Topics:
1. Causes of Failures of Weirs on Permeable Foundations
2. Bligh’s Creep Theory
3. Lane’s Weighted Creep Theory
4. Khosla’s Theory
5. Application of Correction Factors
6. Launching Apron
Topics:
1. Causes of Failures of Weirs on Permeable Foundations
2. Bligh’s Creep Theory
3. Lane’s Weighted Creep Theory
4. Khosla’s Theory
5. Application of Correction Factors
6. Launching Apron
This is about types of shear failure in soil, describe all the three types of the bearing capacity failure of soil.
This is prepared by (Abdullah Kawkas Galaly) a student in civil engineering department at Salahaddin University in Erbil-Kurdistan region.
Design of rigid pavements. IRC method of design of rigid pavement. Transportation Engineering. Civil Engineering. Wheel loads on rigid pavement. Action of various stresses on rigid pavement. Highway engineering. How rigid pavements different from flexible pavements
Hydraulic Design of Sewer:
Hydraulic formulae, maximum and minimum velocities in sewer, hydraulic
characteristics of circular sewer in running full and partial full conditions,
laying and testing of sewer, sewer appurtenances and network.
this presentation describes in details the sinking operation of well foundations in different conditions and situations. the content here is suitable only for basic knowledge and educational purposes.
Definition, uses, construction material, types of caissons, loads on
caisson, design features of caissons, floating of caissons, cutting edges,
sinking of caisson, tilting of caisson, shifting of caisson, caisson diseases
This is about types of shear failure in soil, describe all the three types of the bearing capacity failure of soil.
This is prepared by (Abdullah Kawkas Galaly) a student in civil engineering department at Salahaddin University in Erbil-Kurdistan region.
Design of rigid pavements. IRC method of design of rigid pavement. Transportation Engineering. Civil Engineering. Wheel loads on rigid pavement. Action of various stresses on rigid pavement. Highway engineering. How rigid pavements different from flexible pavements
Hydraulic Design of Sewer:
Hydraulic formulae, maximum and minimum velocities in sewer, hydraulic
characteristics of circular sewer in running full and partial full conditions,
laying and testing of sewer, sewer appurtenances and network.
this presentation describes in details the sinking operation of well foundations in different conditions and situations. the content here is suitable only for basic knowledge and educational purposes.
Definition, uses, construction material, types of caissons, loads on
caisson, design features of caissons, floating of caissons, cutting edges,
sinking of caisson, tilting of caisson, shifting of caisson, caisson diseases
This presentation is about wellbore control. It showcases the causes of well control situations, the types of well control and the calculations that should be made to appropriately control a wild well
Control of ground water in excavations_Advanced Construction Technology (Seme...A Makwana
The ground water is regarded as one of the most difficult problem in excavation work.
GWT /Water logged area
Erosion or collapse of foundation trench may occur.
Dewatering sub-soil water
Caissons_Advanced Construction Technology (Semester-6), Civil EngineeringA Makwana
It’s a prefabricated hollow box or cylinder.
It is sunk into the ground to some desired depth and then filled with concrete thus forming a foundation.
Most often used in the construction of bridge piers & other structures that require foundation beneath rivers & other bodies of water. This is because caissons can be floated to the job site and sunk into place.
The presentation highlights the root causes of major drilling issues such as formation pressure uncertainty, subsurface feature like mud volcanoes, major fault, poor well planning & etc. Then it elaborates on consequences of all above on examples of wellbore instability, sticking, gumbo & so on.
HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
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Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN CONDENSING HEAT EXCHANGERS...ssuser7dcef0
Power plants release a large amount of water vapor into the
atmosphere through the stack. The flue gas can be a potential
source for obtaining much needed cooling water for a power
plant. If a power plant could recover and reuse a portion of this
moisture, it could reduce its total cooling water intake
requirement. One of the most practical way to recover water
from flue gas is to use a condensing heat exchanger. The power
plant could also recover latent heat due to condensation as well
as sensible heat due to lowering the flue gas exit temperature.
Additionally, harmful acids released from the stack can be
reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation. reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation.
Condensation of vapors in flue gas is a complicated
phenomenon since heat and mass transfer of water vapor and
various acids simultaneously occur in the presence of noncondensable
gases such as nitrogen and oxygen. Design of a
condenser depends on the knowledge and understanding of the
heat and mass transfer processes. A computer program for
numerical simulations of water (H2O) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
condensation in a flue gas condensing heat exchanger was
developed using MATLAB. Governing equations based on
mass and energy balances for the system were derived to
predict variables such as flue gas exit temperature, cooling
water outlet temperature, mole fraction and condensation rates
of water and sulfuric acid vapors. The equations were solved
using an iterative solution technique with calculations of heat
and mass transfer coefficients and physical properties.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
3. CAISSONS
The term “caisson” is derived from French word caisse meaning a box.
Caisson is defined as a watertight structure round or rectangular , which is sunk
through ground or water to exclude water and semi fluid material during the
process of excavations of foundation and which subsequently becomes an integral
part of sub structure.
3
4. SINKING OF CAISSONS
A caisson is sunk by self-weight, concrete or water ballast placed on top, or by
hydraulic jacks… this is defined as sinking of caisson.
The methods adopted for sinking are as follows :
1. Air and water jets
2. Blasting
3. Loading
4. Sand island
4
5. 1. Air and water jets :
In this method , the jets are provided near the cutting edge level to reduce the skin
friction.
The air or water is forced through the jets which ultimately facilitates the sinking of
caisson.
2. Blasting :
In this method , the explosives are used to remove any obstruction such as rock,
boulder etc. and thereby to facilitate the sinking of caisson.
The blasting also reduce skin friction.
The usual explosive used in blasting is “Gelignite” which is provided at a depth about
one to two meters below the curb level.
The quantity required per blast is 1N to 5N.
5
6. 3. Loading :
This is the usual method adopted to sink wells when a hard surface is met with.
4. Sand island :
This method is also known as an artificial island method.
It is to be adopted when subsoil conditions are such that it is not possible to keep caisson
stable.
This method consists in sinking a steel cylinder around the site of work and then filling this
cylinder with stand or other dredged material.
The caisson is sunk through this filling in the usual manner.
6
7. PROBLEMS IN WELL SINKING
The major problems are as follows :
Sand blowing
Tilting of Wells
Shifting of Wells
7
8. TILTING OF WELLS
When a well sinks more on one side than the other, then it is known to have tilted.
The tilting is mainly due to unequal dredging and non-uniform bearing power of
soil.
Causes of Tilts :
Non Uniform bearing capacity
Obstruction on one side well
Sand blowing in wells during sinking
Sudden sinking of well due to blasting
8
9. Methods for bring a tilted caisson in position
1. Control of dredging :
In this method , dredging is done only near the portion which has tilted.
The portion which is higher than the other is termed as tilted portion or tilted
edge.
By extreme care dredging should be done and the caisson is then placed at its
actual place.
If there is not proper care taken there is chance of turn up of the well.
9
10. 2. Eccentric Loading
• In this method, heavy loads
are placed on the tilted edge.
The moment caused by
heavy loads brings the well
in true position.
10
11. 3. Water jetting :
In this method, the water jet is forced on the outer faces of the well towards the
higher side so that skin friction is reduced towards the higher side.
This method effective in case the well being sunk in sandy strata.
4. Pushing by Jacks :
In this method, the well may be pushed by jacks on the tilted side of well.
11
12. 5. Use of explosives :
In this method, the explosives are used to remove obstacles from the tilted edge.
This blow able to remove any obstacles.
This is risky method so it is adopted only under special circumstances.
6. Deposition of Earth on one side and Excavation on other :
In this method, an open excavations is carried out on one side of the well while
depositing more earth on the other side.
By this the pressure on the higher side is released and that on the lower side
increased thus correcting tilt.
12
13. 7. Providing temporary obstacle below the cutting edge :
In this method, sinking on the lower side is artificially arrested by inserting hard
wooden blocks 30cm by 22.5cm and 1.5m long lined with steel plate.
After the tilts are rectified, these blocks are removed.
13
14. 8. Pulling the well :
In this method the well is pulled towards the higher side by placing one or more
steel ropes round the well with vertical sleepers packed.
The vertical sleepers distribute the pressure over large area of well steining.
This method is effective only in early stages of sinking.
14
15. CAISSON DISEASE
The workers working under compressed air inside the working chamber, suffer a
certain type of disease when they return to atmospheric pressure. This disease is
known as “caisson sickness” or “caisson disease”.
The main symptoms of disease are:
1. Dizziness
2. Double vision
3. Headche
4. Trouble to speaking
5. Pain in legs
15
16. When a person is subjected to compressed air, nitrogen is also absorbed along
with oxygen by the tissue-fluids of the person.
The oxygen is dissolved by blood, while nitrogen is kept in suspension as it is not
soluable in blood.
When the air pressure is reduced, tissue fluids release nitrogen content at a certain
rate.
If the reduction of pressure is not gradual, the nitrogen will not be able to come
out in the form of gas, And it forms bubble.
If the bubble are blocked in joints, they will cause violent pains in joints.
If they are developed in spinal cord or heart, it will result in paralysis or death
respectively.
16
17. PRECAUTIONS
Work not exceeds more than 1shift
1shift should not more than 12 hours
Temperature of working chamber maintained at 25C
Rate of compression and decompression should properly maintained
Person with strong hearts, relatively low pressure are appointed
Medical chamber provided near the side of work
Use of alcoholic drinks prohibited
All local police station and hospitals are informed regarding the location of work
17
18. • The worker used man locks for entry,
interval and exit. This locks are
properly ventilated.
• The safety lamps provided for safety
against fire hazard.
• The workers should be made fully
conversant with use of bells, signals
etc.
• Worker should take proper meal before
the shift started and suitable
refreshment should provided at proper
interval.
18