This document appears to be a presentation on a summer internship at the 33/11 substation in Baraut. It includes sections on the contents, substation overview, single line diagram concepts, bus concept, isolators, lightning arresters, relays, instrument transformers, power transformers, transformer parts, and references. The key points are that a substation is part of the electrical generation, transmission and distribution system used to transform voltages from high to low or vice versa using transformers. It contains critical equipment like circuit breakers, isolators, transformers and protective devices like relays and lightning arresters to safely control and monitor power flow. Instrument transformers are used to measure and monitor current and voltage at safe levels.

1. GALGOTIAS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
and technology
PRESENTATION
ON
SUMMER INTERNSHIP FROM UPPCL
33/11 SUB STATION BARAUT
PRESENTED BY :
SHAHID MALIK
ROLL NO:xxxxxxxxx
SUBMETTED TO;
XXX
(……………………..)

2. CONTENTS
SUBSTATION
SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM
CONCEPT OF BUS
ISOLATOR
LIGHTNING ARRESTER
RELAY
INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER
POWER OF TRANSFORMER
PARTS OF TRANSFORMER
REFERENCES

3. SUBSTATION
Part of Electrical Generation
Transmission of Electricity
Distribution of Electricity
Voltage is transform high to
low or low to high using
Transforms
Ex 400KV/220KV substation
220KV/132KV substation
132KV/33KV substation
33KV/11KV substation

4. SINGLE LINE DIAGRAME
 single lines and symbols a simplified layout of a three-
phase electrical system
to include all the necessary data while keeping the
diagram easy to read
Information provided in a SLD
Isolator
Circuit breaker
Fuse
Current transformer
Potential transformer
Light arrester
VCB(Vacuum circuit breaker
Transformer

7. CONCEPT OF BUS BAR
1.The concept of bus is Same as the concept of a
node in an electrical circuit.
2. There is one bus for each phase.
3.Shown in SLDsas lines connecting equipment
to the buses.
4.Made of aluminum or copper bars or pipes and
can be several meters long.
5.The impedance of buses is very low, practically
zero, so electrically the whole bus is at the same
potential.

9. EQUIPMENTS
1. ISOLATOR
2. LIGHTNING ARRESTOR
3. CIRCUIT BREAKER
4. RELAY
5. INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER(CT
&PT)
6. POWER TRANSFORMER

10. ISOLATOR
Isolator are used to open a
circuit under no load
Isolator is meant only for
interrupting the power
during maintenance or
repair

11. LIGHTNING ARRESTER
Protect the Insulation &
Conductors of the system from
damaging effect of Lightning
The typical lightning arrester
has a high voltage terminal and
ground terminal

12. CIRCUIT BREAKER
Automatically operated
electrical switch condition
Designed to protect the
circuit from over load or short
circuit
Separate healthy and faulty
section of circuit
Operate at on load

13. RELAY
Protecting relay is a sensing
device and designed to detect
operating conditions on an
electrical circuit .
It trips the circuit breaker
when fault is detected
TYPE OF RELAY
 Overcurrent relay
 Differential relay
 Tripping relay
 Directional Relay
 Auxiliary Relay

14. INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER
A) CURRENT TRANSFORMER
o Current measure in circuit
o If current in very high it reduce
the current accurately
B) POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER
o Used in a system for stepping down
the system voltage to a safe value
INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS are used for measurement and protective
applications together with equipments such as meters & relays
Types-

15. POWER TRANSFORMER
A Static Device.
Transfer Power from One circuit to
another circuit
No Change in Frequency.
Principle-Faraday’s Law of
Electromagnetic Induction.
Types- 1. STEP UP TRANSFORMER
O/P Voltage > I/P Voltage.
2. STEP DOWN
TRANSFORMER
O/P Voltage < I/P Voltage.

16. PART OF TRANSFORMER
 core
 Winding(H.V winding, L.V winding)
 Control panel
 transformer OILS
 Pressure Relief
device
 Breather
 Cooling fans
 Conservator
 Radiator
 Tap changer
 Tank

17. BATTERY ROOM
 DC battery shell be installed in the power house for
 Emergency power.
 Protection.
 Alarm and indication.

18. TRANSFORMERS
Also known as the heart
of substations. These are
used to reduce the
voltages at appropriate
levels
CURRENT/ VOLTAGE
TRANSFORMERS
It is a used in power systems to
step down extra high
voltage signals and provide a low
voltage signal, for measurement
or to operate a protective relay
WAVETRAP
Traps the high frequency
signalsISOLATORS
Used for maintenance of
the circuit in no load
condition
CIRCUIT BREAKER
used to protect the
equipment by opening
the circuit for over
current and over voltages
LIGHTINING ARRESTER
Used for protecting the
equipment from surge
voltages
SUMMARY OF EQUIPMENTs
RELAY
Used to sense
the faults

19. REFERENCES
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_substation
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/uttar-
Pradesh-power-corporation-limited
http://www.uppclonline.com/en_GB/Transmission_Link_
Document/07042009030435grid_code[1].html
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/distri
bution-substation