This document discusses shared objects and synchronization in concurrent systems. It introduces the concepts of processes interacting via shared objects, atomicity which requires operations on shared objects to appear instantaneous, and wait-freedom which guarantees a process receives a response despite other processes crashing. It provides examples of shared objects like registers for read/write synchronization and queues for producer-consumer synchronization. The document outlines an agenda to cover wait-free implementations of objects using more primitive base objects.
The fork/join framework, which is based on the ForkJoinPool class, is an implementation of the Executor interface. It is designed to efficiently run a large number of tasks using a pool of worker threads. A work-stealing technique is used to keep all the worker threads busy, to take full advantage of multiple processors
The fork/join framework, which is based on the ForkJoinPool class, is an implementation of the Executor interface. It is designed to efficiently run a large number of tasks using a pool of worker threads. A work-stealing technique is used to keep all the worker threads busy, to take full advantage of multiple processors
Reactive Programming, Traits and Principles. What is Reactive, where does it come from, and what is it good for? How does it differ from event driven programming? It only functional?
Structured concurrency with Kotlin Coroutines
1. Theory
- Coroutines
- Suspending functions
- Asynchronous Flows
- Channels
2. Practice
- Business lookup feature implementation in TransferWise app for Android
Introduction to JDK7's Fork/Join framework. Present on May 3 2012 at the Belgian Java User Group (BeJUG). For more information see: http://www.bejug.org/confluenceBeJUG/display/BeJUG/ForkJoin+and+Akka
Demo code can be found at http://bit.ly/bejug-fj
This session was presented at the JFall 2011 conference in The Netherlands. It introduces the Fork/Join framework that was introduced in Java 7. Example code can be found at http://bit.y/jfall-forkjoin
Reactive Programming, Traits and Principles. What is Reactive, where does it come from, and what is it good for? How does it differ from event driven programming? It only functional?
Structured concurrency with Kotlin Coroutines
1. Theory
- Coroutines
- Suspending functions
- Asynchronous Flows
- Channels
2. Practice
- Business lookup feature implementation in TransferWise app for Android
Introduction to JDK7's Fork/Join framework. Present on May 3 2012 at the Belgian Java User Group (BeJUG). For more information see: http://www.bejug.org/confluenceBeJUG/display/BeJUG/ForkJoin+and+Akka
Demo code can be found at http://bit.ly/bejug-fj
This session was presented at the JFall 2011 conference in The Netherlands. It introduces the Fork/Join framework that was introduced in Java 7. Example code can be found at http://bit.y/jfall-forkjoin
Unit – I: INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
ICT: Concept, Objectives, Need and Importance of ICT - Characteristics and Scope of Information and Communication Technology.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
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Presentation by Hans-J. Boehm.
Paper and more information: http://soft.vub.ac.be/races/paper/position-paper-nondeterminism-is-unavoidable-but-data-races-are-pure-evil/
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TechDays2013 NL session on async and parallel programming. Gives an overview of todays relevant .net technologies, examples and tips and tricks. This session will help you to understand and select and use the right async/parallel technology to use in your .net application. (arie@macaw.nl)
1) Design and Implementation of Multicore Processors
2) Coherence and Consistency
3) Power and Temperature
4) Interconnects
5) Multicore Caches
6) Security
7) Real world examples
By James Kirk Cropcho
PyData New York City 2017
Want to start learning asynchronous programming techniques, but you’re feeling blocked? In this talk, I will explain asynchronous execution. Then, using assorted asynchronous libraries and frameworks, I’ll display and discuss different implementations of a realistic application.
This presentation discusses the following topics:
Basic features of R
Exploring R GUI
Data Frames & Lists
Handling Data in R Workspace
Reading Data Sets & Exporting Data from R
Manipulating & Processing Data in R
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A study on “impact of artificial intelligence in covid19 diagnosis”Dr. C.V. Suresh Babu
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A study on “impact of artificial intelligence in covid19 diagnosis”Dr. C.V. Suresh Babu
Although the lungs are one of the most vital organs in the body, they are vulnerable to infection and injury. COVID-19 has put the entire world in an unprecedented difficult situation, bringing life to a halt and claiming thousands of lives all across the world. Medical imaging, such as X-rays and computed tomography (CT), is essential in the global fight against COVID-19, and newly emerging artificial intelligence (AI) technologies are boosting the power of imaging tools and assisting medical specialists. AI can improve job efficiency by precisely identifying infections in X-ray and CT images and allowing further measurement. We focus on the integration of AI with X-ray and CT, both of which are routinely used in frontline hospitals, to reflect the most recent progress in medical imaging and radiology combating COVID-19.
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
Generating a custom Ruby SDK for your web service or Rails API using Smithyg2nightmarescribd
Have you ever wanted a Ruby client API to communicate with your web service? Smithy is a protocol-agnostic language for defining services and SDKs. Smithy Ruby is an implementation of Smithy that generates a Ruby SDK using a Smithy model. In this talk, we will explore Smithy and Smithy Ruby to learn how to generate custom feature-rich SDKs that can communicate with any web service, such as a Rails JSON API.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
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Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
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We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
2. Major chip manufacturers have recently
announced a major paradigm shift:
Intel … [has] decided to focus its development efforts on
«dual core» processors … with two engines instead of one,
allowing for greater efficiency because the processor
workload is essentially shared.
Multi-processors and Multicores
vs
faster processors
2
3. The clock speed of a processor
cannot be increased without
overheating.
But
More and more processors can fit in
the same space.
3
5. Speed will be achieved by having several
processors work on independent parts of a
task.
But
The processors would occasionally need to
pause and synchronize.
But
If the task is shared, then pure parallelism is
usually impossible and, at best, inefficient.
5
6. Concurrent computing for
the masses
Forking processes might be more frequent
But…
Concurrent accesses to shared objects might
become more problematic and harder.
6
7. How do devices synchronize?
Concurrent processes
Shared object
7
9. How do devices synchronize?
One process at a time
Locked object
9
10. How do devices synchronize?
Locking (mutual exclusion)
Difficult: 50% of the bugs reported in
Java come from the use of
« synchronized »
Fragile: a process holding a lock
prevents all others from progressing
Other: deadlock, livelock, priority
inversion, etc.
10
11. Why is locking hard? are
Processes
asynchronous
Page faults
Pre-emptions
Failures
Cache misses, …
A process can be delayed by millions of
instructions …
11
13. Wait-free atomic objects
Wait-freedom: every process that
invokes an operation eventually returns
from the invocation
o Robust … unlike locking.
Atomicity: every operation appears to
execute instantaneously.
o As if the object were locked.
13
14. In short
This course shows how to
wait-free implement high-level
atomic objects out of more
primitive base objects.
14
17. Processes
We assume a finite set of processes:
– Processes have unique identifiers.
– Processes are denoted as « p1, …, pN »
or « p, q, r »
– Processes know each other.
– Processes can coordinate via shared objects.
17
18. Processes
We assume a finite set of processes:
– Each process models a sequential program.
– Each clock tick each process takes a step.
– In each step, a process:
a) Performs some computation. (LOCAL)
b) Initiates an operation on a shared object. (GLOBAL)
c) Receives a response from an operation. (GLOBAL)
– We make no assumptions on process
(relative) speeds. (Asynchronous)
18
20. Processes
Crash Failures:
A process either executes the algorithm
assigned to it or crashes.
A process that crashes does not recover.
A process that does not crash in a given
execution (computation or run) is called
correct (in that execution).
20
22. On objects and processes
Processes interact via shared objects:
A process can initiate an operation
on a particular object.
Every operation is expected to
return a reply.
Each process can initiate only one
operation at a time.
22
24. On objects and processes
Sequentiality:
–
After invoking an operation op1 on
some object O1…
–
A process does not invoke a new
operation on the same or on some
other object…
–
Until it receives the reply for op1.
Remark . Sometimes we talk about
operations when we should be talking
about operation invocations
24
26. Atomicity
We mainly focus in this course on how
to implement atomic objects.
Atomicity (or linearizability):
–
Every operation appears to execute
at some indivisible point in time.
–
This is called the linearization point.
–
This point is between the invocation
and the reply.
26
32. Atomicity
Theorem:
Consider executions of algorithm A in which every
operation completes.
If every such execution is atomic, then A guarantees
atomicity in all executions (even those with operations
that do not complete).
32
33. Wait-freedom
We mainly focus in this course on wait-free
implementations
An implementation is wait-free if:
•
Any correct process that invokes an
operation eventually gets a reply.
•
This does not depend on any other process.
•
Other processes may crash or be very slow.
33
35. Wait-freedom
Wait-freedom conveys the robustness of
the implementation
With a wait-free implementation, a
process gets replies despite the crash of
the n-1 other processes
Note that this precludes implementations
based on locks (i.e., mutual exclusion).
35
37. Motivation
Most synchronization primitives
(problems) can be precisely expressed
as atomic objects (implementations)
Studying how to ensure robust
synchronization boils down to studying
wait-free atomic object implementations
37
38. Example 1
The reader/writer synchronization
problem corresponds to the register
object
Basically, the processes need to read
or write a shared data structure such
that the value read by a process at a
time t, is the last value written before t
38
39. Register
A register has two operations:
–
read()
–
write()
Assume (for simplicity) that:
– a register contains an integer
– the register is denoted by x
– the register is initially 0
39
52. Example 2
Producer/consumer synchronization:
corresponds to the queue object.
Producer processes create items;
consumer processes use items.
Requirements:
–
An item cannot be consumed by 2 processes.
–
The first item produced is the first consumed
(FIFO).
52
53. Queue
A queue has two operations:
enqueue() and dequeue()
We assume that a queue internally
maintains a list x which supports:
–
append(): put an item at the end of the list;
–
remove(): remove an element from the head
of the list.
53
59. Content
(1) Implementing registers
(2) The power & limitation of registers
(3) Universal objects & synchronization number
(4) The power of time & failure detection
(5) Tolerating failure prone objects
(6) Anonymous implementations
(7) Transaction memory
59
60. Conclusion
This topic shows how to wait-free
implement high-level atomic objects
out of basic objects
Remark: unless explicitely stated otherwise:
objects mean atomic objects and
implementations are wait-free.
60
Editor's Notes
BC03
Welcome back.
I am Seth Gilbert, postdoc in Rachid’s group. Giving a few lectures when Rachid is out of town. Graduated MIT. My research focuses on distributed algorithms for highly dynamic, rapidly changing systems, such as peer-to-peer networks and wireless networks. Much of my focus recently has been on wireless networks.
First dual core: 2001
Today: new intel computers are all dual-core., I.e., two cores, and they sell 4-core processors. AMD also. Sun T2000 Niagara has 8 cores.
Intel prototype: 80 cores (2006) --- within 5 years, by 2011 -- to market. (>1 teraflop trillion ops/second)
Important implications for how we write software: no free speedup.
Example: big database search. Very parallel. Little synchronization.
But, inserting data into database: can be high contention.
Or consider double-ended queue: low contention between push/pop when queue is big; high contention when queue is small.
Easy to fork processes. Hard to synchronize and deal with conflicts.
Goal of today is to explain what we mean by concurrent computing, why it is important, and what we mean by robust.
Unique identifiers make a big difference! Anyone think of a problem that cannot be solved if you do not have unique identifiers?
For example if the operation of p1 is a WRITE operation, and the operation of p2 is a READ operation, then p2 retrieves data from p1.
Two options… Either complete the operation, or erase it all together.