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Sheet Metal Processes
1. SHEET METAL PROCESSES
Sheet metal characteristics - Typical shearing operations, bending and
drawing operations – Stretch forming operations –– Formability of sheet
metal – Test methods – Working principle and application of special
forming processes - Hydro forming – Rubber pad forming – Metal
spinning – Introduction to Explosive forming, Magnetic pulse forming,
Peen forming, Super plastic forming.
2. Introduction
The working of metal thickness from 3mm to 5mm
with hand tools and simple machines into various
forms is known as sheet metal work.
Sheet metals
Black iron
Galvanized iron
Stainless steel
Brass
Copper
Zinc , Aluminium, tin plate and lead.
16. - Roll Forming
If the edges are formed to a desired shape in the form of bend is
made on the sheet metal
- Seaming
The process of providing lock between the two edges of the
different work metal.
SHEARING OPERATION - DRAWING
- Deep Drawing
Length of the part drawn is deeper then width.
- Box Drawing
Length of the part drawn is lesser then width
17. STRETCH FORMING OPERATION
Stretching is the process of stressing the work blank beyond its elastic limit
by moving a form block towards the blank.
FORM BLOCK METHOD
26. 3.0 METAL SPINNING
a) Manual Spinning
b) Power Spinning
Applications: Ash trays, flower pots, lamp shades, missile and radar units
27. 4).EXPLOSIVE FORMING PROCESSES
- Stand off operations
The explosive charge is located at some distance away from the blank
and energy is transmitted through some fluid medium such as water.
- Contact Operations
The explosive charge is directly located over the blank.
AEROSPACE COMPONENTS
28. Electro magnetic forming
The energy stored in a capacitor bank is discharged
rapidly through a magnetic coil.
EX: a ring shaped coil is placed over a tubular
workpiece.
Depends upon the shape of the die the tube will
deform when the magnetic force pushes the metal.
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32. 7.0 SUPER PLASTIC FORMING PROCESS
a) Loading
b) Forming
c) Forming
d) Release
33. Advantage:
One step process
Minimizes amount of scrap
Higher material elongation possible
Application:
Forming of– automotive body panels, aircraft frames
37. BASIC SHEARING OPERATION
2.0 Forming operations
(a) Bending
(b) Drawing
(c) Sequeezing
(d) Embossing
(e) Nibbling
It is an operation of cutting any shape from sheet metal
without special tools. It is done on a nibbling machine.
38. FORMABILITY OF SHEETMETAL
Formability = f(f1, f2)
F1 = Material Variables - ductility
F2 = Process Variables – stress system, lubrication, die design etc
Law 1 – Process of fracturing
Ductility of the same material is lower if the section size is large.
Law 2 –Law of geometrical Similitude
1 Blank are geometrically similar to dimension, thickness, width etc.
2 Unit strain at corresponding locations are identical
3 Forces required directly proportional to the square of the thickness
.
4 Consumption of work proportional to the cube of its thickness.
39. FORMABILITY TEST METHOD
1 Formability tests for bulk deformation
Elastic deformation and Plastic deformation
2 Formability test for elastic plastic deformation
1) Tensile test
a) Stretch forming - local thinning
b) Drawing operation – Lower punch by thinning under bi-axial stresses.
2) Simulative tests
a)Erichsen test – Stretchability based on erichsen number
b)Olsen test
c) Swift test - based on blank to punch diameter- drawing ratio
d) Fukui test – both assessed - based on formability index