Done by Rayyan group at Hamad Bin Abdullah Bin Jassim school. Under supervision from AL-Bairaq

1. Al-Bairaq
I am discovering materials
Smart Sensors
RAYYAN
AAYD ELGAHTANI NOEMY MUBARAK
SAEED MOHAMED MOHAMED TARIQ

2. Outline
• Introduction
• Activity 1: Evading Motion Detection
• Activity 2: Taking a Tour of Some Sensors
• Activity 3: Making a Microphone
• Activity 4: Exploring the Piezo Effect: The inside story
• Activity 5: Measuring the Piezoelectric & Pyroelectric
Response
• Design Project: Designing A Coin Counter
• Product Idea: Accident Prevention Using Eyes Blinking
and Head Movement

3. Introduction
• A sensor is a device that detects and
responds to some type of input from the
physical environment. The specific input
could be light, heat, motion, moisture,
pressure, or any one of a great number of
other environmental phenomena. The output
is generally a signal that is converted to
human-readable display at the sensor
location or transmitted electronically over a
network for reading or further processing.

4. Activity 1: Evading Motion Detector
Objective: Trying to evade a motion detector sensor by
predicting it’s range and functionality:
Procedures: We tried evading the motion sensor by:
• Predicting it's range
• Puttying different batteries
• Using cardboard and plastic even cloth
• We also tried to walk really slow

5. Activity 1: Evading Motion Detector
Results:
• Range reach about 5.5feet.
• Range area was a conical shape.
• The sensor responds to change in temperature.
Conclusion:
• We found out that the only way to evade the motion
detector is by placing an isolating materials
between us an the sensor.

6. Activity 2: Taking A Tour Of Some Sensors
Objectives:
• To explore different types of sensors.
• Understand the different types of stimuli
and responses
Procedure:
• Four devices were placed front of us
• We have to compare between them.

7. Activity 2: Taking A Tour Of Some Sensors
Conclusion :
• after exploring many sensors ,we realized that each smart sensor has
a different stimulus and different response depending on its purpose.
Sensor Stimulus Response
Music card Opening the card Sound
Shoe Pressure Light
Talking tom Sound and Touch Sound (recorded voice)
Sound birds Sound and touch Sound & Movement
As we explored some types of smart sensor, we concluded the
following :

8. Objective:
Make and understand how the microphone works.
Procedures:
• We made a microphone from a PVDF film.
• We used flexible PVDF and rigid PVDF.
PVDF Rigid Rigid attached to
substance
Flexible Flexible attached
to substance
Flick Clear Sound Clear Sound Faint Sound Faint Sound
Scratch Medium Sound Clear Sound Clear Sound Clear Sound
Blow Faint Sound Faint Sound Clear Sound Clear Sound
Talk Faint Sound Faint Sound Clear Sound Clear Sound
Conclusion : after testing them out , we found out that the flexible PVDF is more sensitive
Activity 3: Making a Microphone

9. ACTIVITY 4: EXPLORING THE PIEZO
EFFECT: THE INSIDE STORY
Objectives: To recognize the structure of polymer model of C2F2H2:
Part a: building the
PVDF monomer
We used the molecular - kits
to build the monomer
C2F2H2 (Difluoroethylene)
Part b: building the PVDF
polymer
Then we built the PVDF
(Polyvinylidene fluoride) of
the repeating units of
C2F2H2.
Part c: Seeing the structure at
work
When bending the film we noticed that
bending one direction produces a
positive voltage and a bend in the
opposite direction Produces a
negative voltage. the faster the
bending the large potential
We learnt that the Piezoelectric effect is the ability of certain material to
generate an electric charge in response to applied mechanical stress.

10. Mass V1 V2 V3 Average
Small 0.032 0.076 0.036 -0.048
Medium 0.056 0.110 0.051 -0.072
Large 0.126 0.149 0.227 -0.167
Activity 5: Measuring The Piezoelectric &
Pyroelectric Response
Procedure:
• We dropped iron balls on the PVDF and we recorded the voltage
Height v1 v2 v3 Average
5in 0.037 0.012 0.037 0.029
10in 0.120 0.076 0.032 0.076
First We tested different ball sizes all dropped from the
same height
Then we tested different heights for the same ball size

11. ACTIVITY 5: MEASURING THE PIEZOELECTRIC
& PYROELECTRIC RESPONSE
Conclusion:
During test the biggest ball gave us the most voltage. And the higher the drop
gave us more voltage as well. From that we concluded that the more pressure
applied to the PVDF the more voltage we will get.
Also hotter temperature gave us negative voltage while colder gave us positive
one. The voltage response was continuous and not instantaneous as pressure.
Voltage Temperate
-0.115 31
-0.164 46
Part B : we used the hair dryer to test the pyro electricity of the PVDF

12. Design Project: Coin Counter
The aim of this project is to apply what we have learnt during
the previous activities to construct an actual application.
Procedures:
• Drop three coins on the PVDF then make a table
for the mass and the voltage.
• We had one known mass of one of the coins
• After that we dropped the coins from the same
height for three times on the PVDF then we took
the average.
• From the equation below we calculated the mass.
𝒎 𝟏
𝒗 𝟏
=
𝒎 𝟐
𝒗 𝟐

13. Design Project: Coin Counter
Conclusion :
We learnt that we can make many useful application using the
piezoelectric effect.
Mass v1 v2 v3 Average
Mass1 (3.0g) 0.149 0.175 0.182 0.169
Mass2 (?.?g) 0.287 0.325 0.315 0.309
𝒎 𝟐 =
𝒗 𝟐 ∗ 𝒎 𝟏
𝒗 𝟏
=
𝟎. 𝟑𝟎𝟗 ∗ 𝟑. 𝟎
𝟎. 𝟏𝟔𝟗
= 𝟓. 𝟒𝟔𝟗𝒈

14. Accident Prevention Using Eyes Blinking and
Head Movement
Product Idea
•‫الفكرة‬ ‫تعتمد‬‫الكشف‬ ‫علي‬‫أعراض‬ ‫عن‬‫الس‬ ‫أثناء‬ ‫والنوم‬ ‫التعب‬‫عن‬ ‫ياقة‬
‫عند‬ ،‫االهتزاز‬ ‫استشعار‬ ‫جهاز‬ ‫طريق‬‫شعور‬‫الن‬ ‫أ‬ ‫بالتعب‬ ‫السائق‬‫وم‬
‫ويبعث‬ ‫ذلك‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الحساس‬ ‫يكشف‬‫إ‬‫التنب‬ ‫لدائرة‬ ‫كهربية‬ ‫شارات‬‫يه‬
‫للتحكم‬ ‫بربطه‬ ‫الفكرة‬ ‫تطوير‬ ‫ويمكن‬ ‫الصوتية‬‫السرعة‬ ‫في‬.

15. Accident Prevention Using Eyes Blinking and Head
Movement
Product Idea
.1‫الس‬ ‫نبض‬ ‫في‬ ‫االنخفاض‬ ‫يحول‬ ‫الذي‬ ‫النبض‬ ‫حساس‬ ‫علي‬ ‫يعتمد‬ ‫المنتج‬‫الي‬ ‫ائق‬
‫ا‬ ‫التحكم‬ ‫خلية‬ ‫وبفعل‬ ،‫صوتية‬ ‫طاقة‬ ‫الي‬ ‫تحويلها‬ ‫يمكن‬ ‫كهربية‬ ‫إشارات‬‫لدقيق‬
(microcontroller)
.2‫موضوع‬‫ويجن‬ ‫األولويات‬ ‫وينظم‬ ‫الحقوق‬ ‫يحفظ‬ ‫ألنه‬ ‫للمجتمع‬ ‫مهم‬ ‫المشروع‬‫ب‬
‫الوقت‬ ‫وضياع‬ ‫هدر‬ ‫والمواطنين‬ ‫العمل‬ ‫أصحاب‬.
(‫البحث‬ ‫)هدف‬
‫بسب‬ ‫التركيز‬ ‫فقدان‬ ‫أو‬ ‫النوم‬ ‫من‬ ‫المركبات‬ ‫سائقي‬ ‫يمنع‬ ‫منتج‬ ‫علي‬ ‫الحصول‬‫النعاس‬ ‫ب‬

16. Accident Prevention Using Eyes Blinking and Head
Movement
Product Story
•‫المروري‬ ‫السالمة‬ ‫عن‬ ‫توعوية‬ ‫محاضرة‬ ‫العاشر‬ ‫الصف‬ ‫طالب‬ ‫حضر‬‫ة‬
‫ال‬ ‫أو‬ ‫الزائد‬ ‫االرق‬ ‫بسبب‬ ‫تقع‬ ‫الحوادث‬ ‫معظم‬ ‫أن‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الحديث‬ ‫ودار‬‫نوم‬
‫المركبات‬ ‫لسائقي‬.‫وقو‬ ‫لتجنب‬ ‫وسيلة‬ ‫في‬ ‫يفكر‬ ‫محمد‬ ‫وخرج‬‫ع‬
‫البحث‬ ‫لمجموعة‬ ‫الموضوع‬ ‫إثارة‬ ‫وبعد‬ ‫الحوادث‬(‫الريان‬)‫نبعت‬ ،
‫ي‬ ‫ثم‬ ‫ومن‬ ‫النوم‬ ‫أو‬ ‫النعاس‬ ‫حالة‬ ‫يستشعر‬ ‫حساس‬ ‫تصميم‬ ‫فكرة‬‫نبه‬
‫السائق‬.

17. Accident Prevention Using Eyes Blinking and
Head Movement
Results
•‫استخدامه‬ ‫يمكن‬ ‫المنتج‬ ‫هذا‬‫العامة‬ ‫المركبات‬ ‫أنواع‬ ‫جميع‬
‫والخاصة‬.
•‫استخدام‬ ‫يمكن‬‫ا‬ ‫مثل‬ ‫التركيز‬ ‫تتطلب‬ ‫التي‬ ‫للمهن‬ ‫المنتج‬‫لمصاانع‬
‫والمخارط‬(‫التورنات‬)
•‫استخدام‬ ‫يمكن‬‫للدول‬ ‫الهامة‬ ‫االماكن‬ ‫في‬ ‫األمن‬ ‫لحراس‬ ‫المنتج‬‫ة‬.
•‫استخدام‬ ‫يمكن‬‫المنتج‬.‫والحراسات‬ ‫الجوية‬ ‫في‬ ‫الرقابة‬ ‫البراج‬
‫والسجون‬.

18. Accident Prevention Using Eyes Blinking and
Head Movement
Recommendations
‫وهما‬ ‫مقترحين‬ ‫شكلين‬ ‫في‬ ‫المنتج‬ ‫بتبني‬ ‫نوصي‬:‫عل‬ ‫حساس‬ ‫جهاز‬‫شكل‬ ‫ي‬
‫النبض‬ ‫مقياس‬ ‫في‬ ‫التغير‬ ‫يستشعر‬ ‫يد‬ ‫ساعة‬‫اشارات‬ ‫الي‬ ‫ويحوله‬‫ثم‬ ‫كهربية‬
‫صوتية‬ ‫الى‬.(Glass)‫نضارة‬ ‫هو‬ ‫االخر‬ ‫والشكل‬‫عينين‬‫يستخدم‬‫فيها‬
‫اهتزاز‬ ‫حساس‬‫النبض‬ ‫مستشعر‬ ‫عن‬ ‫بدال‬

19. Conclusions
• We have acquired many skills, knowledge and
technical, and we gain information about new
applications we did not know before about
sensors.

20. Acknowledgment
Thank you to everyone who have Supported us During our
Journey In Al-bairaq Project.
We would also like to Thank Al-bairaq Team And The
Sponsors Who Gave us The Opportunity To Participate In
Al-bairaq Project, Create And Innovate.