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The document analyzes the frequency and types of congenital heart diseases in newborns admitted to Tuschinskaya Children's Hospital from 2000 to 2009. It found that septal defects were the most common at 95.6% of cases, with atrial septal defects being the most frequent at 80.5%. The median frequency of congenital heart diseases in newborns each year was 4%. Patients were treated medically to address symptoms until they could undergo surgical treatment. A case study of a newborn with atrioventricular septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus requiring intensive care treatment is also described.
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2. It outlines the diagnostic considerations for cyanotic heart disease versus lung disease, including clinical characteristics like "happy" tachypnea, differential cyanosis, murmurs, the hyperoxia test, chest x-ray findings, and electrocardiograms.
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- Diagnosis involves echocardiogram, EKG changes and ruling out other causes. Treatment is intensive dialysis, medications like NSAIDs or colchicine, and pericardiocentesis for large effusions or tamponade.
- Prognosis is generally good with early management but pericarditis was once common in renal failure and can still cause morbidity or mortality if
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Cardiac tamponade
Pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade are conditions caused by an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pericardial space. Cardiac tamponade occurs when excess fluid buildup leads to reduced ventricular filling and hemodynamic compromise. Symptoms include breathlessness, chest pain, and hypotension. Diagnosis is made through ECG, echocardiogram, and x-ray. Treatment depends on severity but may include medications, drainage of fluid via pericardiocentesis, or surgery. Cardiac tamponade requires urgent pericardiocentesis to drain fluid and prevent further hemodynamic compromise.
Medical management of GI bleeding
Upper GI bleeding is a common medical emergency that requires rapid assessment and management. The main causes are peptic ulcer disease, portal hypertension, and vascular malformations. Treatment involves fluid resuscitation, blood transfusion if needed, acid suppression with PPIs, and somatostatin analogues like octreotide for variceal bleeding. PPIs reduce rates of rebleeding but do not impact mortality. Antibiotics are recommended for cirrhotic patients with GI bleeding to prevent infection.
Peripheral vascular disease
Peripheral vascular disease (PVD) is a circulation disorder causing narrowing of blood vessels outside the heart and brain. There are two types: functional PVD involves no structural damage while organic PVD causes inflammation and tissue damage. Common causes include atherosclerosis, blood clots, diabetes, and vasculitis. Risk factors are family history of heart disease, age over 50, smoking, obesity, and diabetes. Symptoms range from leg pain with walking to sores or color changes. Diagnosis involves blood pressure tests and imaging of blood vessels. Treatment includes lifestyle changes, medications, surgery such as stents and bypass grafts, and preventing complications like amputation.
History and physical examination of congenital heart disease
Congenital heart disease is the most common birth defect, responsible for significant newborn mortality. A thorough physical exam remains important for detecting heart defects and assessing severity despite advances in noninvasive diagnosis. Cyanosis, tachypnea, feeding difficulties, and failure to thrive are common symptoms in infants with congenital heart disease. A detailed family, birth, and medical history is essential to identify risk factors and guide evaluation and management.
Hypertension
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ESRD pericarditis / Uremic Pericarditis
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Peripheral artery disease nikku
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a common circulatory problem where narrowed arteries reduce blood flow to the limbs, most commonly affecting the legs. It is usually caused by atherosclerosis and risk factors include smoking, diabetes, and hypertension. Symptoms may range from intermittent leg pain with walking to leg ulcers or gangrene. Diagnosis involves tests like ankle-brachial index and angiography. Treatment focuses on risk factor modification through medication, exercise and lifestyle changes, with surgical or minimally invasive procedures for more severe cases.
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PCCM 86
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1. It defines cyanosis and discusses the physiological causes, such as pulmonary venous desaturation, right-to-left shunting, and complete mixing.
2. It outlines the diagnostic considerations for cyanotic heart disease versus lung disease, including clinical characteristics like "happy" tachypnea, differential cyanosis, murmurs, the hyperoxia test, chest x-ray findings, and electrocardiograms.
3. It categorizes different types of cyanotic heart disease based on their dependence on the ductus arteriosus, including lesions with severe pulmonary obstruction that are ductus-dependent and
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IHD and CRF by Dr akhtar Totakhail اخترمحمد طوطاخیل
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اليوم العالمي لارتفاع ضغط الدم الرئوي - World-ph-day
اليوم العالمي لارتفاع ضغط الدم الرئوي - World-ph-day
History and physical examination of congenital heart disease
History and physical examination of congenital heart disease
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Creating personas can be a great way to segment your customer base into marketable audiences. Follow along as we lay out how to create a killer customer persona.
Kyaw thura zaw
1) The document compares poly-chemotherapy (CVD regimen) and the same chemotherapy (CT) plus interferon-α2a in treating metastatic melanoma.
2) It studies 15 patients receiving either CVD alone or CVD plus interferon-α2a and finds the response rate was highest in the combined treatment group, though not significantly.
3) The median survival was 12 months for both groups, with the combined treatment group having a slightly higher average survival time.
Aung citt nyein
This study evaluated the efficacy and toxicity of a complex combination biochemotherapy regimen for 25 patients with advanced metastatic melanoma. A complete response was seen in 2 patients, partial response in 2 patients, and stable disease in 9 patients. The most common toxicities were lethargy, fever, nausea, vomiting, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, and neutropenia. Doses of vindesine, cisplatin, and IL-2 often had to be reduced due to toxicities. The regimen showed an objective response rate of 16% with an 8% complete response rate, but dose reductions were frequently required due to treatment-related side effects.
Zaw htet
1) This study analyzed prognostic factors that influence survival in patients with relapsed follicular lymphoma by examining clinical data from 151 patients.
2) Univariate analysis found that factors like older age, poorer performance status, advanced stage, short duration of response to initial therapy, and not achieving complete response were associated with worse survival.
3) Multivariate analysis identified that duration of response to initial therapy and performance status at relapse were the most important predictors of long-term survival, with patients having responses lasting 2+ years or good performance status having longer 5-year survival.
PPC Attribution: A Portent & Hanapin Webinar
Michael Wiegand and Cassie Oumedian walk through choosing an attribution model for your business that'll give you greater insight into paid campaign performance. Last click attribution is dead. Bury it and move on to another model!
Aung thiha soe
Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. This retrospective study analyzed 95 patients with stage III-IV non-small cell lung cancer treated with first-line combination chemotherapy and second-line single-agent chemotherapy. The study found that the gemcitabine, platinum-based chemotherapy, and radiotherapy (GPR) regimen had a higher clinical response rate (21.3%) compared to other regimens. Leucopenia and fatigue were common toxicities for first-line treatment, while diarrhea was common for second-line treatment. The study concluded that while no regimen was statistically significantly better, GPR appeared to be more effective with acceptable toxicity.
Tanl power point
The study aimed to examine respiratory diseases in newborns, especially respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), and the relationship between gestational age, birth weight and RDS. It analyzed 30 newborns admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit and neonatal department from January to February 2008. The findings were that RDS predominantly affects preterm infants under 32 weeks gestation. Treatment for RDS included surfactant therapy, CPAP, ventilation and antibiotics. Combinations and durations of antibiotics depended on the diagnosis and severity of the condition.
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04 2 25 Cardiac新2009
The document discusses cardiovascular disorders in children, including congenital heart diseases like ventricular septal defect (VSD). It provides details on the anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular system in children, changes after birth, and diagnostic techniques for congenital heart diseases such as echocardiography and catheterization. VSD is described as a hole in the septum between the right and left ventricles allowing left-to-right shunting, which can cause congestive heart failure or pulmonary hypertension.
Congenital Heart Disease & Surgical Management
Congenital heart disease (CHD) refers to problems in heart structure present at birth. It affects 3-5% of births and causes up to 33% of neonatal deaths. Symptoms depend on the specific defect but may include cyanosis, difficulty breathing, and failure to thrive. Diagnosis involves a physical exam, ECG, echocardiogram, and other tests. Treatment ranges from surgery to correct defects like ventricular septal defects, patent ductus arteriosus, and tetralogy of Fallot to multi-stage procedures for single ventricle conditions like hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Nursing care focuses on nutritional support, infection prevention, reducing heart workload, monitoring for heart failure, and educating families
Congenital heart disease
Mr. Surendra Sharma discusses several congenital heart diseases including their definitions, causes, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic evaluations, and management. He provides details on ventricular septal defect (VSD), atrial septal defect (ASD), patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of the great arteries, coarctation of the aorta, and pulmonary stenosis. The document contains in-depth information on the incidence, characteristics, and treatment of these common congenital heart conditions.
Acute rheumatic fever & Rheumatic Heart Disease
Acute Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease, are two common conditions in children between 3-15 years of age following a Group B Streptococcal throat infection. We discuss these two conditions in the slides above, as well as their management.
Congenital Heart Defects
The document discusses various congenital heart defects including their definition, etiology, classification as acyanotic or cyanotic, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. Specific defects covered include atrial septal defects, ventricular septal defects, patent ductus arteriosus, and atrioventricular septal defects. The treatment sections provide guidelines for managing each defect medically or surgically depending on its size and severity.
Venous Thromboembolism
VTE refers to deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, which share common risk factors and pathophysiology. Risk factors include immobilization, recent surgery or trauma, inherited or acquired hypercoagulable states, and certain medical conditions. Signs and symptoms of DVT include leg pain and swelling, while PE presents with dyspnea, chest pain, and potentially hemodynamic instability in severe cases. Diagnosis involves clinical assessment, imaging like ultrasound or CT, and blood tests like D-dimer and Wells criteria. Treatment consists of anticoagulation with heparins or warfarin to prevent clot extension and recurrence.
congenital-diseases.pptx
This document discusses congenital heart diseases, including:
- Congenital heart disease occurs in 0.5-0.8% of live births and is more common in stillborns, abortuses, and premature infants. Diagnosis is usually made within the first month of life.
- The most common congenital heart lesions are ventricular septal defects, atrial septal defects, patent ductus arteriosus, coarctation of the aorta, and tetralogy of Fallot.
- While most congenital defects are tolerated in utero due to the fetal circulatory system, after birth when these pathways close the full impact of defects becomes apparent.
- Congenital heart diseases can be
Valvular Heart Disease-1,Lecture 3 (1).pdf
1) Rheumatic valvular heart disease is caused by an autoimmune response to a group A streptococcal infection where antibodies cross-react with the heart valves, commonly causing mitral stenosis or regurgitation.
2) Mitral stenosis results from progressive scarring and fusion of the mitral valve from rheumatic fever, restricting blood flow from the left atrium to ventricle. Symptoms include breathlessness and pulmonary congestion.
3) Mitral regurgitation occurs when the mitral valve does not close properly in systole, allowing blood to flow back into the left atrium. It can be caused by rheumatic fever, valve prolapse, or papillary muscle damage
Apls Cardiovascular System
This document provides an overview of cardiovascular disorders and congenital heart disease in children. It presents two case studies, the first involving a 10-day-old infant with signs of impending cardiopulmonary failure, and the second a 10-year-old boy with chest pain and shortness of breath diagnosed with myocarditis. Key topics covered include ductal-dependent lesions, cyanotic and acyanotic congenital heart disease, myocarditis, pericarditis, and their clinical features, diagnostic evaluation and management.
Congenital heart disease
Congenital heart disease is a general term for a range of birth defects that affect the normal way the heart works.
1.CHD part 1_2.ppt have important document
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a common birth defect with an incidence of 8 per 1000 live births. The causes are often unknown but can be genetic or environmental. Common defects include ventricular septal defects (25-30% of cases), atrial septal defects (6-8%), and patent ductus arteriosus (6-8%). Symptoms depend on the type and severity of defect. Diagnosis involves history, physical exam, imaging like echocardiogram. Treatment may include medications or surgery depending on the defect. Untreated defects can lead to complications like heart failure, pulmonary hypertension. Prognosis is generally good after surgical repair of defects.
Atrial septal defect.pptx
This document summarizes information about atrial septal defects (ASD). It defines ASD as a hole between the upper chambers of the heart that increases blood flow to the lungs. Small ASDs may close on their own, but large defects can damage the heart and lungs over time if not repaired surgically. Symptoms include shortness of breath, fatigue, and heart palpitations. Diagnosis involves echocardiograms, chest X-rays and electrocardiograms. Treatment options are medications to manage symptoms or catheter-based and open-heart surgical repairs to close the hole.
Management of congenital heart disease in infants
- Congenital heart disease is the most common birth defect, affecting around 8 per 1000 births. Common defects include ventricular septal defects, atrial septal defects, and tetralogy of Fallot.
- Diagnosis involves a detailed family history, physical exam for murmurs or cyanosis, chest x-ray, electrocardiogram, and echocardiogram. Treatment depends on the specific defect but may include medications, closure devices, surgery, or lifestyle changes.
- Managing congenital heart disease requires a multidisciplinary approach including cardiologists, cardiac surgeons, nutritionists, and mental health professionals to address both physical and psychological needs.
Congenital Heart Diseases in Children.pptx
This document provides an overview of congenital heart disease in children. It discusses the epidemiology, risk factors, classification, and approach to diagnosis and management. Common congenital heart defects such as ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, and tetralogy of Fallot are described in detail, including their typical presentation, physical exam findings, investigations, and treatment. The document is intended to educate medical students and trainees about pediatric congenital heart disease.
Pediatric_Cardiac_Disorders.ppt
This document discusses cardiac disorders in pediatrics, including congenital and acquired disorders. The two major groups are congenital disorders present at birth, and acquired disorders that develop later in life such as bacterial endocarditis. Common congenital defects include atrial and ventricular septal defects, tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of the great arteries, and hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Management involves medications, oxygen management, nutrition, and surgery depending on the specific defects. Post-operative care focuses on pain management, cardiac monitoring, and family support.
PE of the medical pathology with represent.pptx
Pulmonary embolism is an acute blockage of the pulmonary arteries by blood clots. It can lead to right ventricular failure and is a common cause of death after conditions like heart disease or stroke. Risk factors include recent surgery, trauma, cancer, prolonged bed rest, and genetic or acquired conditions that increase clotting. Symptoms range from mild shortness of breath to life-threatening shock. Diagnosis involves tests like chest CT, ventilation-perfusion scanning, echocardiogram, and D-dimer levels. Treatment depends on risk level but typically involves blood thinners like heparin or warfarin long-term to prevent further clots. Higher risk patients may require clot-busting drugs
Common heart conditions in children copy.pptx
This document discusses common congenital and acquired heart conditions in children. It begins by describing fetal circulation and how congenital heart diseases arise from defects present at birth. The conditions are classified as acyanotic or cyanotic depending on whether they allow mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. Common acyanotic conditions discussed include atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, and patent ductus arteriosus. Cyanotic conditions include tetralogy of Fallot and transposition of the great vessels. The document also covers acquired conditions like rheumatic fever and infective endocarditis, as well as their presentation, diagnosis, and management.
Congenital Heart Disease
The document summarizes key information about congenital heart disease presented at a pediatrics conference on pathology of congenital heart disease. Some key points:
- Congenital heart disease occurs in 0.5-0.8% of live births and has various causes including genetic factors, environmental factors, and multifactorial causes.
- Common types of congenital heart disease include VSD (42%), ASD (10%), pulmonary stenosis (8%), PDA (7%), and TOF (5%).
- Evaluation of congenital heart disease involves history, physical exam, chest x-ray, ECG, and may involve other tests. Findings provide clues to the type of defect present.
Transposition of great arteries
Transposition of the great arteries (TGA) is a congenital heart defect where the aorta arises from the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery arises from the left ventricle, causing parallel instead of serial circulation. TGA accounts for 5-7% of congenital heart diseases and has an annual incidence of 20-30 per 100,000 live births. Without treatment, TGA is incompatible with long-term survival due to lack of oxygen supply. Initial treatment involves prostaglandin E1 to maintain ductal patency and increase pulmonary blood flow. Later procedures include the Rastelli operation or arterial switch operation to correct the defect.
Approach to Pediatric Cardiovascular diseases.pptx
Approach to Pediatric cardiovascular diseases:
Congenital heart diseases
ASD
VSD
PDA
Coarctation of the Aorta
PS
AS
TOF
TGA
Tricuspid atresia
Truncus arteriosus
Total Pulmonary venous return
Hypoplastic left Heart Syndrome
Acute rheumatic fever (ARF)
Chronic Rheumatic Disease
Infective endocarditis (IE)
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Approach to Pediatric Cardiovascular diseases.pptx
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Yehlaingbwar
This document discusses prognostic factors in epithelial ovarian cancer. It analyzes data from 55 patients treated with primary surgery and chemotherapy between 2005-2009. The key findings are:
1. Significant prognostic factors in univariate analysis included age, histology, FIGO stage, and ascites.
2. Patients aged 70 or older and with FIGO stage IV cancer had poorer prognoses, with a 31-month survival time. Patients with endometrioid or clear cell histology had longer survival, at 51 months.
3. Subgroups like endometrioid/clear cell histology, FIGO stage II, and those with ascites were also significant prognostic factors in univariate analysis.
Pyae phyo aung's thesis (breast cancer)
This study examined the significance of HER-2 and hormonal receptor status in patients with locally advanced breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant systemic therapy. It found that hormonal receptor status has a significant prognostic effect on both overall survival and progression-free survival. HER-2 receptor status was found to have a significant prognostic effect on overall survival. No significant association was found between receptor status and clinical response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The study was limited by its small sample size and retrospective design.
Powerpoint presentation by dr sathiha
This study compared the effectiveness of two chemotherapy regimens, BEACOPP and COPP-ABVD, for treating advanced Hodgkin's lymphoma. 49 patients received either BEACOPP (25 patients) or COPP-ABVD (24 patients). The rate of freedom from treatment failure at 5 years was higher for BEACOPP at 76% compared to 69% for COPP-ABVD. Overall survival rates at 5 years were also higher for BEACOPP at 88% versus 83% for COPP-ABVD. While BEACOPP resulted in better tumor control and survival, it also had more acute toxicity including grade 4 leukopenia in some cycles.
Khant zaw aung
This study compared the efficacy and toxicities of gemcitabine/cisplatin combination chemotherapy and paclitexal/carboplatin combination chemotherapy as first-line treatment for 53 patients with stage IIIB or IV non-small cell lung cancer. The study found that gemcitabine/cisplatin combination resulted in better response rates but not statistically significantly so. It also found that gemcitabine/cisplatin combination resulted in more hematological toxicities. Patient demographics were not significantly different between the two treatment arms. The study concluded that platinum-based combinations are effective for non-small cell lung cancer but require proper premedications.
Chan myae htut
The document presents findings from a study comparing CHOP chemotherapy alone versus CHOP plus rituximab in elderly patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma. The study found that adding rituximab to CHOP chemotherapy significantly increased complete response rates, decreased treatment failure and relapse rates, and improved event-free and overall survival compared to CHOP alone, without significantly increasing toxicity.
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The document discusses nutrition for preterm and congenitally small infants. It notes that preterm infants have high nutritional needs for optimal growth. Early minimal enteral feeding can provide advantages like faster weight gain and shorter hospital stays compared to parenteral nutrition alone. Breast milk is preferable to preterm formula due to beneficial components, though formula provides more calories, proteins and minerals. The study assessed the effectiveness of different nutrition methods in 30 preterm and small infants, finding that a combination of preterm formula and breast milk was most effective for growth.
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- 1. Frequency of congenital heart diseases in Tuschinskaya Children’s hospital from the year 2000 to 2009
- 3. The worldwide incidences of different types of congenital heart diseases VSD=Ventricular Septal Defect ASD=Atrial Septal Defect AVSD=Atrioventricular Septal Defect TOF=Tetralogy of Fallot COA=Coarctation of Aorta PS=Pulmonary Stenosis PDA=Patent Ductus Arteriosus AS=Aortic Stenosis TGA=Transposition of Great Arteries TAPVR=Total anomalus Pulmonary Venous Return HLV=Hypoplastic Left Heart
- 5. Frequency of congenital heart diseases in newborns in Tuchinskaya Childrean’s Hospital from 2000 to 2009
- 6. Difference in frequency of congenital heart diseases between boys and girls
- 9. T ypes of congenital heart diseases in newborns in Tuchinskaya Children’s hospital from the year 2000 to 2009
- 15. A case of newborn with Atrioventricular septal defect with patent ductus arteriosus in the Intensive care Unit of Tuschinskaya Children’s Hospital ( 03.03.2010 to 21.03.2010)