
•‫والمنزلية‬ ‫الخاصة‬ ‫الحدائق‬ ‫ري‬ ‫في‬ ‫المنتج‬ ‫استخدام‬ ‫يمكن‬.
•‫التربة‬ ‫رطوبة‬ ‫اختبارات‬ ‫في‬ ‫المنتج‬ ‫استخدام‬ ‫يمكن‬.
•‫المنتج‬ ‫استخدام‬ ‫يمكن‬.‫العلوم‬ ‫طالب‬ ‫أبحاث‬ ‫في‬‫الزراعية‬.

17. Irrigation of Gardens automatically by
detecting soil moist
Recommendations
‫ال‬ ‫متابعة‬ ‫تكلفة‬ ‫لتقليل‬ ‫الدولة‬ ‫مستوي‬ ‫علي‬ ‫المنتج‬ ‫باستخدام‬ ‫نوصي‬‫العامة‬ ‫حدائق‬.
‫باختال‬ ‫الحساس‬ ‫فيها‬ ‫يوضع‬ ‫التي‬ ‫التربة‬ ‫اسفل‬ ‫المسافات‬ ‫تختلف‬ ‫قد‬‫النبات‬ ‫نوع‬ ‫ف‬
‫الس‬ ‫المصاحبة‬ ‫الدراسات‬ ‫من‬ ‫مزيد‬ ‫اجراء‬ ‫أو‬ ‫زراعيين‬ ‫الستشارة‬ ‫يحتاج‬ ‫وهذا‬‫تخدام‬
‫المنتج‬.
‫ع‬ ‫ذلك‬ ‫مراعاة‬ ‫ويجب‬ ،‫الرطوبة‬ ‫من‬ ‫عالية‬ ‫نسبة‬ ‫علي‬ ‫طقسها‬ ‫يحتوي‬ ‫دولة‬ ‫قطر‬‫ند‬
‫التربة‬ ‫رطوبة‬ ‫علي‬ ‫يعتمد‬ ‫منتج‬ ‫استخدام‬.

18. Conclusions
We have acquired many soft skills, knowledge
and technical skills. Have gained information
about new applications we did not know before
about sensors. We also learnt how to do
research.

19. Acknowledgment
Thank you to everyone who have Supported us During
our Journey In Al-bairaq Project.
We would also like to Thank Al-bairaq Team And The
Sponsors Who Gave us The Opportunity To Participate
In Al-bairaq Project, Create And Innovate.