This document discusses skin functions, problems, and solutions. It covers topics like epidermis and dermis structure, oil production, comedones, acne pathogenesis and treatment, UV damage, skin aging manifestations, wrinkles, pigmentation, dry skin, and technological solutions. The key points are that skin has barrier, sweat, blood vessel, and nerve functions; acne is caused by increased sebum and bacteria; UV damage impacts DNA and causes free radicals; skin aging results in collagen/elastin loss and wrinkles; and lifestyle habits and new technologies can help maintain healthy skin.

2. 6/20/2021 2
Roel S. Tolentino, MD, MBA, FPCS, FACS, FPSGS, FPSO, FMOSP
Surgical Oncologist
Professor of Surgery Level IV
Wellness and Personality Coach
Past President - Philippine Society of Oncology

9. 1
• SKIN PROBLEMS
2
• SOLUTIONS
3
• TECHNOLOGY

10. SKIN PROBLEMS

11. Skin Functions
Epidermis barrier
• Waterproof
• Protect from UV

12. Skin Functions
Dermis
• Sweat glands
• Blood vessels
• Nerve endings

13. Skin Functions
Fat under dermis
• insulation

14. 14
EPIDERMIS
The stratum corneum made essentially of dead cells
is exfoliating.

15. 15
DERMIS
The dermis is where the collagen and elastin fibers
are (for the skin structure and elasticity).

18. 19
OIL PRODUCTION
• Oil is produced in the sebaceous gland, production
is stimulated by hormones.

19. 20
COMEDONES

20. 21
COMEDONES
Whiteheads are closed comedones
The obstructed follicle prevents oil flow and
provides an oil reservoir for bacterial growth
They lead to inflammation

21. 22
COMEDONES
Blackheads are open comedones
The color is due oxidized lipids
Blackheads are not inflammatory

23. 24
Pathogenesis of acne

24. 25
Increases sebum secretion
The cause of acne (1)
The effect of Androgen hormones
I’m Androgen
Hyperkeratinization

25. 26
The cause of acne (2)
The effect of Propionobacterium acnes
We love
sebum
Hydrolyzes sebum
Free fatty acids
Inflammatory acne

26. 27
ACNE TREATMENT
• Drugs
• Dermatological Procedures
• Cosmetics

28. 29
COSMETICS : FUNCTIONS
Cleansing
Moisturizing
UV protection
Anti Aging - Wrinkle
Anti Acne & Oily skin
Anti Pigmentation

29. 30

30. 31
UVB DAMAGE
• UVB impact on DNA in the cell creating damages which
may lead to cancer

31. 32
UVA DAMAGE
• UVA acts through an oxidative stress, forming free
radicals (reactive oxygen species) that will damage the
DNA
• Reactive oxygen species create damages leading to cancer
• Pigment production is the defense mechanism

32. 33
UVA DAMAGE

33. SPF, or Sun Protection Factor, is a measure of how well a sunscreen
will protect skin from UVB rays.
your skin burn after 10 minutes in the sun
applying an SPF 15 sunscreen would allow you to
stay in the sun without burning for approximately
150 minutes
a factor of 15 times longer

36. 37
MANIFESTATION OF SKIN
AGING
• Dermis :
• destruction of collagen and elastin fibers network
• Reduction of proteins
• increase in elastin synthesis : elastosis

38. 39
WRINKLES
Expression lines :
• they are the first manifestation
• due to constant creasing of the face
• accentuated by environmental factors

39. 40
WRINKLES
Gravity lines :
skin and muscle structure become slack and droops
downwards
flabby cheeks, double chin, bags under the eyes and
drooping eyelids

40. they appear around the eyes (crow’s feet), the nose and
mouth (naso-labial fold), forehead (frown lines)

41. 42
PIGMENTATION
• Melanins are transferred from the melanocyte to the
keratinocyte layers

45. Dry Skin and Itching
• As we age – lower legs, elbows, and forearms
• Causes – low humidity
• Loss of sweat and oil glands
• Overuse of soaps, perfumes, hot bathes, deodorants

46. Dry Skin and Itching
• Moisturizer to reduce water loss/soothe skin
• Lotions

47. 48
SOLUTIONS

48. Basic SkinNeeds
•Water
•Cleanse and Exfoliate
•Tone and Hydrate
•Moisturise and Protect

50. Undamaged
Skin Cell
The look of healthy skin

51. Dry Skin Cell
Dry Skin Cell Dry Skin Cells
Dry Skin

52. Dry Skin Cell
Oil
Oily Pore
Oily Skin

54. IV Glutathione

55. TECHNOLOGY

59. Photodynamic therapy
Green Light emitting diode

60. BB GLOW

61. Radiofrequency

64. LOGITECH C920 HD PRO
WEBCAM
1080p at 30fps

77. Handout 4
Maintain a Healthy Skin
• Eat a healthy diet
• Exercise
• Sleep well
• Protect yourself from the sun

78. Handout 4
Maintain a Healthy Skin
• Avoid antibacterial or antimicrobial soaps
• Avoid using talc powders

82. Questions?