Denis J. Sonwa, Goetz Schroth, Stephan F. Weise, Marc J. J. Janssen, Howard Shapiro, James Gockowski Presentation for the conference on Taking stock of smallholders and community forestry Montpellier France March 24-26, 2010

7. Management of plantations & biodiversity conservation 3 types of cocoa plantations, Cameroon*  Different types of cocoa agroforests, similar total basal area, but different structures ( i.e. habitat) *Sonwa (2004) Type A Type B Type C P Age of plantation establishment 37 a 30 ab 24 b 0.02 Cocoa (trees/ha) 918 c 1756 a 106 0 b 0.00 Cocoa (Basal area/ha) 6 a 6 a 3 b 0.00 Musa spp. (trees/ha) 53 a 21ab 11 b 0.09 Oil palm (trees/ha) 46 a 18 b 23 b 0.02 High value timber (trees/ha) 27 b 49 a 61 a 0.00 Indigenous fruit trees (trees/ha) 31 b 41 ab 62 a 0.01 Exotic fruit trees (trees/ha) 23 20 25 0.81 Other trees (trees/ha) 121 b 131 b 212 a 0.00 Total tree density/ha 1218c 2036 a 1453 b 0.00 Total basal area/ha 38 33 33 0.50

8. Smallholder chocolate forest & climate change mitigation Carbon stock: cocoa agroforest & other land uses, Cameroon Adapted from Nolte et al. (2001) Beside forests, cocoa agroforest store more carbon than other land uses

9. Carbon Stock along an Intensification Gradient (Mg ha -1 ) Associated plants stored: *70 % of the total carbon stock of the plantation. * 13 times the carbon found in cocoa trees P: Probability; HFZ: Humid forest zone Means not sharing a common letter in a column are significantly different at 0.05 probability The soil under trees stored around 15% of the total carbon stock of the cocoa agroforest Smallholder chocolate forest in climate change mitigation Zone ------------------Carbon pool--------------------- Total Associated plants Cocoa tree Litter Root Soil Ebolowa 173 11 b 4 18 38 243 Mbalmayo 170 11 b 4 18 35 238 Yaoundé 168 17 a 5 19 39 247 HFZ 170 13 4 18 37 243 P 0.10 0.00 0.36 0.10 0.48 0.98

12. Trade-off between socio-economic functions & ecological services challenge: How to compensate for losses resulting from low production because of shade? * Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana(CRIG) annual reports1960-1982 Shade vs. Cocoa production, Ghana*

13. Main destinations of products from smallholder chocolate forest, Cameroon Potential that can help increase the service offer by cocoa AF Trade-off between socio-economic functions & ecological services Goods & services resulting from these components have not been fully commercialized Urban and peri-urban Village Cocoa agoforest Abroad Cocoa Main proportion of cocoa beans Small national transformation Timber Commercialization of the main proportion Constru-ction purpose Edible NWFP and exotic plants Commercialization of average proportion Very little quantity Household consumption Shade plant species Craft industry and other services