This document provides an overview of basic Arabic grammar topics that will be covered, including: subject and predicate, masculine and feminine genders, singular, dual and plural numbers, adjectives and nouns, and verb tenses. It introduces key grammar terms and concepts in Arabic with examples. Vocabulary lists and exercises are provided to help learn and practice the topics.

1. 18 Arabic Grammar
18
APPENDIX B: A BRIEF JOURNEY
THROUGH ARABIC GRAMMAR
You will cover the basics of the following topics in this Part.
1. Subject and Predicate………………………… 19
2. Masculine and Feminine Genders…………… 20
3. Numbers: Singular, Dual, and Plural……… 22
4. Adjective and its Noun………………………… 23
5. The Possessive Case or Genitive………………24
6. Interrogatives ………………………… ……… 26
7. Pronouns………………………………………… 26
8. The Prepositions…………………………………29
9. Subject, Verb, and Object………………………30
10. The Tense…………………………………………31
10a. Past Tense ………………………………… 31
10b. Imperfect Tense ………………… ……… 34
10c. Imperative and Negative Imperative…… 37
10d. Derived Forms of the verb ……………… 42

2. 19 Arabic Grammar
19
1. Subject and Predicate ¦»Â¦¾¬¦÷
Allah is creator.
Muhammad (peace be upon him, pbuh) is prophet.
Tariq is Mujahid (one who struggles)
The sentences like these are composed of a subject and a predicate which are called ¦¾¬¦÷ and ¦»
in Arabic. To translate such sentences into Arabic, just put Tanveen ( Æ ) on each of these
words (in case they are singular masculine). Tanveen ( Æ ) is also known as double pesh or
double dhammah.
Allah is creator. ê ó¢»É…Ȧ
Muhammad (pbuh) is Prophet. Ž¦û¾ø¸÷
Tariq is a Mujahid. ¾ ÿ¢´÷Ƽʰ¢Š×
************************ Vocabulary for Lesson No. 1 ************************
creator ê ó¢»
prophet Ž¦û
one who ¾ ÿ¢´÷
struggles
house ª¥
big ZŽ¦Šï
mg. slave ¾¦ß
pious ¶ ó¢Ï
truthful Ƽʮ¢Ï
religion úÊ®
one ¾ ·¦ÈÂ
scholar ö ó¢ß
======================= Exercises for Lesson No. 1 =======================
Using the words and their meanings given above, translate the following sentences into English.
The translation is also provided to help you check your answers.
The house is big. ZŽ¦Šïª¦’óȦ
The slave is pious. ¶ ó¢Ï¾¦à’ó¦
The Muslim is truthful. Ƽʮ¢Ïö ôÈø’óȦ
Islam is a religion. úʮɿ¢ŠôÇ ¢’óȦ
Allah is one. ¾ ·¦ÈÂɅȦ
Javeed is a scholar ö ó¢ß¾Ê¢³

3. 20 Arabic Grammar
20
2. Masculine and Feminine Genders ®ûš÷ÈÂÂMïŠÀ÷
You must have heard the Arabic names, for e.g., ˆò ø³ for a boy and ˆ¨Šô ø³ for a girl. There
lies the rule. Just put ¨ at the end of a masculine (singular) word to make it feminine (singular).
For example,
ˆ¨ ïȯ ïȯ ˆ¨¸ ó¢Ï ¶ ó¢Ïƨ¾ ˦Ȱ ¾ ˦Ȱ
ˆ¨ü ÷š÷ ú ÷š÷ ƨ¾Ž¥¢ß ¾Ž¥¢ß ¨¾ ó¢» ¾ ó¢»
Notes:
1. Arabic has two genders, i.e., masculine gender and feminine gender. There is no common
gender in Arabic.
2. A common sign of a feminine word is ¨ (in general) as the last letter of the word.
3. To make a specific reference, we put ̾Ȧ in front of a common noun in Arabic just as we put
the in front of a common noun in English. When ̾Ȧ is attached to an Arabic word, we
remove one of É (dhamma or pesh) from the two Æ (Tanveen or double pesh). For
example,
ɾÇÂóȦ ƾÇÈ° ÉÀŠ¢Èû ¢’óȦ ÆÀ¢Èûʦ ¾ø¸’óȦ ¾ø·
4. Occasionally, the prefix ̾Ȧ is used to imply generality also. For e.g., À¢Èû ¢’óȦ (the human
being).
5. If the ¦¾º¬¦÷ (subject) is feminine, then its ¦º» (predicate) will also be feminine.
For example, ¶ ó¢ÏɧŠ¢’óȦ ˆ¨¸ ó¢ÏN¿Œ¢’óȦ
Additional rules for making feminine gender of dual and plural nouns are given in the following
lesson.

4. 21 Arabic Grammar
21
************************ Vocabulary for Lesson No. 2 ************************
mg. small Z äÏ
fg. small ƨZ äÏ
mg. big ZŽ¦Šï
fg. big ƨZŽ¦Šï
mg. intelligent ïȯ
uncle (father's brother) öß
aunt (father's sister) ˆ¨øß
uncle (mother's brother) ƾ¢»
aunt (mother's sister) ˆ¨Šó¢»
mg. truthful Ƽʮ¢Ï
brother ƭȦ
mg. worshipper ¾Ž¥¢ß
fg. worshipper ƨ¾Ž¥¢ß
mg. beautiful ˆò ø³
fg. beautiful ˆ¨Šô ø³
son ú¥Ê¦
daughter ªüŽ¥
father ƧȦ
mother K¿É¦
sister ª»É¦
======================= Exercises for Lesson No. 2 =======================
Find out the masculine and feminine words in the following sentences and translate them into
English. The translation is also provided to help you check your answers.
The son is beautiful. ˆò ø³ú¥ ¢’óȦ
The daughter is beautiful.ˆ¨Šô ø³ªüŽ¦’óȦ
The father is pious. ¶ ó¢ÏɧŠ¢’óȦ
The mother is pious. ˆ¨¸ ó¢ÏN¿Œ¢’óȦ
The uncle is big. ZŽ¦Šï

5. öà’óȦ
The aunt is big. ƨZŽ¦ŠïŒ¨øà’óȦ
The brother is intelligent. ï¯É­Š¢’óȦ
The sister is intelligent. ˆ¨ ïȯª»Œ¢’óȦ
The uncle is truthful. Ƽʮ¢Ïɾ¢¼’óȦ
The aunt is truthful. ˆ¨ŠëÊ®¢ÏŒ¨Šó¢¼’óȦ
The son is small. Z äÏú¥Žœ’óȦ
The daughter is small. ƨZ äϪüŽ¦’óȦ

6. 22 Arabic Grammar
22
3. Numbers: Singular, Dual and Plural Þø³¨Žü’°«¾ ·¦ÈÂ
There are specific rules in Arabic for making singular, dual, and plural forms of a word. (Yes,
dual is a separate and distinct Number in Arabic). There are two types of plurals in Arabic.
Solid Plural (ö ó¢ºÇÞf ) and Broken Plural ( ZÊÈ’ð«Þf ). The plural form depends upon the
context in which it is used, as shown below (for the Solid Plural case only):
'Aaraab forms ↓ Plural Dual Singular Gender
¸ŒçÂ÷ with Dhamma ( É- ); ÈÀø ôÈ÷ ÊÀ¢ø ôÈ÷ ö ôÈ÷ mg.
when used as subject
Ç©¢ø ôÈ÷ ÊÀ¢¬ø ôÈ÷ ˆ¨ø ôÈ÷ fg.
§Ðü÷ with Fatha (È- ); Ž[ ø ôÈ÷ Žúø ôÈ÷ ö ôÈ÷ mg.
when used as object
Ç©¢ø ôÈ÷ Žú¬ø ôÈ÷ †¨ø ôÈ÷ fg.
°Ì´÷ with Kasra ( Ê- ); Ž[ ø ôÈ÷ Žúø ôÈ÷ ‰ö ôÈ÷ mg.
when the noun is
used with preposition
Ç©¢ø ôÈ÷ Žú¬ø ôÈ÷
¨ø ôÈ÷ fg.
******************* Vocabulary Exercises for Lesson No. 3 *******************
Try to practice the rules of making dual and plural by reproducing the above table for the
following words (both for masculine and feminine case):
hypocrite ê ç¢ü÷ believer ú ÷š÷ disbeliever  碊ï
patient ÂŽ¥¢Ï helper  Ϣû worshipper ¾Ž¥¢ß
scholar ö ó¢ß one who struggles ¾ ÿ¢´÷ one who
remembers
 ï¦È¯
pious ¶ ó¢Ï killer ˆò «¢Šë truthful Ƽʮ¢Ï
protector ˆÚ 碷 one who prostrates ¾Ž³¢Ç prophet Ž¦û

7. 23 Arabic Grammar
23
4. Adjective and its Noun»Ï÷¨Šè Ï
Look at the following phrases and their translations:
a true Muslim
Ƽʮ¢Ïö ôÈ÷ a pious person
¶ ó¢Ïˆò³È°
a small book
Z äÏƧ¢¬ ï a trustworthy uncle
[ ÷Ȧƾ¢»
a big mosque
ZŽ¦Šï¾Ž´È÷ a beautiful house
ˆò ø³ª¥
These phrases are said to be composed of ¨ººŠè Ï (adjective) and »Ï÷ (the noun of the
adjective). To translate these into Arabic, just reverse the order of the words (Muslim ö ôÈ÷ and
then true ¼Ê®¢ººÏ) and put tanveen ( Æ ) on each of them. The tanveen could be Å or Ç or Æ
depending upon the context in which this phrase is used.
The rules are similar to those of ¦»¦¾¬¦÷ (subject and predicate) except that in case of ¨Šè Ï
»Ï÷ :
1:The order of the words is reversed; and
2:If the first word is attached with ̾Ȧ , then the second will also have ̾Ȧ attached to it.
For e.g., using the same phrases given above, we will have:
the true Muslim
ɼʮ¢Ð’ó¦ö ôÈø’óȦ the pious person
¶ ó¢Ð’ó¦Œò³Â’óȦ
the small book
Z äÐ’ó¦É§¢¬ ð’óȦ the trustworthy uncle
[ ÷Š¢’ó¦É¾¢¼’óȦ
the big mosque
ZŽ¦Šð’󦾎´Èø’óȦ the beautiful house
Œò ø´’󦪦’óȦ
And remember, as in case of ¦»¦¾¬¦÷ (subject and predicate), if the first word is feminine,
the second should also be feminine. Further, if the first word is dual or plural, the second should
also be dual or plural in number, i.e, the two words should agree in gender and number with
respect to each other. For example:
the true Muslim
man
ɼʮ¢Ð’ó¦ö ôÈø’óȦ the true Muslim
woman
Œ¨ŠëÊ®¢Ð’󦌨ø ôÈø’óȦ
the true
Muslim men
ÈÀŒëÊ®¢Ð’ó¦ÈÀø ôÈø’óȦ the true
Muslim
women
É©¢ŠëÊ®¢Ð’ó¦É©¢ø ôÈø’óȦ

8. 24 Arabic Grammar
24
==================== Exercises for Lesson No. 4 ====================
Try to translate the following sentences and phrases. Notice the difference in Arabic construction
for a simple sentence ( ¦»È¦¾¬¦÷ ) and for adjective and its
noun ( »Ï÷ȨŠè Ï ).
The house is big.
ZŽ¦Šïª¦’óȦ the big house
ZŽ¦Šð’󦪦’óȦ
The slave is
pious.
¶ ó¢Ï¾¦à’óȦ the pious slave
¶ ó¢Ð󦾦à’óȦ
The Muslim is
truthful.
Ƽʮ¢Ïö ôÈø’óȦ the truthful
Muslim
ɼʮ¢Ðó¦ö ôÈø’óȦ
The path is
straight.
ö ì¬È÷ɶ¦ÂÐóȦ the straight path
ö ì¬Èø’ó¦É¶¦ÂÐóȦ
The uncle is
pious.
¶ ó¢Ï

9. öà’óȦ the pious uncle
¶ ó¢Ðó¦

10. öàóȦ
The aunt is pious.
ˆ¨¸ ó¢ÏŒ¨Šó¢¼’óȦ the pious aunt
Œ¨¸ ó¢Ð󦌨Šó¢¼’óȦ
5. The Possessive Case or Genitive þŠó¤»¢Ô÷»¢Ô÷
Look at the following phrases and their translations:
the creation of Allah
Ê…¦ê’ô» the house of Allah
Ê…¦ª¥
the nation of Hud
Ç®ÿÉ¿Šë the call of the prophet
ʾÇÂó¦É¨ßÈ®
the command of the
Qur'an
ÊÀ¡ÂŒì’ó¦ö’ð· the creation of Allah
Ê…¦ê’ô»
Notes:
1. To convey the meanings of of, we place Dhammah or pesh ( É- ) on the first word and
double kasra ( Ç- ) on the second word.
2. As usual, if the second word has ¾È¢ attached with it, then instead of double kasra
( Ç- ), we will have single kasra ( Ê- ) on the second word.
3. The first noun 꺒ô» in the sentence Ê…¦ê’ô» is called »¢Ô÷. The second noun Ê…¦ is
called þ󤻢Ô÷ , which should always be a proper noun.

11. 25 Arabic Grammar
25
4. In Arabic the construction of »¢Ô÷ and þ󤻢Ô÷ automatically takes care of the 's
or of (Allah's creation OR the creation of Allah) as shown in the above examples.
5. The construction of »¢ººÔ÷ and þ󤻢Ô÷ automatically implies specific person or
thing. Therefore, 'the' is always added in English translation of this phrase.
*********************** Vocabulary for Lesson No. 5 ***********************
grance ˆòÔŠç
rebellion ÆÀ¢äŒ×
the people ɲ¢üóȦ
house Æ°¦È®
hereafter ƨ »¡
food Æ¿¢àŠ×
sinner ö ¯È¦
day Æ¿
judgement úÊ®
to establish ˆ¨÷¢Šëʤ
the prayer ɨ¢ŠôÐóȦ
to obey ˆ¨ß¢Š×ʤ
parents Žú¾ ó¦ÊÂ
earth Ƶ̰Ȧ
words Æ¿¢ŠôŠï
way, system ˆ¨üÇ
messenger ƾÇÈ°
doubt ¤È°
human being ÆÀ¢Èûʦ
remembrance Â’ïʯ
the most úø·È°
beneficent
======================= Exercises for Lesson No. 5 =======================
Translate the following into English. The translation is also provided to help you check your
answers.
the establishment of
prayer
ʨ¢ŠôÐ󦌨÷¢Šëʤ the words of Allah
Ê…¦É¿¢ŠôŠï
the obedience to
parents
Žú¾ ó¦’󦌨ߢŠ×ʤ the book of Allah
Ê…¦É§Š¢¬ ï
the earth of Allah
Ê…¦ÉµÌ°È¢ the way of the
messenger
ʾÇÂ󦌨üÇ
the rebellion of the
people
ʲ¢üó¦ÉÀ¢äŒ× the doubt of the
human being
ÊÀ¢ÈûŽœ’ó¦¤È°
the house of the
hereafter
ʨ »–’ó¦É°¦È® the remembrance of
the most Beneficent.
úø·Âó¦Â’ïʯ
the food of the
sinner
Žö ¯Š˜’ó¦É¿¢àŠ× the grace of Allah
Ê…¦ŒòÔŠç
the house of Hamid
¾ ÷¢·ª¥ the day of judgement
Žú¾ó¦É¿

12. 26 Arabic Grammar
26
6. Interrogatives ¿¢ è¬Ç¦©¦Â®¢
When
Where
Why
How much, How many
Is? Am? Are? Do?
Have?
¦
U÷
úȦ
¦È¯¢ø ó
öŠï
È¢òÿ
Who
What
Which (masculine)
Which (feminine)
How
ú÷
¢÷¦È¯¢÷
NÄȦ
ˆ¨È¦
æŠï
7. Pronouns  Ÿ¢øÓ
7a. Relative Pronouns
Relative Pronoun
¾Ïø’ó¦öÇʦ
Demonstrative Pronoun
¨È°¢Ë ¢’ó¦öÇʦ
Num-
ber
Gen-
der
(The one)
who Ä ÀMóȦ That î ó¦
¯ This ¦Àÿ sr.
(The two)
who ÊÀ¦ŠÀMóȦ
Those
(two) îŽû¦
¯
These
(two) ÊÀ¦ŠÀÿ dl. mg.
(Those)
who ú ÀMóȦ
Those
(more
than two)
î óÂɦ
These
(more
than two)
šÿ pl.
(The one)
who ¬MóȦ That î’ô « This ÊÁ Àÿ sr.
(The two)
who ÊÀ¢¬MóȦ
Those
(two) îŽû¢«
These
(two) ÊÀ¢«¢ÿ dl. fg.
(Those)
who «¢MóȦ
Those
(more
than two)
î óÂɦ
These
(more
than two)
šÿ pl.

13. 27 Arabic Grammar
27
7b. Personal and Possessive Pronouns
Examples
on pronouns
Possessive
Pronouns
Personal
Pronouns
No. Gen-
der
Per-
son
his
book

þ¥¢¬Šï his Á he ÿ sr.
their
house ¢ø ¬¥ their
(of
two)
¢øÿ they
two ¢øÿ dl. mg.
their
belief ö û¢{ʦ their öÿ they öÿ pl.
3rd
her
mother ¢

14. ÷ɦ her ¢ÿ she ÿ sr. person
their
house ¢ø ¬¥ their
(of
two)
¢øÿ they
two ¢øÿ dl. fg.
their
house ú ¬¥ their úÿ they úÿ pl.
your
book ¬ ï your Ƚ you ªûȦ sr.
your
house ¢øŒð¬¥ your
(of
two)
¢øŒï you
two
¢ø¬ûȦ dl. mg.
your
me-
ssenger
öŒðŒóÇÈ° you öŒï you all ö¬ûȦ pl 2nd
your
house  your ʽ you ªûȦ sr. person
your
book ¢øŒð¥¢¬ ï your
(of
two)
¢øŒï you
two
¢ø¬ûȦ dl. fg.
your
house úŒð¬¥ your úŒï you all ú¬ûȦ pl.
my
book
gave me
rizq
Ž¥¢¬ ï
ŽüŠë±È°
my
me
Ä
Žû
I
¢ûȦ sr.
mg.
fg.
1st
our
book ¢ü¥¢¬ ï our ¢û we ú¸û dl.,
pl.
mg.,
fg.
person
NOTE: Memorize these pronouns thoroughly because they occur quite often in the Qur'an.

15. 28 Arabic Grammar
28
************************ Vocabulary for Lesson No. 7 ************************
Companions Ƨ¢¸ÏȦ
Shop ÆÀ¢MïÉ®
from ú ÷
son ú¥¦
hearing ÞøÇ
relatives ˆòÿȦ
I helped É©ÂÐû
Sustainer, Lord K§È°
and ÈÂ
for ȾÊ¾
Verily MÀʦ
tongue À¢È ó
======================= Exercises for Lesson No. 7 =======================
He is a Muslim.
ö ôÈ÷ÿ You are a scholar.
ö ó¢ßªûȦ
I am a believer.
ú ÷š÷¢ûȦ She is righteous.
ˆ¨¸ ó¢Ï ÿ
your tongue
öŒðû¢È ó for him 
þŠó
my son
Žü¥Ê¦ towards me
Šóʦ
I helped him 
þ«ÂÐû towards them
(females)
úŽ Šóʦ
from you
îü ÷ for us
¢üŠó
towards us
¢üóʦ verily you (males)
öŒðûʦ
towards them
(males)
öŽ Šóʦ your hearing
öŒðàøÇ
from you
îü ÷ verily we
¢üûʦ
our Lord
¢ü

16. ¥È° my house
´
your Lord
öŒð

17. ¥È° for them
¢ø Šó
our messenger
¢üŒóÇÈ° my relatives
ôÿȦ

18. 29 Arabic Grammar
29
8. The Preposition ³»Â·
Prepositions Examples of Prepositions / usage
in ç
from ú ÷
on
¦
Šôß
like Ƚ
about úß
with ʧ
for ʾ
towards
¦
Šóʦ
until
¦
¬·
by (of oath) ÈÂ
in a house ª¥ ç
We read from the Qur'an. ÊÀ¡ÂŒì’ó¦ú ÷¢û̢Šë
on a mountain ‰ò¦³Šôß
like a man ‰ò³ÂŠï
I heard ¾Ž´Èø’ó¦ çʨŠôÐó¦Žúߪà øÇ
about Prayer in the Masjid
I enetered with security Ç¿¢ŠôÈŽ¥ª’ô»È®
for people ʲ¢üô ó
towards a city
¾Šô¥Šóʦ
until the day-break ŽÂ´Šè’ó¦ŽÞŠô’Ø÷¬·
By Allah Ê…¦ÈÂ
Rules of using Prepositions:
1. These words are used as connectors.
2. When these words are used with a proper noun, then a double kasrah ( -Ç ), is placed on the
last letter of word (or a single kasra, -Ê in case ¾È¦ is attached with it).

19. 30 Arabic Grammar
30
9. Subject ’ò ߢŠç , Verb òàŠç , and Object ¾à’è÷
In general, in an Arabic sentence, the verb comes first, followed by the subject and the object. A
Double Dhammah or tanveen ( -Æ ) is placed on the subject and double fathah ( -Å ) is placed on
the object. Look at the following examples:
Hameed read the Qur'an. ¢û¦
¢ÂŒë¾ ø·È¢ÂŠë
Iqbal wrote a book. ¢¥¢¬ ïƾ¢¦’ëʦ¤¬Šï
In the first sentence, read is the verb, Hameed is the subject, and the Qur'an is the object. In the
second one, wrote is the verb, Iqbal is the subject, and a book is the object.
************************* Vocabulary for Lesson No. 9 *************************
read ȢŠë
wrote ¤¬Šï
cheated ȸ¾»
made Šòà³
separated ȼŠç
water Æ ¢÷
created êŠô»
collected Þø³
wealth, means ƾ¢÷
======================= Exercises for Lesson No. 9 =======================
Translate the following into English. The translation is also provided to help you check your
answers.
Allah made Muhammad
(pbuh) a messenger.
¢†óÇM°¦¾ø¸÷É…¦Šòà³
Allah created the people.
Ȳ¢üó¦É…¦êŠô»
Allah revealed the book.
¢¥¢¬ ïÉ…¦È¾ÄûȦ
The Satan cheacter the
man.
ÈÀ¢Èû ¢’ó¦ÉÀ¢ŠØÌó¦È¸¾»
We parted the sea.
¸¦’ó¦¢ü’ëŠç
Note: When a word is attached with ̾Ȣ then one of two fathah ( -È ) , kasrah ( -Ê ) or dhammah (
-É ) in a tanveen ( -Å -Ç or -Æ ) are dropped. For example, as shown in the above sentences,
Ƽʰ¢ºŠ× has double dhammah, whereas ÉÀ¢ŠØÌóȦ has one dhammah since ̾Ȧ is attached with ÆÀ¢ŠØË
. Similarly, ¢†óÇÈ° has double fathah, whereas ¸¦’óȦ has only one fathah.

20. 31 Arabic Grammar
31
10. Tense
10a. The Past Tense Ó¢÷òàç
Past Tense
Ó¢÷ Possessive
Pronouns
Personal
Pronouns
No. Gen-
der
Per-
son
he did ŠòàŠç 
Á ÿ sr.
they two
did ŠàŠç ¢øÿ ¢øÿ dl. mg.
they all
did ¦ŒôàŠç öÿ öÿ pl.
3rd
she did ªŠôàŠç ¢ÿ ÿ sr.
person
they two
did ¢¬ŠôàŠç ¢øÿ ¢øÿ dl. fg.
they all
did ú’ôàŠç úÿ úÿ pl.
you did ª’ôàŠç Ƚ ªûȦ sr.
you two
did ¢ø¬’ôàŠç ¢øŒï ¢ø¬ûȦ dl. mg.
you all
did ö¬’ôàŠç öŒï ö¬ûȦ pl 2nd
you did ª’ôàŠç ʽ ªûȦ sr.
person
you two
did ¢ø¬’ôàŠç ¢øŒï ¢ø¬ûȦ dl. fg.
you all
did ú¬’ôàŠç úŒï ú¬ûȦ pl.
I did ª’ôàŠç Ä ¢ûȦ sr. mg.
fg. 1st
We did ¢ü’ôàŠç ¢û ú¸û dl.,
pl.
mg.,
fg.
person
Gender: mg.: Masculine gender; fg.: Feminine gender
Number: sr.: Singular; dl..: Dual; pl.: Plural (n)

21. 32 Arabic Grammar
32
Try to practice the pronouns and past tense by repeating the conjugation table using the following
words. This will greatly help you in getting yourself familiarized with the verb forms. Is it not
worth repeating it 10 to 15 times so that you can remember it for the rest of your life? It certainly
is! Learning and practicing them for the sake of understanding Qur'an is one of the best worship
for which you will be abundantly rewarded by Allah, inshaAllah.
************************* Vocabulary for Lesson No. 10a *************************
he did ŠòàŠç
he wrote ¤¬Šï
he read ȢŠë
he helped ÂÐû
he hit, ȧÂÓ
gave example
he demanded ¤ŠôŠ×
he went ¤ÿȯ
he killed Šò¬Šë
he made Šòà³
he opened ¶¬Šç
he entered Šò»È®
he drank ȧŽÂË
he found ¾³ÈÂ
he refused ŠèŠï
he joined ŠòÏÈÂ
he created êŠô»
he sent Š®à¥
he provided rizq ȼȱȰ
====================== Exercises for Lesson No. 10a =======================
Try to translate the Arabic words given below. The English translation is provided for you to check your
answers.
mg. dl. they opened ¢¸¬Šç
mg. pl. you did ö¬’ôàŠç
mg. pl. they did ¦ŒôàŠç
mg./fg. dl. you two did ¢ø¬’ôàŠç
mg. dl. they two did ¢ŠôàŠç
mg. you did ª’ôàŠç
fg. she did ªŠôàŠç
fg. pl. they did ú’ôàŠç
mg. pl. you went ö¬¦ÿȯ
mg./fg. dl. you two helped¢ø«ÂÐû
mg. pl. they wrote ¦¦¬Šï
mg. you helped È©ÂÐû
mg./fg. dl. you two opened
¢ø¬¸¬Šç
mg. pl. you demanded ö¬¦ŠôŠ×
mg. dl. they two wrote ¢¦¬Šï
mg. pl. they demanded ¦¦ŠôŠ×
mg. you went ª¦ÿȯ
mg./fg. dl. they two ¢ø¬¦ŠôŠ×
demanded
mg. pl. you wrote ö¬¦¬Šï

22. 33 Arabic Grammar
33
mg. you demanded ª¦ŠôŠ×
fg. dl. they two helped ¢«ÂÐû
mg./fg. dl. you two went ¢ø¬¦ÿȯ
mg. pl. you helped ö«ÂÐû
fg. you wrote ª¦¬Šï
mg. he wrote ¤¬Šï
mg. pl. you opened ö¬¸¬Šç
fg. dl. they two hit ¢¬¥ÂÓ
mg. pl. they went ¦¦ÿȯ
mg. you opened ª¸¬Šç
mg./fg. dl. you two wrote
¢ø¬¦¬Šï
mg. pl. they opened ¦¸¬Šç
mg. you demanded ª¦ŠôŠ×
mg. dl. they two went ¢¦ÿȯ
mg. pl. they hit ¦¥ÂÓ
Active and Passive Voices ¾ ´÷»ÂÂà÷
You already know that ŠòàŠç means (he) did. To make passive voice of this, you have to write it
as Šò àŒç which means (it) is done. Further examples are given below.
mg. pl. you created ö¬’ìŠô»
mg. he killed Šò¬Šë
mg. pl. you were created ö¬’ì ô»
mg. he was killed Šò ¬Œë
Mg. pl. they demanded ¦¦ŠôŠ×
mg. he sent Š®à¥
I sent ª’°à¥
we provided ¢ü’ëȱȰ
mg. pl. they provided ¦ŒëȱȰ
mg. pl. they were demanded ¦¦ ôŒ×
mg. he was sent Š® à¥
I was sent ª’° à¥
we were provided ¢ü’ëʱɰ
mg. pl. they were provided ¦Œëʱɰ
Important Note: Always be careful in placing A'araab (fathah, kasrah, or dhammah) on different
parts of a sentence. A little change in these A'araab may lead to a completely different message.
The tense may change from active to passive or the object may be changed to subject. In some
cases, the sentence may not make any sense at all.

23. 34 Arabic Grammar
34
10b. The Present (and Future) Tense ̸ʰ¢Ô÷òàç
Present Tense ¸°¢Ô÷ Possessive
Pronouns
Personal
Pronouns
No. Gen-
der
Per-
son
he does
Œòà’è 
Á ÿ sr.
they do.
ÊÀŠà’è ¢øÿ ¢øÿ dl. mg.
they do
ÈÀŒôà’è öÿ öÿ pl.
3rd
she does.
Œòà’è« ¢ÿ ÿ sr.
person
they do.
ÊÀŠà’è« ¢øÿ ¢øÿ dl. fg.
they do.
ú’ôà’è úÿ úÿ pl.
you do
Œòà’è« È½ ªûȦ sr.
you do
ÊÀŠà’è« ¢øŒï ¢ø¬ûȦ dl. mg.
you do
ÈÀŒôà’è« öŒï ö¬ûȦ pl 2nd
you do
[ ôà’è« Ê½ ªûȦ sr.
person
you do
ÊÀŠà’è« ¢øŒï ¢ø¬ûȦ dl. fg.
you do
ú’ôà’è« úŒï ú¬ûȦ pl.
I do
Œòà’çȦ Ä ¢ûȦ sr. mg.
fg. 1st
We do
Œòà’èû ¢û ú¸û dl.,
pl.
mg.,
fg.
person
Gender: mg: Masculine gender; fg: Feminine gender
Number: sr.: Singular; dl.: Dual; pl: Plural (n)

24. 35 Arabic Grammar
35
IMPORTANT NOTE: ¸°¢Ô÷ actually is the Imperfect Tense and refers to an action which
is incomplete at the time to which reference is being made. It refers to the present tense in
general. It becomes Future tense by addition of the prefix Ȳ or the particle È»Ç before the
¸°¢Ô÷ forms.
****************** Vocabulary Exercises for Lesson No. 10b ******************
Try to translate the Arabic words given below. The translation is provided for you to check yourself.
mg. dl. they two drink ÊÀ¢¥ÂÌ
mg. he collects Þø´
I know öŠôßȦ
I open ¶¬’çȦ
fg. sr. you collect Þø´«
mg. pl. they thank ÈÀÂÂŒðÌ
mg. pl. they disbelieve ÈÀÂÂŒè’ð
I worship ¾¦ßȦ
mg. you know öŠôà«
we don't hear ÞøÈû¢Šó
fg. pl. you make ú’ôà´«
mg. dl. you two drink ÊÀ¢¥ÂÌ«
fg. dl. they two drink ÊÀ¢¥ÂÌ«
mg. dl. you two make ÊÀ¢Šôà´«
fg. dl. they two make ÊÀ¢Šôà´«
pl. we worship ¾¦àû
mg. pl. they recite ÈÀŒô¬
mg. pl. you recite ÈÀŒô¬«
mg. they don't know ÈÀøŠôࢊó
I don't disbelieve ÂŒè’ïȦ¢Šó
And they will not grieve.
ÈÀûĸöÿ¢ŠóÈÂ
They hear the words of Allah.
Ê…¦È¿¢ŠôŠïÈÀàøÈ
I do not worhsip what you worship.
ÈÀ¾¦à«¢÷¾¦ßȦ¢Šó
We do not worship except Allah.
È…¦¢Móʦ¾¦àû¢Šó
They believe in Allah and His
messenger. ¦
þ óÇÈ°ÈÂÊ…¢¥ÈÀü ÷š

25. 36 Arabic Grammar
36
Active and Passive Voice:
As you have seen earlier, ŠòàŠç is made passive by writing Šò àŒç for verbs in past tense. However,
in case of present tense, Œòà’è is made passive by writing it as Œòà’è , i.e., first letter will have
dhammah / pesh ( É- ) and the third letter will have fathah ( È- ). The remaining letters will have
the same A'araab as in the case of active voice.
Concentrate on the following examples:
he drinks ɧÂÌ
they (all, mg) help ÈÀÂÂÐü
you (mg) ask ɾŠ˜È«
he is made / given to drinkɧÂÌ
they (all, mg) are helpedÈÀÂÂÐü
you (mg) are asked ɾŠ˜È«
************************* Vocabulary Exercises ****************************
Try to translate the Arabic words given below. The translation is provided for you to check yourself.
they understand
ÈÀ Šì’è they cut
ÈÀàŠØ’ì
they (women) are
asked
ú’ôŠ È they will not
asked
ÈÀŒóŠ˜È«¢Šó
they do not fear
ÈÀŒç¢¼¢Šó they
ÈÀŒô ´
(it) is opened.
¶¬’è they are killed
ÈÀŒô¬’ì
they do not cut
ÈÀàŠØ’좊ó you understand
ö ’è«
you are provided.
ÈÀŒëȱ« you are helped
ÈÀÂÂÐü«
you are provided.
ÈÀŒëȱ« you are helped
ÈÀÂÂÐü«

26. 37 Arabic Grammar
37
10c. Imperative and Negative Imperative ûÂÂ÷È¢
You can order only to the person in front of you (2nd
person). Therefore, the imperative and
negative forms for only the 2nd
person are provided below.
Negative
Imperative û Imperative
Â÷Ȧ
Poss.
Prns.
Pers.
Prns.
No. Gen-
der
Per-
son
Don't
do (it). ’òà’è«¢Šó Do (it). ’òà’çʦ Ƚ ªûȦ sr.
Don't do
(it). ¢Šôà’è«¢Šó (you two)
Do (it). Šà’çʦ ¢øŒï ¢ø¬ûȦ dl. mg.
Don't
do (it). ¦Œôà’è«¢Šó (you all)
Do (it). ¦Œôà’çʦ öŒï ö¬ûȦ pl 2nd
Don't do
(it). ôà’è«¢Šó Do (it). ôà’çʦ ʽ ªûȦ sr.
person
Don't do
(it). ¢Šôà’è«¢Šó (you two)
Do (it). Šà’çʦ ¢øŒï ¢ø¬ûȦ dl. fg.
Don't do
(it). ú’ôà’è«¢Šó (you all)
Do (it). ú’ôà’çʦ úŒï ú¬ûȦ pl.
************************ Vocabulary for Lesson No. 10a ************************
to act, work ˆòøß
to know ö’ô ß
to open, expand ƬÂË
(he) separated, divided ȼŠç
came near ȧŠë
asked ŠòŠ Ç
drank ȧŽÂË
rode ¤ ïÈ°
went ¤ÿȯ

27. 38 Arabic Grammar
38
======================= Exercises for Lesson No. 10c =======================
im. mg. sr. (you) Go
¤ÿ̯ʦ im. mg. pl. Know.
¦øŠôßʦ
ni. mg./fg. dl. (You two)
Do not go near (it).
¢¥Â’ì«¢Šó ni. mg. sr. Do not
do (it).
’òà’è«¢Šó
ni. fg. sr. Do not fear (it).
碼«¢Šó ni. mg. sr. Do not
go.
¤ÿ’À«¢Šó
im. mg. sr. Open.
̬ÂËʦ ni. mg. sr. Do not
make.
’òà´«¢Šó
im. mg. sr. (you) Say
՘Α ni. mg. pl. Do not
say.
¦ŒóŒì«¢Šó
open up for me
ó̬ÂËʦ (you two) don't
come near
¢¥Â’ì«¢Šó
(you all) drink
¦¥ŽÂËʦ don't ask me
Žü’óŠ˜È«¢Šó
(you all) ride
¦¦Šḭ̈ʦ and (you all)
listen
¦àøǦÈÂ
im. mg. sr. (you all) Say
¦ŒóŒë ni. mg. pl. Do not
be divided.
¦ŒëŠ諢Šó
im. mg. sr. Be.
úŒï ni. mg. pl. Do not
be.
¦ûŒð«¢Šó
IMPORTANT NOTE
All the verb forms of ŠòºàŠç that were taught in the previous lessons along with personal and
possessive pronouns are given in the table on the next page. Try to reproduce this table a couple
of times for different verbs such as:Šò¬Šë¤ÿȯ¶¬ŠçÈ§ŽÂ˝ȧÂӝêŠèûÂŠèŠïö ôߝŠòøß
¤ŠôŠ×Šò»È®¤¬ŠïŠòà³.

28. 39 Arabic Grammar
39
Conjugation table for the verb ŠòàŠç
û Â÷Ȧ ¸°¢Ô÷ Ó¢÷ Poss.
Prns.
Pers.
Prns.
No. Gen-
der
Per-
son
Œòà’è ŠòàŠç 
Á ÿ sr.
ÊÀŠà’è ŠàŠç ¢øÿ ¢øÿ dl. mg.
ÈÀŒôà’è ¦ŒôàŠç öÿ öÿ pl.
3rd
Œòà’è« ªŠôàŠç ¢ÿ ÿ sr.
person
ÊÀŠà’è« ¢¬ŠôàŠç ¢øÿ ¢øÿ dl. fg.
ú’ôà’è ú’ôàŠç úÿ úÿ pl.
’òà’è«¢Šó ’òà’çʦ Œòà’è« ª’ôàŠç Ƚ ªûȦ sr.
¢Šôà’è«¢Šó Šà’çʦ ÊÀŠà’è« ¢ø¬’ôàŠç ¢øŒï ¢ø¬ûȦ dl. mg.
¦Œôà’è«¢Šó ¦Œôà’çʦ ÈÀŒôà’è« ö¬’ôàŠç öŒï ö¬ûȦ pl 2nd
ôà’è«¢Šó ôà’çʦ [ ôà’è« ª’ôàŠç ʽ ªûȦ sr.
person
¢Šôà’è«¢Šó Šà’çʦ ÊÀŠà’è« ¢ø¬’ôàŠç ¢øŒï ¢ø¬ûȦ dl. fg.
ú’ôà’è«¢Šó ú’ôà’çʦ ú’ôà’è« ú¬’ôàŠç úŒï ú¬ûȦ pl.
Œòà’çȦ ª’ôàŠç Ä ¢ûȦ sr. mg.
fg. 1st
Œòà’èû ¢ü’ôàŠç ¢û ú¸û dl.
pl.
mg.
fg.
person

29. 40 Arabic Grammar
40
Conjugation table for the verb ÈÀ¢Šï
û Â÷Ȧ ¸°¢Ô÷ Ó¢÷ Poss.
Prns.
Pers.
Prns.
No. Gen-
der
Per-
son
ÉÀŒð ÈÀ¢Šï 
Á ÿ sr.
ÊÀŠ¢ûŒð Š¢û¢Šï ¢øÿ ¢øÿ dl. mg.
ÈÀûŒð ¦û¢Šï öÿ öÿ pl.
3rd
ÉÀŒð« ªû¢Šï ¢ÿ ÿ sr.
person
ÊÀŠ¢ûŒð« ¢¬û¢Šï ¢øÿ ¢øÿ dl. fg.
úŒð úŒï úÿ úÿ pl.
úŒð«¢Šó úŒï ÉÀŒð« ªüŒï Ƚ ªûȦ sr.
Š¢ûŒð«¢Šó Š¢ûŒï ÊÀŠ¢ûŒð« ¢ø¬üŒï ¢øŒï ¢ø¬ûȦ dl. mg.
¦ûŒð«¢Šó ¦ûŒï ÈÀûŒð« ö¬üŒï öŒï ö¬ûȦ pl 2nd
ŽûŒð«¢Šó ŽûŒï [ŽûŒð« ªüŒï ʽ ªûȦ sr.
person
Š¢ûð«¢Šó Š¢ûŒï ÊÀŠ¢ûŒð« ¢ø¬üŒï ¢øŒï ¢ø¬ûȦ dl. fg.
úŒð«¢Šó úŒï úŒð« ú¬üŒï úŒï ú¬ûȦ pl.
ÉÀŒïȦ ªüŒï Ä ¢ûȦ sr. mg.
fg. 1st
ÉÀŒðû ¢üŒï ¢û ú¸û dl.
pl.
mg.
fg.
person
The verb forms of ÈÀ¢Šï are extensively used in the Qur'an. Try to reproduce this table a couple of
times to get a very good familiarity of all the forms shown above.

30. 41 Arabic Grammar
41
Conjugation table for the verb Ⱦ¢Šë
û Â÷Ȧ ¸°¢Ô÷ Ó¢÷ Poss.
Prns.
Pers.
Prns.
No. Gen-
der
Per-
son
ɾŒì Ⱦ¢Šë 
Á ÿ sr.
ÊÀŠŒì Š¢Šë ¢øÿ ¢øÿ dl. mg.
ÈÀŒóŒì ¦Œó¢Šë öÿ öÿ pl.
3rd
ɾŒì« ªŠó¢Šë ¢ÿ ÿ sr.
person
ÊÀŠŒì« ¢¬Šó¢Šë ¢øÿ ¢øÿ dl. fg.
ú’ôŒì ú’ôŒë úÿ úÿ pl.
’òŒì«Š ’òŒë ɾŒì« ª’ôŒë Ƚ ªûȦ sr.
¢ŠóŒì«Š ¢ŠóŒë ÊÀŠŒì« ¢ø¬’ôŒë ¢øŒï ¢ø¬ûȦ dl. mg.
¦ŒóŒì«Š ¦ŒóŒë ÈÀŒóŒì« ö¬’ôŒë öŒï ö¬ûȦ pl 2nd
óŒì«Š óŒë [ óŒì« ª’ôŒë ʽ ªûȦ sr.
person
¢ŠóŒì«Š ¢ŠóŒë ÊÀŠŒì« ¢ø¬’ôŒë ¢øŒï ¢ø¬ûȦ dl. fg.
ú’ôŒì«Š ú’ôŒë ú’ôŒì« ú¬’ôŒë úŒï ú¬ûȦ pl.
ɾŒëȦ ª’ôŒë Ä ¢ûȦ sr. mg.
fg. 1st
ɾŒìû ¢ü’ôŒë ¢û ú¸û dl.
pl.
mg.
fg.
person
Different forms of Ⱦ¢ºŠë are frequently used in the Qur'an. Try to reproduce this table a couple of
times to get a very good familiarity of all the forms shown above.

31. 42 Arabic Grammar
42
10d. Derived Forms of theVerb ŠòàŠç
Verbal
Noun
°¾Ð÷
Passive
participle
¾à’èø’ó¦öÇʦ
Active
participle
ò ߢŠè’ó¦öÇʦ
Present (
future) Tense
̸ʰ¢Ô÷
Past
Tense
Ó¢÷
S.
No.
ˆòà ç ¾à’è÷ ò ߢŠç Œòà’è ŠòàŠç 1
ˆò à’è« òàŠè÷ òàŠè÷ ŒòàŠè ŠòàŠç 2
ˆ¨ŠôߢŠè÷ òߢŠè÷ ò ߢŠè÷ Œò ߢŠè ŠòߢŠç 3
ƾ¢à’çʦ òà’è÷ ò à’è÷ Œò à’è Šòà’çȦ 4
ˆò

32. àŠè« òàŠè¬÷ òàŠè¬÷ ŒòàŠè¬ ŠòàŠè« 5
ˆ¨ŠôߢŠè¬÷ òߢŠè¬÷ ò ߢŠè¬÷ ŒòߢŠè¬ ŠòߢŠè« 6
ƾ¢à èûʦ òàŠèü÷ ò àŠèü÷ Œò àŠèü ŠòàŠèûʦ 7
ƾ¢à ¬’çʦ ò଒è÷ ò ଒è÷ Œò à¬’è Šò଒çʦ 8
ƾŠà’çʦ òŠôà’è÷ ò ôà’è÷ Nòà’è Mòà’çʦ 9
ƾ¢à’è ¬Çʦ òà’è¬È÷ ò à’è¬È÷ Œò à’è¬È Šòà’è¬Çʦ 10
Note: It is suggested that you practice on this table after memorizing the meanings of around a
Juz' (parah). Try to repeat this table for a couple of verbs. You will have a much wider
understanding of different verbs and their meanings which occur in the Qur'an. After this
practice, you will be able to remember and connect the derived forms with their root word easily.
For each of the verb, you can repeat the table given under the title Conjugation table for the verb
ŠòºàŠç and feel for yourself the power of Arabic language. The following page gives an example
of how the table given under the title Conjugation table for the verb ŠòàŠç can be reproduced for
the derived form number 3, Šòà’ç¢ ,. You can reproduce the following for each of the derivatives.

33. 43 Arabic Grammar
43
An Example: Conjugation table for the verb Šòà’çÈ¢
¸°¢Ô÷ Ó¢÷ Poss. Prns. Pers. Prns. No. Gen-
der
Per-
son
Œò à’è Šòà’çÈ¢ 
Á ÿ sr.
ÊÀŠ à’è Šà’çÈ¢ ¢øÿ ¢øÿ dl. mg.
ÈÀŒô à’è ¦Œôà’çÈ¢ öÿ öÿ pl.
3rd
Œò à’è« ªŠôà’çÈ¢ ¢ÿ ÿ sr.
person
ÊÀŠ à’è« ¢¬Šôà’çÈ¢ ¢øÿ ¢øÿ dl. fg.
ú’ô à’è ú’ôà’çÈ¢ úÿ úÿ pl.
Œò à’è« ª’ôà’çÈ¢ Ƚ ªûȦ sr.
ÊÀŠ à’è« ¢ø¬’ôà’çÈ¢ ¢øŒï ¢ø¬ûȦ dl. mg.
ÈÀŒô à’è« ö¬’ôà’çÈ¢ öŒï ö¬ûȦ pl 2nd
[ ô à’è« ª’ôà’çÈ¢ ʽ ªûȦ sr.
person
ÊÀŠ à’è« ¢ø¬’ôà’çÈ¢ ¢øŒï ¢ø¬ûȦ dl. fg.
ú’ô à’è« ú¬’ôà’çÈ¢ úŒï ú¬ûȦ pl.
Œò à’çɦ ª’ôà’çÈ¢ Ä ¢ûȦ sr. mg.
fg. 1st
Œò à’èû ¢ü’ôà’çÈ¢ ¢û ú¸û dl.
pl.
mg.
fg.
person

34. 44 Arabic Grammar
44
blank page

35. 45 Arabic Grammar
45
blank page