Steve Dale presented on using communities of practice (CoPs) as a strategy for more effective collaboration in local government. Local government in England and Wales employs over 2 million people across 367 authorities to deliver 700 services with an annual budget of over £106 billion. A 3-year knowledge management strategy started in 2005 to utilize CoPs to bring new knowledge into organizations and grow existing knowledge. The strategy involved various planning and piloting phases from 2005-2007 and has led to over 85,000 people registered across 1,500 CoPs. Lessons learned emphasize that technology should enable rather than dictate collaboration and communities need facilitation to succeed.