This document provides information on biology topics including cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, reproduction, heredity, evolution, and ecology. It covers the basic structures and functions of plant and animal cells and tissues. It also discusses several plant and animal organ systems including excretory, circulatory, respiratory, and nervous systems. Reproduction topics include asexual and sexual reproduction as well as gamete formation and fertilization in plants and animals. Principles of heredity, evolution, and ecology are also summarized.

7. (nuron nerve cell) Impulse
1. (cell body)
2. (dendrite)
3. (axon)
. Myelinated nerve fiber
myelin sheath Schwann cell, myelin sheath
Node of Ranvier
. Non – myelinated nerve fiber Schwann
cell
Myelin sheath Schwann cell
. (Unipolar Neuron)
. (Bipolar Neuron) Dendrite 1
Axon 1
. (Multipolar neuron) Dendrite
Axon
. (Sensory neuron)
Impulse
. (Motor neuron) impulse
. (Association neuron Interneuron)
1

8. (Hormone)
(Target Organ)
tissue hormone
steroid
steroid –oid, -gen, -ol, -one –one m
Neurohemal organ
Neurohormone Neurosecretory cell Hypothalamus
Neurosecretory cell
Releasing hormones RH
Inhibiting hormone IH
Neurosecretory cell Axon
1. Oxytocin
2. ADH Vasopressin
Reproduction
I. Asexual reproduction
1. Fission
2. Budding
3. Fragmentation
4. Regeneration
5. Sporulation
6. Vegetative propagation
II. Sexual reproduction
Spermatogenesis
Oogenesis
2

9. Hormone
1. GnRH FSH LH
2. FSH sperm Seminiferous tubule
3. LH Interstitial cell Androgen Androgen Testosterone
Androsterone
Hormone
1. GnRH
2. FSH Follicle
3. LH FSH Corpus luteum
4. Estrogen Graafian follicle
5. Progesterone Corpus luteum Estrogen
LH
6. Oxytocin
7. Prostaglandin
8. Prolactin
Cell cycle Cell DNA Organelles
I. Interphase
. G1 phase RNA
. S phase DNA
. G2 phase DNA RNA organelles
II. Division Phase
. Karyokinesis
1. Mitosis
2. Meiosis
. Cytokinesis
Division phase Mitosis G1 phase
G0 phase Meiosis
egg egg Meiosis Cell cycle
3

10. Meiosis gene Prophase I
Meiosis
Open circulation
Closed circulation
Blood
I.Element %
. Erythrocyte
. Leucocyte
. Platelet
II.Plasma Plasma protein
. Albumin
. Fibrinogen
. Globulin
Plasma – Fibrinogen = Serum
Blood Clotting
Blood Pressure
Systolic pressure -
Diastolic pressure -
1. Arterial System
Aorta Artery Arteriole Capillary
2. Venosus system
Capillary Venule Vein Vena Cava
Lymphatic organ
1. Spleen
2. Lymph node
3. Tonsil gland
4. Thymus gland
4

11. Excretion Metabolism
Flame cell
Annelid Metanephridium Arthropod Malpighian tubule
Vertebrate Kidney
Kidney
1. Cortex Nephron Nephron Nephron
. glomerulus
. Bowman’s capsule
. Convoluted tubule
Proximal tubule, Loop of Henle Distal tubule
Distal tubule Collecting tubule Medulla
2. Medulla Renal papilla, Renal pyramid, Calyx Renal pelvis
Renal pelvis Ureter Urinary blader
Urethra
Filtration Glomerulus Boman’s capsule
Reabsorption Proximal tubule Distal tubule
ADH Aldosterone
Homeostasis (Homeostasis)
1.
2.
3. pH
4.
(Transpiration)
Stomata Lentical
2.
3.
4.
5.
6. Stomata
5

12. 1.
2.
3.
1. Physical faction pH
2. Biological factor
Community Habitat Biome Ecotone
Biosphere
species
1. Protocooperation +,+
2. Mutualism +,+
3. Commensalism
4. Predation +,- Predator +, Prey -
5. Parasitism +,- Parasite +, Host -
6. Antibiosis -
7. Competition - ,-
Commuity
1. Producer
2. Consumer
Herbivore Carnivore Omnivore Detritivore
3. Decomposer – Saprophyte
Food chain
1. Predator food chain
2. Parasitic food chain
3. Detritous food chain
Food web food chain chain
Energy transport
1. Pyramid of energy (net productivity)
2. Pyramid of biomass
3. Pyramid of numbers
6

13. Biological magnification
Succession
1. Primary succession
(Virgin) (Pioneer community)
(climax community
2. Secondary succession
(Global warming)
(greenhouse effect)
(greenhouse gases)
(ozone depletion)
UV-C
(CFCs)
(sustainable development)
REDUCE
REUSE
RECYCLE
Plant tissue
I. Meristem
. Apical meristem
. Intercalary meristem
. Lateral meristem
Primary meristem
1. Protoderm Epidermis
2. Ground meristem Cortex
3. Procambium Stele
7

14. II. Permanent tissue
. Simple permanent tissue Epidermis, Parenchyma, Cellenchyma
Sclerenchyma (Fiber Stone cell) Cork
. Complex permanent tissue
1. Xylem Tracheid, Vessel, Fiber Parenchyma
2. Phloem Sievetube member , Companion Cell, Parenchyma Fiber
1. Root Cap
2. Zone of cell division
3. Zone of elongation
4. Zone of maturation Root hair)
1. Epidermis
2. Cortex Parenchyma Endodermis
3. Stele Pericycle Phloem Cambium Xylum Phloem
(Node) (Internode) 3
1. Epidermis
2. cortex Collenchyma Parenchyma Endodermis
3. Stele Pericycle Phloem Xylem Cambium
Bascular bundle
1. Osmosis
2. Imbibitiion
Root hair (Epidermis) Cortex Endodermis (Plasmodesmata)
Xylem
8

15. 1. Root pressure
2. Capillary action – Adhesion
3. Transpiration pull – Cohesion
Mesophyll Companion cell Sieve tube member
Pollen grain
Egg
Polination Pollen grain Anther Pollen grain Stigma
Fertilization Pollen grain Polen tube Style tube nucleus generative nucleus
Mitosis sperm (n) 2 Tube nucleus Micropyle
Fertilization
Sperm Egg Zygote (2n)
Embryo
Fertilization
Sperm Polar nuclei Endosperm (3n)
Double fertilization
Alternation of generation gametophyte (n) sporophyte (2n)
Moss Fern
Male gametophte = Pollen grain
Female gametophyte = Embryo sac Sporphyte =
9

16. 10

17. 11

18. 12

19. 13

20. 14

21. 15

22. 16

23. 17

24. 18

25. 19

26. 20

27. 21

28. 22

29. 23

30. 24

31. 25

32. 26

33. 27

34. 28

35. 29

36. 30

37. 31

38. 32

39. 33

40. 34

41. 35

42. 36

43. 37

44. 38

45. 39

46. 40

47. 41

48. 42

49. 43

50. 44

51. 45

52. 46

53. 47

54. 48

55. 49

56. 50

57. 51

58. 52

59. 53

60. 54

61. 55

62. 56

63. 57

64. 1. R r
q
1.
x
1,000 AA 100 AB BB
,000 AB
, 3. 4. 3,
Integration coulters
CNS
Node of Ranviers PNS
Depolariration
K - MV
- MV - MV
- MV MV
Insulin Glucagon Insulin Glucagon
3. Insulin Glucagon Insulin Glucagon
58

65. 1. Estrogen 2. Calcium
2. Norepinephrin 4. Thymosin
Dwarfism
Cretinism
10.
Haploia
Seminal Vesicle
3. Semen
Peristalsis
1. rectum
hepatic portal vein
, ,
Trypsim 2. Dipeptidase
2. Enteropeptidase 4. Carboxypeptidase
59

66. 15.
cardic output
, ml 2. 1,750 ml
3. 1,000 ml ,800 ml
Atrioventricular node Purkinje fibers
Ventricle
Atrium Atrium Ventricle
A 2. B
3. C 4. B C
Primary phloem
Protoderm 2. Ground tissue
3. Procambium 4. Vasuular cambium
20.
,
Xylem , periderm
Vascular cambium, Xylem Xylem
Secondary Xylem, Secondary phloem Vascular cambium
Cortex Stele
Casparian strip 2. phloem
3. Endodermal cytoplasm 4. Xylem
60

67. 22. Meiosis
Ovule 2. Ovary
3. Megasporangium 4. Anther
23.
1. Ovule – egg 2. Seed – Zygote
3. Microspore – pollengrain 4. Embryo sac – Female gametophyte
24. Endosperm
1.
x
61

68. 62

69. 63

70. 64

77. เฉลยวิชา ชีววิทยา
โครงการ สรุปเข้ม 7
ข้อ ตอบ ข้อ ตอบ
1. 4 13. 3
2. 4 14. 4
3. 2 15. 1
4. 3 16. 4
5. 4 17. 3
6. 2 18. 3
7. 1 19. 3
8. 3 20. 1
9. 4 21. 3
10. 1 22. 2
11. 2 23. 4
12. 4 24. 3