INTRODUCTION VARIOUS STAGES

1. SHAPING OF PERSONALITY
DEVELOPMENT

2. Introduction
1. Stages are identified by age.
2. However, personality is influenced by temperament (Inborn personality
characteristics) and the environment
3. It is possible for behavior from an unsuccessfully completed stages to be
modified and corrected in a later stages.
4. Psychologist have come up with different stages in the development of the
personality.

3. Stages
Freudian
stages
Erikson’s
stages
Jean Piaget
stages
Chris Argyris
stages
-Oral stage
-Anal stage
-Phallic stage
-Latency stage
-Genital stage
-Infancy
-Early childhood
-Play age
-School age
-puberty and
adolescence
-Young adulthood
-Middle adulthood
-late adulthood
-Sensorimotor
-Preoperational
-concrete
operational
-Formal operational
- Immaturity to
maturity

4. FREUDIAN STAGES
Oral stages
O-1st year of life
1. Interaction through mouth
2. They achieve gratification through
Feeding…
Thumb-sucking
Biting
Eating
Anal stages
2ND -3rd year of life
1. Controlling
2. Movement
3. Bladder and bowl
4. Coming to society’s controls relating to
toilet-training

5. FREUDIAN STAGES
PHALIC STAGE
3rd-4th year of life
1. Interest in the genitals
2. Leading to identification with
same –sex parent ( Male & Female)
LATENCY STAGE
4th-6th years of life
1. Oedipus complex & Electra complex
(attraction towards opposite sex)
2. Ego development takes place
3. Sexual behavior is inactive
4. Interested in building peer relation

6. FREUDIAN STAGES
GENITAL STAGES
Adolescence to adulthood
Development of sexual interest in opposite sex…..
(Begins during puberty and lasts throughout the life)
Establishment of mature sexual relationship

7. ERIKSON’S STAGES
• Erik Erikson (was an Ego psychologist) in 1959 proposed a psychoanalytic
theory of psychosocial development comprising eight stages from infancy
to adulthood.
• According to the theory, successful completion of each stage results in a
healthy personality and the acquisition of basic virtues.
• One of the strengths of Erikson's theory is its ability to tie together
important psychosocial development across the entire lifespan.
• Erikson stressed his work as a ‘tool to think with rather than a factual
analysis’. So the theory does not have an universal mechanism for crisis
resolution.

8. ERIKSON’S STAGES

9. ERIKSON’S STAGES

10. JEAN PIAGET STAGES
Active participation and involvement build understanding which “is to discover, or
reconstruct by rediscovery”.
PREOPRATIONAL
PERIOD
Development of
symbolic thought
marked by
irreversibility,
centration, and
egocentrism
CONCRETE
OPERATIONAL
PERIOD
Mental operations
applied to concrete
events; mastery of
conservation,
hierarchical
classification
FORMAL
OPERRATIONAL
PERIOD
Mental
operations applied
to abstract Ideas:
logical, systematic
thinking
SENSOROMOTOR
PERIOD
Coordination of
sensory input and
motor responses;
Development of
object permanence.
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Stage 4
Birth to 2 years
2 to 7 years
7 to 11 years
Age 11 through
adulthood

11. JEAN PIAGET STAGES
COGNITIVE OR CONSCIOUS STAGES OF PERSONALITY
STAGE AGE DESCRIPTION
Sensorimotor 0-2 Reflex base
Coordinate reflexes
Preoperational 2-7 Self-Oriented
Egocentric
Concrete
Operational
7-11 More than 1 view point
No abstract problems
Consider some
outcomes
Formal
operations
11 and above Think abstractly
Reason theoretically
Not all people reach
this stage

12. CHRIS ARGYRIS
1. Identified specific dimensions of the human personality as it develops.
2. The personality of an individual depends factors like perception, self-concept,
and his ability to adapt & adjust.
3. Continual change in the level of development along with different dimensions.
4. The development of an individuals personality can be measured but it is difficult
to predict specific behavior.

13. CHRIS ARGYRIS

14. IMMATURITY TO MATURITY CONTINNUM
Characteristics of immaturity
Passivity
Dependence
Limited behavior
Shallow interests
Short-time Perspective
Subordinate position
Lack of self-awareness
Characteristics of maturity
Activity
Independence
Diverse behavior
Deep Interest
Long-time perspective
Super subordinate position
Self-awareness and control

15. THANK YOU